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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stereo matching algorithm for autonomous vehicle navigation using integrated matching cost and non-local aggregation
    Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ; 2023
    In:  Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2023-02-01), p. 328-337
    Details
    In: Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2023-02-01), p. 328-337
    Abstract: Stereo matching algorithm plays an important role in an autonomous vehicle navigation system to ensure accurate three-dimensional (3D) information is provided. The disparity map produced by the stereo matching algorithm directly impacts the quality of the 3D information provided to the navigation system. However, the accuracy of the matching algorithm is a challenging part to be solved since it is directly affected by the surrounding environment such as different brightness, less texture surface, and different image pair exposure. In this paper, a new framework of stereo matching algorithm that used the integration of census transform (CT) and sum of absolute difference (SAD) at the matching cost computation step, non-local cost aggregation at the second step, winner take all strategy at the third step, and a median filter at the final step to minimize disparity map error. The results show that the accuracy of the disparity map is improved using the proposed methods after some parameter adjustment. Based on the standard Middlebury and KITTI benchmarking dataset, it shows that the proposed framework produced accurate results compared with other established methods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2302-9285 , 2089-3191
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.11591/eei.v12i1
    DOI: 10.11591/eei.v12i1.4122
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of depth map from stereo images using sum of absolute differences and edge filters
    Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ; 2022
    In:  Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol. 25, No. 2 ( 2022-02-01), p. 875-
    Details
    In: Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science, Vol. 25, No. 2 ( 2022-02-01), p. 875-
    Abstract: This article proposes a framework for the depth map reconstruction using stereo images. Fundamentally, this map provides an important information which commonly used in essential applications such as autonomous vehicle navigation, drone’s navigation and 3D surface reconstruction. To develop an accurate depth map, the framework must be robust against the challenging regions of low texture, plain color and repetitive pattern on the input stereo image. The development of this map requires several stages which starts with matching cost calculation, cost aggregation, optimization and refinement stage. Hence, this work develops a framework with sum of absolute difference (SAD) and the combination of two edge preserving filters to increase the robustness against the challenging regions. The SAD convolves using block matching technique to increase the efficiency of matching process on the low texture and plain color regions. Moreover, two edge preserving filters will increase the accuracy on the repetitive pattern region. The results show that the proposed method is accurate and capable to work with the challenging regions. The results are provided by the Middlebury standard dataset. The framework is also efficiently and can be applied on the 3D surface reconstruction. Moreover, this work is greatly competitive with previously available methods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2502-4760 , 2502-4752
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i2
    DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i2.pp875-883
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A study of edge preserving filters in image matching
    Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ; 2021
    In:  Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2021-02-01), p. 111-117
    Details
    In: Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2021-02-01), p. 111-117
    Abstract: This article presents a study on edge preserving filters in image matching which comprises a development of stereo matching algorithm using two edge preserving filters. Fundamentally, the framework is reconstructed by several sequential processes. The output of these processes is a disparity map or depth map. The corresponding points between two images require accurate matching to make accurate depth map estimation. Thus, the propose work in this article utilizes sum of squared differences (SSD) with dual edge preserving filters. These filters are used due to edge preserved properties and to increase the accuracy. The median filter (MF) and bilateral filter (BF) will be utilized. The SSD produces preliminary results with low noise and the edge preserving filters reduce noise on the low texture regions with edge preserving properties. Based on the experimental analysis using the standard benchmarking evaluation system from the Middlebury, the disparity map produced is 6.65% for all error pixels. It shows an accurate edge preserved properties on the disparity maps. To make the proposed work more reliable with current available methods, the quantitative measurement has been made to compare with other existing methods and it displays the proposed work in this article perform much better.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2302-9285 , 2089-3191
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i1
    DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i1.1947
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A new function of stereo matching algorithm based on hybrid convolutional neural network
    Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ; 2022
    In:  Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2022-01-01), p. 223-
    Details
    In: Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science, Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2022-01-01), p. 223-
