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  • MDPI AG  (24)
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  • MDPI AG  (24)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Spatiotemporal Variations of Carbon Emissions and Their Driving Factors in the Yellow River Basin
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 19 ( 2022-10-08), p. 12884-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 19 ( 2022-10-08), p. 12884-
    Kurzfassung: The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is a significant area of economic development and ecological protection in China. Scientifically clarifying the spatiotemporal patterns of carbon emissions and their driving factors is of great significance. Using the methods of spatial autocorrelation analysis, hot-spot analysis, and a geodetector, the analysis framework of spatiotemporal differentiation and the driving factors of carbon emissions in the YRB was constructed in this paper from three aspects: natural environment, social economy, and regional policy. Three main results were found: (1) The carbon emissions in the YRB increased gradually from 2000 to 2020, and the growth rates of carbon emissions in the different river reaches were upper reaches 〉 middle reaches 〉 lower reaches. (2) Carbon emissions have an obvious spatial clustering character from 2000–2020, when hot spots were concentrated in the transition area from the Inner Mongolia Plateau to the Loess Plateau. The cold spots of carbon emissions tended to be concentrated in the junction area of Qinghai, Gansu, and Shaanxi. (3) From 2000 to 2020, the driving factors of spatial differentiation of carbon emissions in the YRB and its different reaches tended to be diversified, so the impacts of socioeconomic factors increased, while the impacts of natural environmental factors decreased. The influence of the interactions of each driving factor showed double factor enhancement and nonlinear enhancement. This study will provide a scientific reference for green and low-carbon development, emphasizing the need to pay more attention to environmental protection, develop the green economy vigorously, and promote the economic cycle, so as to achieve green development and reduce carbon emissions.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912884
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2175195-X
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Effects of Storage Conditions on the Flavor Stability of Fried Pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum) Oil
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Foods Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2021-06-04), p. 1292-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2021-06-04), p. 1292-
    Kurzfassung: Flavor stability of fried pepper oil was investigated during 30 days of storage. Variation trends of key volatile flavor compounds in fried pepper oil induced by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and oxygen (O2) exposure were compared using GC-MS and chiral GC-MS analysis. Chirality analysis showed that conversion of (S)-(-)-limonene to (R)-(+)-limonene form was observed during storage. The storage conditions did not change the configuration of linalool, linalool oxide, or carvone. Quantitative analysis showed that the concentrations of linalool, limonene, 1,8-cineole, β-myrcene, and β-ocimene decreased dramatically during storage, whereas carvone, (E)-2-heptenal, and linalool oxide showed an increasing trend during storage. The loss rate of limonene and linalool exhibited the highest under combined UV and O2 condition, which played an important role for the aroma attenuation of pepper oil. This result will benefit the storage of pepper oil and based on pepper oil aromatic products.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods10061292
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2704223-6
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Soil Water Evaporation Process from Mountains Based on the Stable Isotope Composition in a Headwater Basin and Northwest China
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Water Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2020-09-27), p. 2711-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2020-09-27), p. 2711-
    Kurzfassung: Soil water is a link between different water bodies. The study of soil water evaporation is of great significance to understand the regional hydrological process, promote environmental remediation in arid areas, and rationalize ecological water use. On the basis of soil water δ2H and δ18O data from April to October 2017 in the Xiying River basin in the upper reaches of the Qilian mountains, the lc-excess and Craig-Gordon model were applied to reflect the evaporating fractionation of soil water. The results show that the change in evaporation loss drives the enrichment of soil water isotopes. The signal of evaporative fractionation of soil water isotopes at different elevations has spatiotemporal heterogeneity. From the perspective of time dynamics, the evaporation loss of the whole region during the observation period was affected by temperature before July, while after July, it was controlled jointly by temperature and humidity, evaporation was weakened. Soil salt content and vegetation played an important role in evaporation loss. In terms of spatial dynamics, the soil moisture evaporation at the Xiying (2097 m) and Huajian (2390 m) stations in the foothills area is larger than that at the Nichan station (2721 m) on the hillside and Lenglong station (3637 m) on the mountain top. The surface soil water evaporation is strong, and the evaporation becomes weak with the increase of depth. The research has guiding significance for the restoration and protection of vegetation in arid areas and the formulation of reasonable animal husbandry policies.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w12102711
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2521238-2
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Immunoprotection of OmpH Gene Deletion Mutation of Pasteurella multocida on Hemorrhagic Sepsis in Qinghai Yak
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Veterinary Sciences Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2023-03-14), p. 221-
