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  • Lahore Medical and Dental College  (24)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Awareness and Understanding of Diabetes Complications among Patients of Diabetes Mellitus
    Lahore Medical and Dental College ; 2022
    In:  Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2022-01-16), p. 92-95
    Details
    In: Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2022-01-16), p. 92-95
    Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an emergent threat to public health, causing a burden of devastating complications and related health issues. In the modern era, the management of DM has greatly depended on awareness and knowledge dissemination and patient education about its significance. Aim: To evaluated the awareness and understanding of DM complications among patients with diabetes. Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Family Medicine Clinics in Faisalabad from 1st Sep to 31st December 2020. Methodology: One thousand, one hundred and eighty diabetic patients with age over 14 years from urban and rural areas were included. Non-consenting and seriously ill patients were excluded. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire based on demographics, personal and familial diabetic history and diabetes complications-related awareness items were used. Results: 83.2% patients were symptomatic, and 16.3% had an incidental diagnosis. Most of these patients were suffering from type 2 DM, and more than 40% never had their HbA1c level checked. Comprehensive assessment of awareness relating to diabetes complications showed that 75.8% knew about muscle weakness, lower limb sensory defect (76.9%), eye problems (70.4%), infections (66.8%), foot complications like amputation (63.1%) and hypertension (62.9%). A significant association was found between age and diabetic history with respect to diagnosis and familial history of diabetes (p 〈 0.05). Moreover, the awareness of DM complications was significant among the patients aged 41 to 65 years (p 〈 0.05). Conclusion: Most of the enrolled patients were aware of complications of diabetes, including muscle weakness, lower limb sensory defect, eye problems, infections, foot complications like amputation and hypertension. Female gender and patients aged 41 to 65 years had a significantly greater understanding of diabetic complications. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Awareness, Complications, Clinical outcomes
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs21161
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2116
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2216192
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Lahore Medical and Dental College
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
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    Compare the Efficacy of Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Index (APRI) and FIB-4 with Transient Elastography: FibroScan in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
    Lahore Medical and Dental College ; 2022
    In:  Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Vol. 16, No. 7 ( 2022-07-30), p. 306-307
    Details
    In: Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Vol. 16, No. 7 ( 2022-07-30), p. 306-307
    Abstract: Objective: Compare the efficacy of aspartate aminotransferase in patients with chronic hepatitis with fibro scan to platelet index and FIB-4 with transient elastography. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place & Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Azhra Naheed Medical College, Lahore from 1st May 2020 to 31st October 2020. Methodology: Eleven hundred and fifty patients of both sexes were enrolled. Demographic patients after written consent have been registered. Both patients had a detailed history, clinical review and investigations designed to rule out misunderstanding and partiality in the findings of the research. The diagnosis was perfectly performed for continuing hepatitis C infection, which included various biochemical tests. We contrasted the efficiency of the readily available aspartate aminotrasnferase with the FIB-4 with fibro scansand platelet index for distinguishing progression of hepatitis C virus fibrosis. Results: Mean age of the patients was 39.14±14.68 years with mean BMI 22.68±9.14kg/m2. Seven hundred and thirty (63.5%) were females and 420 (36.5%) were males. Almost 70% of the HCV patients were on stage F0-F1 and 6.5% of the patients were in F2 stage and 15.7%, 16.97% of the patients were in F3 and F4. No significant difference was observed regarding mortality rate with p value 〈 0.05. Conclusion: Aspartate aminotransferase/platelet index and FIB4 are expected to reliably separate cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic stages from the expensive and unusual fibro scan rating of HCV infected patients. Keywords: Hepatitis C, Fibrosis, Liver, Aspartate aminostransferase (AST)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs22167
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2216
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs22167306
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Lahore Medical and Dental College
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
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    Hepatorenal Syndrome: Examine the Treatment Effectiveness of Terlipressin and Albumin
    Lahore Medical and Dental College ; 2022
    In:  Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Vol. 16, No. 7 ( 2022-07-30), p. 332-333
    Details
    In: Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Vol. 16, No. 7 ( 2022-07-30), p. 332-333
    Abstract: Objective: To find the efficacy of albumin and terlipressin in the management of hepatorenal syndrome. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Place and Duration Study: Department of Medicine, Bolan University of Medical & Health Sciences, Quetta from 1st March 2020 to 30th September 2020. Methodology: Eighty four patients of both the genders were enrolled. Complete demographic details regarding age, sex, gender, weight and height was noted. Study participants were divided into two groups; patients of group A received terlipressin with albumin whereas patients of group B only received albumin. Comparative results were obtained and effectiveness examined for 15 days. Results: Mean age of group A participants was42.38±8.46 years and there were 28% males and 62% female. Whereas in Group B, mean age of study participants was41.27±9.51 years and there were 54% males and 45% females. Similarly, mean BMI of group A and group B patients were 23.24±2.18kg/m2 and 22.18±2.24 kg/m2respectively. Almost 78% efficacy was observed in group A while only 47% was observed in group B. Conclusion: Higher effectiveness with terlipressin with albumin was observed in contrast to albumin alone. Keywords: Terlipressin, Efficacy, Albumin, Hepatorenal syndrome
