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  • Intellect  (6)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intellect ; 2018
    In:  Metal Music Studies Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2018-03-01), p. 175-186
    In: Metal Music Studies, Intellect, Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2018-03-01), p. 175-186
    Abstract: There has been an increased interest in and attention to the integration of local culture into the metal music, including metal being produced in Puerto Rico. During the 1990s, the metal genre, a musical style still perceived as a foreign (read: US) entity, incorporated Puerto Rican culture to its musical output in a celebratory manner. This tendency has changed, however, and today the scene is experiencing a thematic consolidation through lyrics and imagery that moves away from the celebratory strategies, opting instead for a more critical perspective regarding local culture. This article documents how the metal community in Puerto Rico has brought together metal music and local culture in a critical manner by emphasizing the reformulation of local elements. We undertook a case study that includes tools such as interviews and the analysis of visual documents. While cultural productions have usually been received by local audiences in an irreflexive and celebratory manner, more recently, the genre has produced music and art that use cultural elements to question this traditional manner of reception, highlighting through a critical gaze the way in which cultural productions have also alluded to morbid and grim fascinations. This examination will focus on the vejigante, a figure greatly depicted throughout cultural celebrations and in the arts in Puerto Rico. We discuss the way in which metal music employs its cultural production as a reflection of the dark side of Puerto Rican society, a topic which the majority of the population would rather leave untouched.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2052-3998 , 2052-4005
    Language: English
    Publisher: Intellect
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intellect ; 2018
    In:  Metal Music Studies Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2018-03-01), p. 165-174
    In: Metal Music Studies, Intellect, Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2018-03-01), p. 165-174
    Abstract: La integración de la cultura local al metal hecho en Puerto Rico ha ganado interés y atención en las pasadas décadas. Durante la década de los 90 el metal, aún visto como una entidad foránea y estadounidense, integraba la cultura puertorriqueña a su música de forma celebratoria. Esto ha cambiado recientemente y hoy se experimenta una integración temática a través de líricas y arte visual que se distancian de dichas estrategias celebratorias y asumen una perspectiva más crítica sobre la cultura local. El objetivo de este trabajo fue documentar cómo la comunidad metalera de Puerto Rico ha integrado la cultura local al metal de modo crítico mediante una reformulación de los elementos locales. Implementamos un estudio de caso con técnicas de entrevista y análisis de documentos visuales. Aunque usualmente las producciones culturales son recibidas irreflexivamente y de manera celebratoria, recientemente el metal produce música y arte con elementos culturales que critican dicho acercamiento y destacan críticamente el modo en que las producciones culturales también aluden a la morbosidad y a lo oscuro. Examinamos dicha caracterización a través de la figura del vejigante usada en festivales culturales y en las artes plásticas en Puerto Rico. Discutimos el modo en que el metal utiliza la producción cultural como reflejo de un lado oscuro de lo social en Puerto Rico; un tema del cual la mayor parte de la población preferiría no hablar.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2052-3998 , 2052-4005
    Language: English
    Publisher: Intellect
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 3
    In: Metal Music Studies, Intellect, Vol. 2, No. 3 ( 2016-09-01), p. 273-290
    Abstract: Research on small heavy metal (HM) scenes throughout the world has mostly used ethnographic and qualitative approaches to richly describe the scene and its members. As these research efforts continue to grow around the world, methodological strategies have the opportunity to become more pluralistic and tailored to particular settings. In this article, we highlight and discuss the methodological strategies implemented by our team when engaging in research with small HM scenes in the Caribbean region and discuss the benefits and challenges of such an approach. We discuss the implementation of a mixed-methods design using ethnographic observation, qualitative interviews, surveys and documentary film-making as techniques for data gathering and sharing. We discuss this process through three stages: (1) entrance (implications for the initial incursion within these small scenes); (2) evolution (the expansion of research possibilities once communal involvement is achieved); and (3) permanence (giving back to the community via systematic sharing of study results). As research with small scenes throughout the world continues to expand, we understand that scholars will benefit from frequent discussions on the methodological components of their studies. We propose that this discussion should not aim to establish a static set of rules on how to engage in research in these scenarios but, on the contrary, foster the development of living guidelines that can be modified as research ventures expand throughout the world.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2052-3998 , 2052-4005