    Details
    In: Veterinary Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2023-03-14), p. 221-
    Kurzfassung: OmpH is among the most important virulence factors of Pasteurella multocida, which mediates septicemia in yaks (Bos grunniens I) after infection with the bacteria. In the present study, yaks were infected with wild-type (WT) (P0910) and OmpH-deficient (ΔOmpH) P. multocida strains. The mutant strain was generated through the reverse genetic operation system of pathogens and proteomics technology. The live-cell bacterial count and clinical manifestations of P. multocida infection in Qinghai yak tissues (thymus, lung, spleen, lymph node, liver, kidney, and heart) were analyzed. The expression of differential proteins in the yak spleen under different treatments was analyzed using the marker-free method. We found that compared with the mutant strain, the titer of wild-type strains was significantly higher in tissues. Additionally, compared with other organs, the bacteria titer was significantly higher in the spleen. Compared with the WT p0910 strain, the mutant strain generated milder pathological changes in the tissues of yak. Proteomics analysis revealed that 57 of the 773 proteins expressed in P. multocida were significantly differentially expressed between the ΔOmpH and P0910 groups. Of the 57, 14 were over-expressed, whereas 43 were under-expressed. The differentially expressed proteins in the ΔompH group regulated the ABC transporter (ATP-powered translocation of many substrates across membranes) system, the two-component system, RNA degradation, RNA transcription, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, biosynthesis of ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinones, oxidative phosphorylation (citrate cycle) as well as fructose and mannose metabolism. The relationship among 54 significantly regulated proteins was analyzed using STRING. We found that WT P0910 and ΔOmpH of P. multocida infection activated the expression of ropE, HSPBP1, FERH, ATP10A, ABCA13, RRP7A, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-17A, EGFR, and dnaJ. Overall, deletion of the OmpH gene weakened the virulence but maintained the immunogenicity of P. multocida in yak. The findings of this study provide a strong foundation for the pathogenesis of P. multocida and the management of related septicemia in yaks.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2306-7381
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10030221
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2768971-2
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Molecular Characterization and Drought Resistance of GmNAC3 Transcription Factor in Glycine max (L.) Merr.
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 20 ( 2022-10-16), p. 12378-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 20 ( 2022-10-16), p. 12378-
    Kurzfassung: Soybean transcription factor GmNAC plays important roles in plant resistance to environmental stresses. In this study, GmNAC3 was cloned in the drought tolerant soybean variety “Jiyu47”, with the molecular properties of GmNAC3 characterized to establish its candidacy as a NAC transcription factor. The yeast self-activation experiments revealed the transcriptional activation activity of GmNAC3, which was localized in the nucleus by the subcellular localization analysis. The highest expression of GmNAC3 was detected in roots in the podding stage of soybean, and in roots of soybean seedlings treated with 20% PEG6000 for 12 h, which was 16 times higher compared with the control. In the transgenic soybean hairy roots obtained by the Agrobacterium-mediated method treated with 20% PEG6000 for 12 h, the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase and the content of proline were increased, the malondialdehyde content was decreased, and the expressions of stress resistance-related genes (i.e., APX2, LEA14, 6PGDH, and P5CS) were up-regulated. These expression patterns were confirmed by transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana with the overexpression of GmNAC3. This study provided strong scientific evidence to support further investigation of the regulatory function of GmNAC3 in plant drought resistance and the molecular mechanisms regulating the plant response to environmental stresses.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012378
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Low-End Lock-In of Chinese Equipment Manufacturing Industry and the Global Value Chain
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2020-04-08), p. 2981-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2020-04-08), p. 2981-
    Kurzfassung: This paper focuses on the low-end lock-in problem faced by China’s equipment manufacturing industry, which is heavily involved in the global value chain (GVC). Specifically, we use the production chain length system and total trade accounting framework to measure some physical and economic location indicators. The physical location measures the forward production length, backward production length, and the location index, whereas the economic location measures various types of value-added in industry exports. The results show that China’s equipment manufacturing industry has deepened its physical and economic low-end lock-in with the gradual deepening of China’s equipment manufacturing industry’s participation in GVC. From a segmented perspective, the manufacture of fabricated metal products (except machinery and equipment) and electrical equipment has the deepest degree of low-end lock-in physical location; the manufacture of computer, electronic, and optical products has the deepest degree of economic low-end lock-in. Therefore, China should accelerate its breakthroughs in the low-end locking dilemma and climb the GVC by adopting various measures such as accelerating the implementation of the intelligent manufacturing strategy, developing service-oriented equipment manufacturing industries, cultivating the domestic market, realizing low-carbon manufacturing, and improving enterprises’ independent innovation capabilities.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su12072981
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2518383-7