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs22167
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2216
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs22167332
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Lahore Medical and Dental College
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
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    Surgical Outcome and Complication of Penile Fracture
    Lahore Medical and Dental College ; 2022
    In:  Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Vol. 16, No. 10 ( 2022-10-30), p. 982-984
    Details
    In: Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Vol. 16, No. 10 ( 2022-10-30), p. 982-984
    Abstract: Objective: The aim of current study is to determine the causes, symptoms of penile fracture and post-operative outcomes. Study Design: Prospective study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at multi centers at DHQ Teaching Hospital, KDA, Kohat and DHQ Hospital Batkhela during the period from February, 2022 to July, 2022. Methods: Total 30 patients had penile fracture were presented in this study. Included cases were aged between 20-50 years. After receiving informed written permission, detailed demographic information about the enrolled patients was compiled, including age, body mass index, place of residence, and marriage status. Causes and clinical features of fracture were assessed. Patients were underwent for surgery and success rate was observed. Post-treatment rate of complications among enrolled cases were also calculated. We used SPSS 22.0 version to analyze complete data Results: Included patients had mean age 35.7±12.32 years with mean BMI 24.7±4.31 kg/m2. Majority of the cases were married 26 (86.7%) and rest were unmarried 4 (13.3%). 12 (40%) patients had urban residency and majority were had rural 18 (60%). Most common cause of fracture was coital 20 (66.7%), followed by masturbation in 6 (20%) and 4 (13.3%) patients had manipulation during sleep. Deformity, swelling, detumescence and crackling sound was the most common symptoms. Right corpus was the most common tunical tear 24 (80%) and most common site was proximal 22 (73.3%). Success rate was found among 26 (86.7%) cases. Post-operatively complications were found among 5 (16.7%) cases in which plaques/ nodules, curvature, erectile dysfunction, pain and swelling were included. Conclusion: For the purposes of this study, we found the penis fracture to be a rather simple condition to diagnose. Cavernosography may be used to confirm a diagnosis if necessary. Penile fractures may be successfully treated with immediate primary surgical repair, resulting in normal erection without substantial sequelae. Short hospital stays and fast restoration of sexual function are common outcomes of this procedure. Keywords: Surgical Outcomes, Penile Fracture, Complications, Causes
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs221610
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2216
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs221610982
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Lahore Medical and Dental College
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 5
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    Efficacy Assessment of High Dose Colistin against Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria (CR-GNB) in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Non-Inferiority Trial
    Lahore Medical and Dental College ; 2021
    In:  Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Vol. 15, No. 10 ( 2021-10-30), p. 2848-2852
    Details
    In: Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Vol. 15, No. 10 ( 2021-10-30), p. 2848-2852
    Abstract: Background: Colistin is an effective treatment option, recommended for carbapenem resistant gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB) in critically ill patients. Due to high nephrotoxicity, dose management of Colistin is a tough decision to make. At standard dosage the efficacy of Colistin is not well defined. Consequently, strategies involving higher dosages were suggested. Objective: To evaluate the high dose of Colistin as non-inferior to standard dose in the treatment of CR-GNB in critically ill patients. Study Design: Retrospective comparative study Place and Duration of Study: Intensive Care Unit, King Saud Medical City Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2017. Methodology: One hundred and ninety two patients that met the inclusion criteria from all participants were further divided into two groups. Group H (High dose) given the high dose of Colistin (9 million units intravenously (IV) loading dose, and then 9 million units/day in 2 or three divided doses) whereas group S was administered with standard dose (no loading dose, 6 million units/day). The primary endpoint of the study was the assessment of nephrotoxicity after the start of Colistin and secondary endpoints were the mortality within 14 days of commencing Colistin along with clinical effects and microbial clearance upon completion of treatment. Results: The results of the study established the non-inferiority of high dose of Colistin for the renal safety and also showed significant improvement in microbial clearance and length of ICU stay as compared to the standard dose. The other secondary end points such as mortality (p = 0.99), length of hospital stay (p = 0.39), and global improvement (p value of 0.06) revealed no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: The high dose of Colistin for the treatment of carbapenem resistance gram negative bacilli (CRGNB) was as safe as the standard dose for renal safety. But we also found that it also accelerates microbial clearance and reduces the time spent in the intensive care unit. Key words: Colistin, Colestimethate sodium, Gram negative bacteraemia, Sepsis, Multi-drug resistant organisms, Acute kidney injury
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs211510
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2115