    Language: English
    Publisher: Intellect
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 4
    In: Metal Music Studies, Intellect, Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2014-10-01), p. 87-103
    Abstract: Heavy metal music has constantly been under scrutiny due to its perceived negative effects on its listeners. Quantitative research has focused on heavy metal music as a risk factor for mental health problems and antisocial behaviour. This research agenda has neglected to explore and quantitatively document how the music can foster positive outcomes among its listeners, in particular a strong sense of community. Fans and producers of heavy metal music constantly reference community as an important aspect of the sonic experience. Still, few studies have addressed the communal experience in heavy metal music from a quantitative perspective. Therefore, the specific aims of this study were to (1) document levels of sense of community among members of the Local Metal Scene (LMS) in Puerto Rico, (2) explore differences on sense of community among core scene members and those at its periphery, and (3) explore predictive variables that can explain sense of community among its members. We present data from a larger study of the metal scene in Puerto Rico, which used a mixed methods approach including ethnographic observations, qualitative interviews and surveys with members of Puerto Rico’s metal scene. Results evidence high levels of sense of community, with existing differences among members of the same scene. Furthermore, our results identify six predictive variables of importance for sense of community among the LMS in Puerto Rico.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2052-3998 , 2052-4005
    Language: English
    Publisher: Intellect
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intellect ; 2018
    In:  Metal Music Studies Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2018-03-01), p. 197-208
    In: Metal Music Studies, Intellect, Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2018-03-01), p. 197-208
    Abstract: Metal music is a global phenomenon, and research addressing its development throughout the world should focus on the local and regional factors that help shape it. The Dominican Republic saw the emergence of a local metal scene in the early 1980s. Unlike other scenes in the Caribbean region, the local media outlets (i.e. newspapers, tv shows, radio shows) have played a crucial role in its development. This article aims to examine the role that media has played in the development and hindrance of the local scene and its interrelation to shifts in the racial/class composition of its members. We carried out ethnographic observations and in-depth qualitative interviews ( n =10) with local fans and musicians. All data were analysed and categorized using NVIVO software. In this short article, we discuss how the media played a dual role in the development of the local metal scene. Initially, media representations of metal music contributed to hinder and stigmatize local metal fans. Later, those same media outlets were used by metal fans to counteract stigmatizing representations of metal and expand the scene. Such was the case of the Avanzada Metallica , a local radio show that organized local concerts and informed the metal scene for 20 years. We will discuss how it became a platform to promote local metal bands in the Dominican Republic and Latin America through its organized activities, while simultaneously expanding the scene in terms of its racial and social class composition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2052-3998 , 2052-4005
    Language: English
    Publisher: Intellect
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intellect ; 2014
    In:  International Journal of Community Music Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2014-06-01), p. 243-257
    In: International Journal of Community Music, Intellect, Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2014-06-01), p. 243-257
    Abstract: Heavy metal music is simultaneously reflective of, and reactive to, the cultural underpinnings of the spaces in which it is created. Wallach et al. have emphasized the need to understand metal music outside of Anglo-American contexts and culture. Although the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico seems like an unlikely scenario for the emergence of a metal scene, it has in fact existed via underground means for the past 25 years. Due to the Island’s strong Hispanic and Catholic roots, stemming from Spanish colonialism in the fifteenth century, religion has played a central role in the development of the local metal scene. The first systematic organization of a metal scene was structured by Christian metal groups under the name of ‘Metal Mission’ and served as a meeting space for social interaction based on metal music and religion. The objective of this article is to document the role of Christian religion in the emergence and maintenance of a metal scene in Puerto Rico. We will present data from a larger study of the metal scene in Puerto Rico, which used a mixed methods approach including ethnographic observations (300 hours), qualitative interviews (n=50) and surveys (n=400) with members of Puerto Rico’s metal scene. Although metal music has roots in critical perspectives towards religion, our research shows how it has also helped shape the Island’s metal scene.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1752-6299 , 1752-6302
    Language: English
    Publisher: Intellect
    Publication Date: 2014
    SSG: 9,2
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