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  • 1
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    Internal wave kinematics in the upper tropical Atlantic (1980)
    Pergamon Press
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part A: Oceanographic Research Papers, 26 (Suppl. 1). pp. 161-189.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-04
    Description: Horizontal velocity and temperature measurements observed from a two-dimensional array of moored instruments, mooring Fl, are analysed to describe the near-surface internal wave field in the GATE (GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment) C-scale area. Spectral properties indicate strong deviations from the Garrett and Munk (1972, 1975) deep ocean internal wave models. The frequency spectrum in the upper pycnocline is dominated by three energetic bands centered at 0.0127 (inertial frequency), 0.08 (M2-tidal frequency) and 3 cph. The latter frequency band does not correspond to the local Brunt Väisälä frequency (〈 10 cph) and contains about one half of the total internal wave energy of fluctuations with periods less than 10 hours. Cross-spectral analysis of the high frequency internal waves yields corresponding wavelengths of order 1 km consistent with westward propagating first mode wave groups, if the effect of Doppler shift due to a strong mean current is taken into account
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-4832-8366-1.50014-5
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Wind-driven inertial waves observed during Phase III of GATE (1980)
    Pergamon Press
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part A: Oceanographic Research Papers, 26A (Suppl. 1). pp. 217-224.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-04
    Description: Current and wind stress time series obtained from the F1-mooring are analysed with the aim of examining linear correspondences and testing the adequacy of linear coupling models at near-inertial frequencies. Significant linear correlations are found in the data set which are consistent with a linear winddriven model of the current system. The current in the mixed layer can be described by inertial oscillations directly forced by the local wind stress. A wind-driven simulation model of the mixed layer currents yields an energy input of 3.10-3 W/m2. The current in the thermocline can be described by a linear internal wave field of downward propagating wave groups driven via Ekman suction by the wind stress field. Internal waves are generated at a rate of 10-3 W/m2, consistently estimated from both kinematic and dynamic considerations.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-4832-8366-1.50015-7
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    A note on near-surface VACM measurements made from three different kinds of surface moorings (1980)
    Pergamon Press
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part A: Oceanographic Research Papers, 26A (Suppl. 1). pp. 217-224.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-04
    Description: During a multi-institutional air-sea interaction experiment (GATE) in the central Atlantic North Equatorial Countercurrent in September 1974, vector-averaging current meter (VACM) measurements were made within the 30-m thick mixed layer from three different types of surface moorings. The moorings consisted of a single-point taut-line flexible mooring (E3), a spar-buoy (El), and a 2-legged mooring (Fl). Although the kinetic energy density spectral estimates of the E3, El, and Fl records in the low frequency range were equivalent with 95% confidence, the mean progressive vector diagrams differed by 6 % in length and 4 in direction. At frequencies above 1 cph the variances of the 7.2 m Fl current vectors were about 1.5 times larger than the 7.6 m E3 data and the spectral levels of the 20 m El and 21.4 m E3 record were equivalent, suggesting that VACM current vectors recorded near the surface beneath a surface-following buoy do not contain detectable amounts of aliased high-frequency mooring motion.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Modeling the oceanic mixed-layer and effects of deep convection (1998)
    Kluwer
    In:  In: Buoyant Convection in Geophysical Flows. , ed. by Plate, E. J. Kluwer, Norwell, Mass., pp. 157-183.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-06
    Description: Progress in modeling the oceanic circulation has been achieved in the last few years by increasing the speed of computers and by refining modeling techniques. The dynamics of major current systems such as the Gulfstream-North Atlantic Current and their corresponding eddy variability is reasonably well understood [58, 32]. Climate models predict global warming as a result of increasing CO2 in the atmosphere and forecast El Nino events in the equatorial Pacific [50]. Freshwater imbalances in the deep convection regions of the polar and subpolar regions of the North Atlantic result in alternating multiple equilibrium states of the global thermohaline vertical circulation - the ”conveyor belt” [53]. On the other hand, large scale modeling relies heavily on the parametrization of ”subgrid” processes. This is especially true for the oceanic boundary layer. Here the modeling suffers from inappropriate information on the fluxes at the air-sea interface. Most coupled models with simplified fluxes do not represent the surface temperature well enough and water mass characteristics drift away from the initial state. Restoring conditions at the sea surface are needed to force the model back to the observations. The fluxes analyzed from runs with restoring conditions show substantial errors. It is evident that progress in the reliability of long-term predictions of climate variations can only be made with a better representation of mixed layer dynamics.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-5058-3_7
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 5
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    Calculations of the energy transfer by the wind to near-inertial waves (1979)
    Pergamon Press
    In:  Deep Sea Research Part A: Oceanographic Research Papers, 26 (2). pp. 227-232.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-04
    Description: The energy transfer by the wind to near-inertial internal waves is discussed using a theoretical model developed by Käse and TangJournal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 33, 2323–2328, (1976). The model transfer at the inertial frequency is View the MathML source, where F is the wind stress spectrum and Lj is an integral length scale defined by equation (6). It is shown that significant transfer rates of order 1 erg cm−2s−1 as observed for example by LeamanJournal of Physical Oceanography, 6, 894–908 (1976) could be generated by moderate winds in case of small vertical scales Lj, which are the consequence of a mixed layer above a sharp thermocline.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/0198-0149(79)90078-5
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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