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2115102848
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Lahore Medical and Dental College
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 6
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    Serum Diethyl Phthalate Levels in Infertile Females with Endometriosis
    Lahore Medical and Dental College ; 2021
    In:  Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2021-12-10), p. 3214-3217
    Details
    In: Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2021-12-10), p. 3214-3217
    Abstract: Background: Endometriosis has a complex multifactorial pathophysiology and is a leading cause of female infertility. Emerging evidence suggests the role of endocrine disrupting chemicals and environmental factors such as Diethyl phthalate (DEP) in the pathophysiology of the disease. Aim: To investigate the serum DEP levels in females with infertility having endometriosis and normal healthy counter parts. Methods: Married females (n=50) age 20-40 years, diagnosed with endometriosis and having history of 〉 1 year of infertility, were selected as cases. Age matched women (n=50) with proven fertility and screened negative for endometriosis were included as controls. Females on any medicine, having co morbid conditions were also excluded from the study. DEP concentration in serum was determined by using High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Significantly higher levels (p=0.003) of DEP were seen in endometriosis females (3.76± 1.28 ng/ml) as compared to controls (2.61± 1.72 ng/ml). The comparison of DEP levels between different stages of endometriosis revealed an increasing, but no significant trend with advancement of the disease. Conclusion: High serum DEP levels in patients substantiate their role in disease pathophysiology. Therefore, it may be advisable to pay attention while using such compounds. There is an increased need to regulate the levels of such industrial compounds manufactured for daily use of human beings by efficient and judicious quality assurance plastics and by using the standards set by WHO and/or FDA. Keywords: Phthalate, Endometriosis, Diethyl phthalate, plasticizers, Infertility
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs211512
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2115
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2115123214
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Lahore Medical and Dental College
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 7
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    Frequency of hepatitis C virus infection in Type 2 Diabetic patients
    Lahore Medical and Dental College ; 2021
    In:  Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Vol. 15, No. 10 ( 2021-10-30), p. 3530-3532
    Details
    In: Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Vol. 15, No. 10 ( 2021-10-30), p. 3530-3532
    Abstract: Background: Infection caused by hepatitis C virus is common and important issue of public health in Pakistan. The risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hepatitis C virus has common association. Objectives: To find out the frequency of hepatitis C virus in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients and to assess the association between Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and hepatitis C virus. Methodology: This was descriptive study piloted at the Department of Medicine Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar for duration of one year. Totally, 157 type 2 diabetic patients were included. All information’s were documented on a prescribed Performa. Results: Out of 157 confirmed diabetic patients, 50 (31.85%) were seropositive for anti HCV antibodies while 107(68.15%) were negative. There were 48% males and 52% female in the entire study. Patient’s age ranged from 31 to 73years. The seroprevalence of HCV in female was 29(58%) while in male it was 21(42%). Conclusion: Our study concludes that HCV infection is highly prevalent in patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Chronic Hepatitis C, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Diabetes mellitus.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs211510
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2115
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2115103530
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Lahore Medical and Dental College
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 8
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    Frequency of Poor & Good Coronary Collateral Circulation in patients of Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction & to compare mean Platelet –Lymphocyte ratio with good & poor coronary collateral circulation
    Lahore Medical and Dental College ; 2022
    In:  Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Vol. 16, No. 2 ( 2022-02-26), p. 151-153
    Details
    In: Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Vol. 16, No. 2 ( 2022-02-26), p. 151-153
    Abstract: Background: Coronary collateral circulation (CCC) is a secondary source of blood supply to an ischemic myocardial area in coronary artery disease. One of the most important protective responses of the cardiac against ischemia is the development of CCC. Recently, platelet to lymphocyte ratio has emerged as a major inflammatory marker & a new predictor of serious unfavorable cardiovascular outcomes. Aim: To find the frequency of poor & good coronary collateral circulation in patients of Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction & to compare mean platelet–lymphocyte ratio in patients with poor & good coronary collateral circulation of Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Methodology: This cross Sectional study was conducted in Cardiology Department, Mayo Hospital Lahore After taking informed consent 150 patients meeting inclusion criteria was taken in this study. The patients were enrolled from Department Cardiology, Mayo Hospital Lahore. Their basic demographical information like age, gender and contact detail was obtained. Patients were labeled as according to CCC, one with Poor CCC and second with good CCC [as per operational definition]. All procedure was done by consultant cardiologist having more than 5 years of experience after post-graduation. Venous blood was collected from patients in sterilized manners by experienced staff nurse and was sent to hospital laboratory for analysis of