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  • Journal of Sports Science and Medicine  (5)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Foam Rolling Duration on Tissue Stiffness and Perfusion: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial
    Journal of Sports Science and Medicine ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
    Details
    In: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
    Abstract: Despite its beneficial effects on flexibility and muscle soreness, there is still conflicting evidence regarding dose-response relationships and underlying mechanisms of foam rolling (FR). This study aimed to investigate the impact of different FR protocols on tissue perfusion and tissue stiffness. In a randomized crossover trial, two FR protocols (2x1 min, 2x3 min) were applied to the right anterior thigh of twenty healthy volunteers (11 females, 25 ± 4 years). Tissue perfusion (near infrared spectroscopy, NIRS) and stiffness (Tensiomyography, TMG and Myotonometry, MMT) were assessed before and after FR application. Variance analyses revealed a significant interaction of FR duration and tissue perfusion (F[1,19] = 7.098, p = 0.015). Local blood flow increased significantly from pre to post test (F[1,19] = 7.589, p = 0.013), being higher (Δ +9.7%) in the long-FR condition than in the short-FR condition (Δ +2.8%). Tissue stiffness (MMT) showed significant main effects for time (F[1,19] = 12.074, p = 0.003) and condition (F[1,19] = 7.165, p = 0.015) with decreases after short-FR (Δ -1.6%) and long-FR condition (Δ -1.9%). However, there was no time*dose-interaction (F[1,19] = 0.018, p = 0.895). No differences were found for TMG (p 〉 0.05). FR-induced changes failed to exceed the minimal detectable change threshold (MDC). Our data suggest that increased blood flow and altered tissue stiffness may mediate the effects of FR although statistical MDC thresholds were not achieved. Longer FR durations seem to be more beneficial for perfusion which is of interest for exercise professionals designing warm-up and cool-down regimes. Further research is needed to understand probable effects on parasympathetic outcomes representing systemic physiological responses to locally applied FR stimulations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1303-2968
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.52082/jssm
    DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.626
    Language: English
    Publisher: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2075564-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Maximal Eccentric Exercise on Deep Fascia Stiffness of the Knee Flexors: A Pilot Study using Shear-Wave Elastography
    Journal of Sports Science and Medicine ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
    Details
    In: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
    Abstract: The deep fascia is intimately linked to skeletal muscle and may be involved in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). The present study therefore explored the effect of eccentric exercise on fascia stiffness and its relation with DOMS. Healthy active male adults (n = 19, 27 ± 4 years) performed 6 x 10 maximal eccentric knee flexions using an isokinetic dynamometer. Before (baseline) as well as immediately (T0), 1 hour (T1), and each day up to 72 hours (T24 to T72) afterwards, shear wave elastography was used to measure the mechanical stiffness of the biceps femoris muscle and the overlying fascia. As a surrogate of DOMS, pain upon palpation was captured by means of a 100mm visual analogue scale. While muscle stiffness remained unchanged (p 〉 0.05), deep fascia stiffness increased from baseline to T24 (median: 18 kPa to 21.12 kPa, p = 0.017) and T72 (median: 18 kPa to 21.3 kPa, p = 0.001) post-exercise. Linear regression showed an association of stiffness changes at T24 and pressure pain at T72 (r2 = 0.22, p 〈 0.05). Maximal eccentric exercise leads to a stiffening of the fascia, which, in turn, is related to the magnitude of future DOMS. Upcoming research should therefore gauge the effectiveness of interventions modifying the mechanical properties of the connective tissue in order to accelerate recovery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1303-2968
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.52082/jssm
    DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.419
    Language: English
    Publisher: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2075564-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sex Differences in the Mechanical and Neurophysiological Response to Roller Massage of the Plantar Flexors
    Journal of Sports Science and Medicine ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
    Details
    In: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
    Abstract: Self-massage using foam rollers, sticks, or balls has become a popular technique to enhance joint range of motion (ROM). Although increases are reported to be larger in females than males, the mechanisms of this observation are unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of roller massage (RM) on ROM, passive tissue stiffness, and neurophysiological markers as a function of sex. Males (n = 15, 22.8 ± 2.9 yrs.) and females (n = 14, 21.1 ± 0.7 yrs.) performed three 60-second bouts of calf RM. Outcomes assessed pre-, and post-intervention included passive dorsiflexion (DF) ROM, passive tissue stiffness, passive torque, DF angle at the first stretch sensation, shear elastic modulus, and spinal excitability. DF ROM (+35.9 %), passive torque at DF ROM (+46.4 %), DF angle at first stretch sensation (+32.9 %), and pain pressure threshold (+25.2 %) increased in both groups (p 〈 .05) with no differences between males and females (p 〉 0.05). No changes were observed for passive stiffness, shear elastic modulus, and spinal excitability (p 〉 0.05). Roller massage may increase ROM independently of sex, which, in the present study, could not be ascribed to alterations in passive stiffness or neurophysiological markers. Future studies may further elucidate the role of sensory alterations as possible factors driving RM-induced changes in flexibility.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1303-2968