    Abstract: This paper proposes a new hybrid method between the learning-based and handcrafted methods for a stereo matching algorithm. The main purpose of the stereo matching algorithm is to produce a disparity map. This map is essential for many applications, including three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. The raw disparity map computed by a convolutional neural network (CNN) is still prone to errors in the low texture region. The algorithm is set to improve the matching cost computation stage with hybrid CNN-based combined with truncated directional intensity computation. The difference in truncated directional intensity value is employed to decrease radiometric errors. The proposed method’s raw matching cost went through the cost aggregation step using the bilateral filter (BF) to improve accuracy. The winner-take-all (WTA) optimization uses the aggregated cost volume to produce an initial disparity map. Finally, a series of refinement processes enhance the initial disparity map for a more accurate final disparity map. This paper verified the performance of the algorithm using the Middlebury online stereo benchmarking system. The proposed algorithm achieves the objective of generating a more accurate and smooth disparity map with different depths at low texture regions through better matching cost quality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2502-4760 , 2502-4752
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i1
    DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i1.pp223-231
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Image compression using singular value decomposition by extracting red, green, and blue channel colors
    Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ; 2022
    In:  Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2022-02-01), p. 168-175
    Details
    In: Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2022-02-01), p. 168-175
    Abstract: This paper presents an image compression using singular value decomposition (SVD) by extracting the red, green, and blue (RGB) channel colors. Image compression is needed in the development of various multimedia computer services and applications for example in the telecommunications and storage technologies. Now a days, video technology, digital broadcast codec and teleconferencing become popular and always requires high image compression process for display. Hence, efficient image compression is compulsory to reduce the number of storage sizes and maintain the image quality. Therefore, this article proposes image compression using SVD, which this method is efficiently reducing the image storage size and at the same time maintaining the image quality. The SVD removes redundant pixel values based on RGB colors to make the storage image size decreased. Based on the experimental analysis on two different type of image extensions (i.e., jpg and png), the SVD is capable to reduce the image size and at the same time preserving the image quality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2302-9285 , 2089-3191
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.11591/eei.v11i1
    DOI: 10.11591/eei.v11i1.2602
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of stereo matching algorithm based on sum of absolute RGB color differences and gradient Matching
    Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-06-01), p. 2375-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-06-01), p. 2375-
    Abstract: This paper proposes a new stereo matching algorithm which uses local-based method. The Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD) algorithm produces accurate result on the disparity map for the textured regions. However, this algorithm is sensitive to low texture areas and high noise on images with high different brightness and contrast. To get over these problems, the proposed algorithm utilizes SAD algorithm with RGB color channels differences and combination of gradient matching to improve the accuracy on the images with high brightness and contrast. Additionally, an edge-preserving filter is used at the second stage which is known as Bilateral Filter (BF). The BF filter is capable to work with the low texture areas and to reduce the noise and sharpen the images. Additionally, BF is strong  against the  distortions due to high brightness and contrast. The proposed work in this paper produces accurate results and performs much better compared with some established algorithms. This comparison is based on the standard quantitative measurements using the stereo benchmarking evaluation from the Middlebury.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2088-8708 , 2088-8708
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v10i3
    DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v10i3.pp2375-2382
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2667127-X
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stereo matching algorithm based on combined matching cost computation and edge preserving filters
    Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ; 2022
    In:  Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol. 26, No. 3 ( 2022-06-01), p. 1415-
    Details
    In: Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science, Vol. 26, No. 3 ( 2022-06-01), p. 1415-
    Abstract: The stereo matching  〈 span 〉 process is one of the key areas that impact the stereo vision technologies which are commonly used in the application of three-dimensional reconstructions. The accuracy of the depth information used in three-dimensional reconstruction is directly proportional to the accuracy of the disparity obtained from stereo matching. The challenging issue in the stereo matching process is to determine the accurate corresponding point between the left image and right image, especially for image pairs that have different exposure such as different illumination and image pair with less texture region. In order to increase the accuracy of disparity value, a new stereo matching algorithm is proposed based on the combination of Sum of absolute different and census transform at matching cost computation. guided filter was used in the matching cost aggregation in order to remove noise and preserve the edge of the image. In the optimization step, the winner take all strategy is used to select the minimum matching cost. Finally, a median filter is applied to the initial disparity map for refinement purposes. The experimental results show that the algorithm is effective in reducing the error and improving the accuracy of the disparity map in different illumination regions, less textured regions and different environmental exposure. 〈 /span 〉
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2502-4760 , 2502-4752
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v26.i3
    DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v26.i3.pp1415-1422
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
    Publication Date: 2022
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