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  • MDPI Publishing  (6)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)  (4)
  • The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)  (4)
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Years
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray topographic dislocation contrast visible in reflections orthogonal to the Burgers vectors of axial screw dislocations in hexagonal silicon carbide (2001)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 34 (2001), S. 20-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Contrast is associated with micropipes in X-ray topographs of SiC crystals obtained with prismatic reflections, representing an apparent violation of the g·b = 0 invisibility criterion. This is explained as a population of basal-plane dislocations with Burgers vectors of the set b = {\textstyle{1 \over 3}}〈11{\bar{2}}0〉 that occur in a high density within a few micrometers of the micropipes, below the resolution of X-ray topography. These basal-plane dislocations could be observed under an electron microscope. The presence of the surfaces of the micropipes influences the dislocation images in the topographs taken with prismatic reflections, often resulting in a band of light contrast along the axes of the micropipes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889800017027
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Harmonic composition of synchrotron white-beam X-ray topographic back-reflection images of basal-cut silicon carbide single-crystal wafers (1998)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 31 (1998), S. 820-822 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Superscrew dislocations are visible in back-reflection synchrotron white-beam X-ray topographs of basal-cut SiC wafers in striking contrast as black rings surrounding white circles, even though such topographs suffer from extensive harmonic contamination. The contributions to the synchrotron white-beam topograph of each member of its series of harmonic reflections, {\bf g}=(0006n), where n=3 to 16, were calculated. Through intensity considerations and comparison with a {\bf g}=00018 topograph taken with Cu Kα1 radiation, the {\bf g}=00024 harmonic was determined to be the most important contributor. The contrast of features lying deep beneath the crystal's surface was attributed to higher harmonics with larger penetration depths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889898004683
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superscrew dislocation contrast on synchrotron white-beam topographs: an accurate description of the direct dislocation image (1999)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 32 (1999), S. 516-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A kinematic (geometrical) diffraction simulation model has been developed to provide understanding of direct dislocation images on synchrotron white-beam X-ray topographs, and has been successfully applied to illustrate the contrast formation mechanisms involved in images of micropipe-related superscrew dislocations in silicon carbide crystals. The coincidence of the simulations with the contrast features of the superscrew dislocation images, recorded using a series of synchrotron topography techniques, shows that this model is capable of revealing the detailed diffraction behavior of the highly distorted region around the dislocation core and determining the quantitative characteristics of the dislocations. The simulation technique is thus demonstrated to be a simple but efficient method for interpretation of synchrotron topographs, and may be applied to explain the topographic contrast characters of general crystal defects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889899002939
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of human RCC1, the regulator of chromosome condensation (1999)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 55 (1999), S. 272-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: RCC1, the regulator of chromosome condensation, is the guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF) of the GTP-binding protein Ran. Its GEF activity on Ran makes it a key element in nucleo-cytoplasmic transport and cell-cycle regulation. Crystals of human RCC1 suitable for X-ray analysis have been obtained using the seeding technique in hanging drops with sodium citrate as a precipitant. The crystals diffract to 1.7 Å at 100 K and belong to the space group P1, with unit-cell parameters a = 49.5, b = 84.3, c = 84.9 Å, α = 113.0, β = 103.9,γ = 103.3°. The Matthews parameter (Vm) and the self-rotation function are consistent with three molecules in the unit cell, which is confirmed by the averaged single isomorphous replacement (SIR) electron-density map.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0907444998007768
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
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    A {mu}O-Conotoxin with Improved Potency for NaV1.8 [Neurobiology] (2016)
    The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-28
    Description: The μO-conotoxins MrVIA, MrVIB, and MfVIA inhibit the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.8, a well described target for the treatment of pain; however, little is known about the residues or structural elements that define this activity. In this study, we determined the three-dimensional structure of MfVIA, examined its membrane binding properties, performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis, and identified residues important for its activity at human NaV1.8. A second round of mutations resulted in (E5K,E8K)MfVIA, a double mutant with greater positive surface charge and greater affinity for lipid membranes compared with MfVIA. This analogue had increased potency at NaV1.8 and was analgesic in the mouse formalin assay.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9258
    Electronic ISSN: 1083-351X
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
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  • 6
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    Inhibitory Activity of hNaV1.7 by ProTx-II, the Membrane Link [Lipids] (2016)
    The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-13
    Description: ProTx-II is a disulfide-rich peptide toxin from tarantula venom able to inhibit the human voltage-gated sodium channel 1.7 (hNaV1.7), a channel reported to be involved in nociception, and thus it might have potential as a pain therapeutic. ProTx-II acts by binding to the membrane-embedded voltage sensor domain of hNaV1.7, but the precise peptide channel-binding site and the importance of membrane binding on the inhibitory activity of ProTx-II remain unknown. In this study, we examined the structure and membrane-binding properties of ProTx-II and several analogues using NMR spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance, fluorescence spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations. Our results show a direct correlation between ProTx-II membrane binding affinity and its potency as an hNaV1.7 channel inhibitor. The data support a model whereby a hydrophobic patch on the ProTx-II surface anchors the molecule at the cell surface in a position that optimizes interaction of the peptide with the binding site on the voltage sensor domain. This is the first study to demonstrate that binding of ProTx-II to the lipid membrane is directly linked to its potency as an hNaV1.7 channel inhibitor.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9258
    Electronic ISSN: 1083-351X
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
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  • 7
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    A Toxoplasma Target for Acyl-protein Thioesterase Inhibitors [Membrane Biology] (2013)
    The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-21