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.52082/jssm
    DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.665
    Language: English
    Publisher: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2075564-8
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Maximal Eccentric Trunk Extensor Exercise on Lumbar Extramuscular Connective Tissue: A Matched-Pairs Ultrasound Study
    Journal of Sports Science and Medicine ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
    Details
    In: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
    Abstract: Recently, it has been shown that the extramuscular connective tissue (ECT) is likely involved in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of maximal trunk extension eccentric exercise (EE) on ECT thickness, self-reported DOMS, ECT stiffness, skin temperature, and possible correlations between these outcomes. Healthy adults (n = 16, 29.34 ± 9.87 years) performed fatiguing EE of the trunk. A group of highly active individuals (TR, n = 8, 〉 14 h of sport per week) was compared with a group of less active individuals (UTR, n = 8, 〈 2 h of sport per week). Ultrasound measurements of ECT thickness, stiffness with MyotonPro and IndentoPro, skin temperature with infrared thermography, and pain on palpation (100 mm visual analog scale, VAS) as a surrogate for DOMS were recorded before (t0), immediately (t1), 24 h (t24), and 48 h (t48) after EE. ECT thickness increased after EE from t0 to t24 (5.96 mm to 7.10 mm, p = 0.007) and from t0 to t48 (5.96 mm to 7.21 mm, p 〈 0.001). VAS also increased from t0 to t24 (15.6 mm to 23.8 mm, p 〈 0.001) and from t0 to t48 (15.6 mm to 22.8 mm, p 〈 0.001). Skin temperature increased from t1 to t24 (31.6° Celsius to 32.7° Celsius, p = 0.032) and t1 to t48 (31.6° Celsius to 32.9° Celsius, p = 0.003), while stiffness remained unchanged (p 〉 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed no linear relationship between the outcomes within the 48-hour measurement period. The results may confirm previous findings of possible ECT involvement in the genesis of DOMS in the extremities also for the paraspinal ECT of trunk extensors. Subsequent work should focus on possible interventions targeting the ECT to prevent or reduce DOMS after strenuous muscle EE.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1303-2968
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.52082/jssm
    DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.446
    Language: English
    Publisher: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2075564-8
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Maximal Eccentric Trunk Extensor Exercise on Lumbar Extramuscular Connective Tissue: A Matched-Pairs Ultrasound Study
    Journal of Sports Science and Medicine ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
    Details
    In: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
    Abstract: Recently, it has been shown that the extramuscular connective tissue (ECT) is likely involved in delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of maximal trunk extension eccentric exercise (EE) on ECT thickness, self-reported DOMS, ECT stiffness, skin temperature, and possible correlations between these outcomes. Healthy adults (n = 16, 29.34 ± 9.87 years) performed fatiguing EE of the trunk. A group of highly active individuals (TR, n = 8, 〉 14 h of sport per week) was compared with a group of less active individuals (UTR, n = 8, 〈 2 h of sport per week). Ultrasound measurements of ECT thickness, stiffness with MyotonPro and IndentoPro, skin temperature with infrared thermography, and pain on palpation (100 mm visual analog scale, VAS) as a surrogate for DOMS were recorded before (t0), immediately (t1), 24 h (t24), and 48 h (t48) after EE. ECT thickness increased after EE from t0 to t24 (5.96 mm to 7.10 mm, p = 0.007) and from t0 to t48 (5.96 mm to 7.21 mm, p 〈 0.001). VAS also increased from t0 to t24 (15.6 mm to 23.8 mm, p 〈 0.001) and from t0 to t48 (15.6 mm to 22.8 mm, p 〈 0.001). Skin temperature increased from t1 to t24 (31.6° Celsius to 32.7° Celsius, p = 0.032) and t1 to t48 (31.6° Celsius to 32.9° Celsius, p = 0.003), while stiffness remained unchanged (p 〉 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed no linear relationship between the outcomes within the 48-hour measurement period. The results may confirm previous findings of possible ECT involvement in the genesis of DOMS in the extremities also for the paraspinal ECT of trunk extensors. Subsequent work should focus on possible interventions targeting the ECT to prevent or reduce DOMS after strenuous muscle EE.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1303-2968
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.52082/jssm
    DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.447
    Language: English
    Publisher: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2075564-8
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
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