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Enhancement of the Perception of Saltiness by Odorants Selected from Chinese Douchi in Salt Solution
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Foods Vol. 11, No. 15 ( 2022-07-28), p. 2260-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 15 ( 2022-07-28), p. 2260-
    Kurzfassung: Douchi is a traditional fermented soya bean product that is popular for its smelled saltiness and unique flavor. In order to look for the relationship between smelled saltiness of volatiles and their saltiness-enhancing properties, gas chromatography-olfactometry/associated taste was used to select odorants associated with saltiness in Yongchuan Douchi. The enhancement effects of saltiness intensity by selected odorants were further verified by sensory evaluation analyses of 2-alternative forced-choice and odor-induced saltiness enhancement in a follow-up study. A total of 14 odorant compounds were selected for their odor-associated saltiness perception. The compounds of 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl pyrazine, 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, dimethyl trisulfide, 3-(methylthio) propanol and 3-(methylthio) propanal could significantly enhance saltiness perception in salt solution. Among them, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl pyrazine was reported for the first time to be able to improve the salty taste. The study suggested that salty food is an ideal material for selecting saltiness-enhancing odorants, which could provide more direct theoretical support for salt reduction in the food industry.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods11152260
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2704223-6
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Fabrication of Antimicrobial Peptide-Loaded PLGA/Chitosan Composite Microspheres for Long-Acting Bacterial Resistance
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Molecules Vol. 22, No. 10 ( 2017-09-29), p. 1637-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 10 ( 2017-09-29), p. 1637-
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101637
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2017
    ZDB Id: 2008644-1
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Characterization of the Key Aroma Compounds in Traditional Hunan Smoke-Cured Pork Leg (Larou, THSL) by Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis (AEDA), Odor Activity Value (OAV), and Sensory Evaluation Experiments
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Foods Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2020-04-02), p. 413-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2020-04-02), p. 413-
    Kurzfassung: The key aroma compounds in smoke-cured pork leg were characterized by gas chromatography–olfactometry coupled with aroma extract dilution analysis (GC–O/AEDA), odor activity value (OAV), recombination modeling, and omission tests. Ranking analysis showed that pork leg smoke-cured for 18 days had the best sensory qualities, with strong meaty, smoky, roasty, woody, and greasy attributes. Thirty-nine aroma-active regions with flavor dilution (FD) factors ranging from 9 to 6561 were detected. Overall, 3-ethylphenol had the highest FD factor of 6561, followed by 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 3,4-dimethylphenol, 4-ethylguaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol, 3-methylphenol, and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, with FD ≥243. Among 39 aroma compounds, 27 compounds with OAVs ≥1 and were potent odorants. A similarity of 90.73% between the recombination model and traditional Hunan Smoke-cured Pork Leg (THSL) sample was obtained. Omission tests further confirmed that (E)-2-nonenal, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, guaiacol, 3-ethylphenol, 2,6-dimethylphenol, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, and methional were key odorants in smoke-cured pork leg. Additionally, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (38.88 μg/kg), which contributes to a roasty aroma, was characterized here as a key odorant of smoke-cured pork leg for the first time.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods9040413
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2704223-6
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Characterization of the Role of the Neoxanthin Synthase Gene BoaNXS in Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Chinese Kale
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Genes Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2021-07-24), p. 1122-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2021-07-24), p. 1122-
    Kurzfassung: Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra) is rich in carotenoids, and neoxanthin is one of the most important carotenoids in Chinese kale. In this study, the function of the neoxanthin synthase gene (BoaNXS) in Chinese kale was investigated. BoaNXS, which had a 699-bp coding sequence, was cloned from the white flower cultivar of Chinese kale and was expressed in all developmental stages and organs of Chinese kale; its expression was highest in young seeds. The subcellular localization indicated that BoaNXS was localized in the chloroplast. BoaNXS-overexpressed plants were obtained via Agrobacterium-mediated transient overexpression methodology, and the gene overexpression efficiencies ranged from 2.10- to 4.24-fold. The color in the leaves of BoaNXS-overexpressed plants changed from green to yellow-green; the content of total and individual carotenoids, such as neoxanthin, violaxanthin, and lutein, was significantly increased, and the expression levels of most carotenoid biosynthetic genes were notably increased. These findings indicated that BoaNXS is of vital importance in carotenoid biosynthesis in Chinese kale and could be used as a candidate gene for enriching the carotenoid accumulation and color of Chinese kale and other Brassica vegetables.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes12081122
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2527218-4
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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