    Description: In eukaryotic organisms, cysteine palmitoylation is an important reversible modification that impacts protein targeting, folding, stability, and interactions with partners. Evidence suggests that protein palmitoylation contributes to key biological processes in Apicomplexa with the recent palmitome of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum reporting over 400 substrates that are modified with palmitate by a broad range of protein S-acyl transferases. Dynamic palmitoylation cycles require the action of an acyl-protein thioesterase (APT) that cleaves palmitate from substrates and conveys reversibility to this posttranslational modification. In this work, we identified candidates for APT activity in Toxoplasma gondii. Treatment of parasites with low micromolar concentrations of β-lactone- or triazole urea-based inhibitors that target human APT1 showed varied detrimental effects at multiple steps of the parasite lytic cycle. The use of an activity-based probe in combination with these inhibitors revealed the existence of several serine hydrolases that are targeted by APT1 inhibitors. The active serine hydrolase, TgASH1, identified as the homologue closest to human APT1 and APT2, was characterized further. Biochemical analysis of TgASH1 indicated that this enzyme cleaves substrates with a specificity similar to APTs, and homology modeling points toward an APT-like enzyme. TgASH1 is dispensable for parasite survival, which indicates that the severe effects observed with the β-lactone inhibitors are caused by the inhibition of non-TgASH1 targets. Other ASH candidates for APT activity were functionally characterized, and one of them was found to be resistant to gene disruption due to the potential essential nature of the protein.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9258
    Electronic ISSN: 1083-351X
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
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  • 8
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    Remote Sensing, Vol. 6, Pages 1739-1759: GIS-Based Roughness Derivation for Flood Simulations: A Comparison of Orthophotos, LiDAR and Crowdsourced Geodata (2014)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-25
    Description: Natural disasters like floods are a worldwide phenomenon and a serious threat to mankind. Flood simulations are applications of disaster control, which are used for the development of appropriate flood protection. Adequate simulations require not only the geometry but also the roughness of the Earth’s surface, as well as the roughness of the objects hereon. Usually, the floodplain roughness is based on land use/land cover maps derived from orthophotos. This study analyses the applicability of roughness map derivation approaches for flood simulations based on different datasets: orthophotos, LiDAR data, official land use data, OpenStreetMap data and CORINE Land Cover data. Object-based image analysis is applied to orthophotos and LiDAR raster data in order to generate land cover maps, which enable a roughness parameterization. The vertical vegetation structure within the LiDAR point cloud is used to derive an additional floodplain roughness map. Further roughness maps are derived from official land use data, OpenStreetMap and CORINE Land Cover datasets. Six different flood simulations are applied based on one elevation data but with the different roughness maps. The results of the hydrodynamic–numerical models include information on flow velocity and water depth from which the additional attribute flood intensity is calculated of. The results based on roughness maps derived from LiDAR data and OpenStreetMap data are comparable, whereas the results of the other datasets differ significantly.
    Electronic ISSN: 2072-4292
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 9
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    IJERPH, Vol. 11, Pages 7896-7917: The Historical Distribution of Main Malaria Foci in Spain as Related to Water Bodies (2014)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-07
    Description: The possible connectivity between the spatial distribution of water bodies suitable for vectors of malaria and endemic malaria foci in Southern Europe is still not well known. Spain was one of the last countries in Western Europe to be declared free of malaria by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1964. This study combines, by means of a spatial-temporal analysis, the historical data of patients and deceased with the distribution of water bodies where the disease-transmitting mosquitos proliferate. Therefore, data from historical archives with a Geographic Information System (GIS), using the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method, was analyzed with the aim of identifying regional differences in the distribution of malaria in Spain. The reasons, why the risk of transmission is concentrated in specific regions, are related to worse socioeconomic conditions (Extremadura), the presence of another vector (Anopheles labranchiae) besides A. atroparvus (Levante) or large areas of water bodies in conditions to reproduce theses vectors (La Mancha and Western Andalusia). In the particular case of Western Andalusia, in 1913, the relatively high percentage of 4.73% of the surface, equal to 202362 ha, corresponds to wetlands and other unhealthy water bodies. These wetlands have been reduced as a result of desiccation policies and climate change such as the Little Ice Age and Global Climate Change. The comprehension of the main factors of these wetland changes in the past can help us interpret accurately the future risk of malaria re-emergence in temperate latitudes, since it reveals the crucial role of unhealthy water bodies on the distribution, endemicity and eradication of malaria in southern Europe.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 10
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    Energies, Vol. 11, Pages 645: Sucrose Is a Promising Feedstock for the Synthesis of the Platform Chemical Hydroxymethylfurfural (2018)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Energies
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-14
    Description: Energies, Vol. 11, Pages 645: Sucrose Is a Promising Feedstock for the Synthesis of the Platform Chemical Hydroxymethylfurfural Energies doi: 10.3390/en11030645 Authors: David Steinbach Andrea Kruse Jörg Sauer Philipp Vetter Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has an outstanding position among bio-based platform chemicals, because high-value polymer precursors and fuel additives can be derived from HMF. Unfortunately, the large-scale industrial production of HMF is not yet realized. An open research question is the choice of hexose feedstock material. In this study, we used the highly available disaccharide sucrose for HMF synthesis. The conversion of sucrose was catalyzed by sulfuric acid in water media. Experiments were conducted at temperatures of 180, 200, and 220 °C with reaction times of 2–24 min. A carbon balance showed that the yield of unwanted side products rose strongly with temperature. We also developed a kinetic model for the conversion of sucrose, involving nine first-order reactions, to uncover the kinetics of the main reaction pathways. Within this model, HMF is produced exclusively via the dehydration of fructose. Glucose isomerizes slowly to fructose. Side products arise simultaneously from glucose, fructose, and HMF. A pathway from hexoses to xylose via reverse aldol reaction was also included in the model. We believe that sucrose is the ideal feedstock for large-scale production of HMF because it is more abundant than fructose, and easier to process than sugars obtained from lignocellulosic biomass.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1073
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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