PLR. PLR was compared in cases with good and poor CCC. Results:1The average age of cases was 52.41 ± 18.12 years with minimum and maximum age of 20 and 80 years. There were 96(64%) male and 54(36%) female cases in this study. A total of 33 (22%) cases had poor and 117(78%) cases had good CCC. The mean Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was 122.16 ± 30.10 with minimum and maximum PLR was 80.64 and 201.60. The mean PLR in cases with poor and good CCC was 165.95±21.93 and 109.81 ± 18.21 respectively, the mean PLR was highly significant in cases with Poor CCC when compared with good CCC, p-value 〈 0.0001. Conclusion: This study concludes that cases with poor CCC have higher PLR when compared to good CCC, so in future cases with higher PLR at admission can be predict for high risk patients for poor CCC. Using PLR (inexpensive and readily available) test we can hence, patients with NSTEMI can be prevented from morbidity & mortality by early and appropriate medications or interventions. Keywords Cardiology, Angiography, coronary artery disease, Low ejection fraction, coronary collateral circulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs22162
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2216
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs22162151
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Lahore Medical and Dental College
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 9
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    Correlation of Cultural Intelligence and Communication Skills of Pre and Post Covid Cohort Dental House Officers at Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan
    Lahore Medical and Dental College ; 2023
    In:  Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Vol. 17, No. 6 ( 2023-05-30), p. 294-297
    Details
    In: Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Vol. 17, No. 6 ( 2023-05-30), p. 294-297
    Abstract: Objective: The present study aims to determine the correlation between cultural intelligence & communication skills of Pre and Post Covid Cohort of Dental House officers (DHOs) at Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore Pakistan. Materials and Methods: The two-phase self–completion validated questionnaire-based correlational study was conducted on 120 dental house officers in two phases which includes Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS) and Galasko Communication Skills Scale (GCSS) followed by dental house officer CQ & CS assessment via dentist-patient interaction done on ACIR communication skills scale. 60 DHOs were those who were given face-to-face patient interaction there was no COVID lockdown restriction are considered as Pre Covid Cohort. However, 60 DHOs were those who didn’t get the opportunity of face-to-face interaction with the patients due to COVID lockdown thus considered as Post Covid Cohort. Data were collected and entered in the excel sheet and transferred to SPSS for statistical analysis. SPSS 26.0 version was used. Results: Statistically significant differences between pre and post covid HOs responses and later their interaction with patients was found. The Pearson collection of CQ & CS in pre covid was 0.687 whereas the Pearson collection of CQ & CS in post covid was 0.549. Conclusion: Overall results indicate that face-to-face patient interactions, professional education on these competencies, reflective practice, and role modeling, with clearly associated learning objectives and assessments, will improve future cultural intelligence and communication skills curricula in oral and dental health programs thus emphasizing the need to include CQ & CS contents in formal dental curricula. Keywords: Cultural intelligence, Communication skills, dental house officers, virtual learning
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023176
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs202317
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023176294
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Lahore Medical and Dental College
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 10
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    Dental Care use and Self-Reported Dental Problems in Children in Lahore, Pakistan
    Lahore Medical and Dental College ; 2023
    In:  Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Vol. 17, No. 2 ( 2023-02-28), p. 218-221
    Details
    In: Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Vol. 17, No. 2 ( 2023-02-28), p. 218-221
    Abstract: Objectives: Oral diseases affect a probable 90% of school children worldwide. Understanding the behaviours among children would give us the information required to create better health programmes. This cross-sectional research aims to assess oral health behaviours among school children. Methods: Data was collected using a WHO oral health questionnaire for children and 527 students participated from four schools in Lahore. Results: The research shows that in schools in Lahore, there are still 29.5% of students who are irregular in their brushing habits. The use of toothpaste was widespread although information on fluoride in toothpaste was limited. Students regularly took milk and tea with added sugar (43.9% and 49.2%). Fresh fruit consumption was 22%. According to regression analysis, females were 1.96 times more likely to be made fun of their teeth when compared to males. Higher parental education brought about significantly better brushing habits but also significantly higher odds for eating candies and sweets (1.29) and lower odds (0.57) for eating fresh fruits. High consumption of sugary foods was related to more dental visits. Practical implication & Conclusion: Self-assessed dental health is positive amongst the students in Lahore. However, this research indicates a significant portion of the students have irregular oral hygiene practices and sporadic dental visitation. Oral health education should be incorporated into the school environment with the support of teachers and parents so that it becomes a lifetime practice. Keywords: Child oral health, WHO oral health questionnaire, Fresh fruit consumption.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023172
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs202317
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2023172218
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Lahore Medical and Dental College
    Publication Date: 2023
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