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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Investigation of Concentration and Distribution of Elements in Three Environmental Compartments in the Region of Mitrovica, Kosovo: Soil, Honey and Bee Pollen
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 5 ( 2021-02-25), p. 2269-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 5 ( 2021-02-25), p. 2269-
    Abstract: The abundances of selected elements in different environmental compartments, namely soil, honey, and bee pollen, was determined in this study. For that purpose, sixteen soil and honey samples, and nine pollen samples were taken in the region of Mitrovica, Kosovo. The concentration of elements was measured by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Pollution level concentrations of Pb, Zn, As, and Cd were observed in soil. The level of soil pollution was estimated by calculating pollution indices. Pb was also observed at high concentrations in honey, as was Cd and Pb in pollen. Pearson’s correlation coefficients revealed mostly weak and moderate correlations of the concentrations of the eight selected elements among the soil, honey, and pollen samples. Several groups of elements with geogenic and anthropogenic origin were identified by hierarchical cluster analysis. The concentrations of selected heavy metals for soil and honey were compared to those in neighboring countries, and those for pollen with samples from Turkey, Serbia, and Jordan.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052269
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Arsenic in Surface Soils Affected by Mining and Metallurgical Processing in K. Mitrovica Region, Kosovo
    MDPI AG ; 2010
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 7, No. 11 ( 2010-11-18), p. 4050-4061
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 11 ( 2010-11-18), p. 4050-4061
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph7114050
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Atmospheric Mercury Deposition in Macedonia from 2002 to 2015 Determined Using the Moss Biomonitoring Technique
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2020-12-21), p. 1379-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2020-12-21), p. 1379-
    Abstract: The moss biomonitoring technique was used in 2002, 2005, 2010 and 2015 in a potentially toxic elements study (PTEs) in Macedonia. For that purpose, more than 70 moss samples from two dominant species (Hypnum cupressiforme and Homalothecium lutescens) were collected during the summers of the mentioned years. Total digestion of the samples was done using a microwave digestion system, whilst mercury was analyzed by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CV–AAS). The content of mercury ranged from 0.018 mg/kg to 0.26 mg/kg in 2002, from 0.010 mg/kg to 0.42 mg/kg in 2005, from 0.010 mg/kg to 0.60 mg/kg in 2010 and from 0.020 mg/kg to 0.25 mg/kg in 2015. Analysis of the median values shows the increase of the content in the period 2002–2010 and a slight reduction of the air pollution with Hg in the period 2010–2015. Mercury distribution maps show that sites with increased concentrations of mercury in moss are likely impacted by anthropogenic pollution. The results were compared to similar studies done during the same years in neighboring countries and in Norway—which is a pristine area and serves as a reference, and it was concluded that mercury air pollution in Macedonia is significant primarily in industrialized regions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos11121379
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multi-Scale Application of Advanced ANN-MLP Model for Increasing the Large-Scale Improvement of Digital Data Visualisation Due to Anomalous Lithogenic and Anthropogenic Elements Distribution
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Minerals Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-01-29), p. 174-
    Details
    In: Minerals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-01-29), p. 174-
    Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to compare and improve spatial distributions models for Pb and Cu in air and soil using the universal kriging and ANN-MLP at the macro regional scale. For this purpose, both models have been applied for visualization of a spatial distribution of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) in a morphologically and geologically complex area. Two river basins in the eastern part of North Macedonia, have been selected as the main research region due to the extensive anthropogenic impact of long-lasting mining activities, with emphasis on the specific geochemistry of the area. Two environmental media (soil and moss) have been selected as they are much more available as space from biospheres submitted for destruction processes globally. Surface soil and moss as bio-indicator element measurements were submitted in correlation with geospatial data obtained from DEM, land cover data, and remote sensing, and are incorporated into spatial distribution mapping using an advanced prediction modeling technique, ANN-MPL. Both methods have been further compared and evaluated. The comparative data outputs have led to the general conclusion that ANN-MPL gives more realistic, reliable, and comprehensive results than the universal kriging method for the reconstruction of main distribution pathways. The more the factors influencing the process of distribution of the elements increase, the more the use of ANN-MPL improves.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-163X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/min12020174
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655947-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Estimation of Elements’ Concentration in Air in Kosovo through Mosses as Biomonitors
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2021-03-24), p. 415-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2021-03-24), p. 415-
    Abstract: Elements atmospheric deposition was studied by mosses method in Kosovo. Mosses are a very useful tool for atmospheric deposition of elements monitoring, owing to their physiological and morphological characteristics. Moss samples were collected from 45 locations, they were cleaned from leaves, twigs and other materials, they were grinded, digested in a microwave system and analyzed by spectroscopy Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). A total of 25 elements concentration in collected moss samples was determined: Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Sr, Ti, Tl, V and Zn. Extremely high concentrations of Pb and Zn were found in moss samples from the areas of Zveçan and Stanterg where the ore processing facilities are located, as well as the tailings landfill in Mitrovica which is nearby in the south, which reflects eminent air pollution. High concentrations of As and Cd were also measured in the same sampling points. The obtained results were processed by multivariate statistical analysis/factor analysis, which resulted in four factors, one anthropogenic and three geogenic or mixed geogenic-anthropogenic. The factor analysis revealed that the area with the highest atmospheric deposition of potentially toxic elements is the basin of Kosovo, from the north in Leposaviç to the south in Hani i Elezit because of the industrial plants laying in this line.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos12040415
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Atmospheric Heavy Metal Deposition in North Macedonia from 2002 to 2010 Studied by Moss Biomonitoring Technique
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2020-08-30), p. 929-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2020-08-30), p. 929-
    Abstract: Moss biomonitoring technique was used for a heavy-metal pollution study in Macedonia in the framework of the International Cooperative Program on Effects of Air Pollution on Natural Vegetation and Crops (UNECE IPC Vegetation). Moss samples (n = 72) were collected during the summers of 2002, 2005, and 2010. The contents of 41 elements were determined by neutron activation analysis, atomic absorption spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Using factor and cluster analyses, three geogenic factors were determined (Factor 1, including Al, As, Co, Cs, Fe, Hf, Na, Rb, Sc, Ta, Th, Ti, U, V, Zr, and rare-earth elements–RE; Factor 4 with Ba, K, and Sr; and Factor 5 with Br and I), one anthropogenic factor (Factor 2, including Cd, Pb, Sb, and Zn), and one geogenic-anthropogenic factor (Factor 3, including Cr and Ni). The highest anthropogenic impact of heavy metal to the air pollution in the country was from the ferronickel smelter near Kavadraci (Ni and Cr), the lead and zinc mines in the vicinity of Makedonska Kamenica, Probištip, and Kriva Palanka in the eastern part of the country (Cd, Pb, and Zn), and the former lead and zinc smelter plant in Veles. Beside the anthropogenic influences, the lithology and the composition of the soil also play an important role in the distribution of the elements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos11090929
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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