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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identifying the origins of extreme rainfall using storm track classification
    IWA Publishing ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Hydroinformatics Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2020-03-01), p. 296-309
    Details
    In: Journal of Hydroinformatics, IWA Publishing, Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2020-03-01), p. 296-309
    Abstract: Identifying patterns in data relating to extreme rainfall is important for classifying and estimating rainfall and flood frequency distributions routinely used in civil engineering design and flood management. This study demonstrates the novel use of several self-organising map (SOM) models to extract the key moisture pathways for extreme rainfall events applied to example data in northern Spain. These models are trained using various subsets of a backwards trajectory data set generated for extreme rainfall events between 1967 and 2016. The results of our analysis show 69.2% of summer rainfall extremes rely on recirculatory moisture pathways concentrated on the Iberian Peninsula, whereas 57% of winter extremes rely on deep-Atlantic pathways to bring moisture from the ocean. These moisture pathways have also shown differences in rainfall magnitude, such as in the summer where peninsular pathways are 8% more likely to deliver the higher magnitude extremes than their Atlantic counterparts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1464-7141 , 1465-1734
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2166/hydro.2019.164
    Language: English
    Publisher: IWA Publishing
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020923-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A bivariate trend analysis to investigate the effect of increasing urbanisation on flood characteristics
    IWA Publishing ; 2017
    In:  Hydrology Research Vol. 48, No. 3 ( 2017-06-01), p. 802-821
    Details
    In: Hydrology Research, IWA Publishing, Vol. 48, No. 3 ( 2017-06-01), p. 802-821
    Abstract: Flood frequency analyses are usually based on the assumption of stationarity, which might be unrealistic if changes in climate, land uses or urbanisation impact the study catchment. Moreover, most non-stationarity studies only focus on peak flows, ignoring other flood characteristics. In this study, the potential effect of increasing urbanisation on the bivariate relationship of peak flows and volumes is investigated in a case study in the northwest of England, consisting of an increasingly urbanised catchment and a nearby hydrologically and climatologically similar unchanged rural (control) catchment. The study is performed via Kendall's tau and copulas. Temporal trends are studied visually and by formal tests, considering variables individually and jointly. Bivariate joint return period curves associated with consecutive time periods are compared to understand the joint implications of such bivariate trends. Although no significant bivariate trends were detected, hydrologically relevant trends were found in the urbanised catchment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0029-1277 , 2224-7955
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2166/nh.2016.105
    Language: English
    Publisher: IWA Publishing
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2411122-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2142091-9
    SSG: 21,3
    SSG: 14
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Probable maximum flood: the potential for estimation in the UK using ReFH2
    IWA Publishing ; 2023
    In:  Hydrology Research Vol. 54, No. 3 ( 2023-03-01), p. 360-371
    Details
    In: Hydrology Research, IWA Publishing, Vol. 54, No. 3 ( 2023-03-01), p. 360-371
    Abstract: The current reservoir safety guidance within the UK recommends the use of the FSR/FEH rainfall-runoff model to estimate PMF (probable maximum flood) peak flows for reservoirs within the highest risk category (A). However, the FSR/FEH model has been superseded by the ReFH2 rainfall-runoff model for all other flood risk purposes in the UK. This study develops a new modelling framework for PMF estimation using ReFH2 by translating the assumptions made within the current FSR/FEH PMF procedure and applying these within the ReFH2 rainfall-runoff model. Peak flows from the methodology are compared with those from the FSR/FEH model for 400+ catchments. The study highlights the potential for ReFH2 to be used as the rainfall-runoff model for all return periods, up to and including the PMF, thereby paving the way for using the ReFH2 model for reservoir safety studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0029-1277 , 2224-7955
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2166/nh.2023.117
    Language: English
    Publisher: IWA Publishing
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2411122-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2142091-9
    SSG: 21,3
    SSG: 14
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A formal statistical model for pooled analysis of extreme floods
    IWA Publishing ; 2009
    In:  Hydrology Research Vol. 40, No. 5 ( 2009-10-01), p. 465-480
    Details
    In: Hydrology Research, IWA Publishing, Vol. 40, No. 5 ( 2009-10-01), p. 465-480
    Abstract: This paper describes a formal statistical model underlying the region-of-influence method routinely used in regional frequency analysis of hydrological extremes, and is an improvement to the existing Flood Estimation Handbook (FEH) method for pooled frequency analysis of annual maximum flows in the UK. Specification of a pooling-group method requires three issues to be resolved: how to define hydrological similarity, the size of pooling groups and calculation of the pooled L-moment ratios. Because these issues are interrelated, an exploratory and iterative study has been undertaken before arriving at the final version of the method. Improvements provided by the model are: (1) that it allows an increased weight to be given to a gauged catchment when it is itself the target location and (2) it does not require identification of a homogeneous region, since the expected differences between the L-moment ratios within a pooling group are explicitly accounted for. Using annual maximum series from 602 gauged rural catchments, a comparison of candidate methods shows that the new method performs better than these others, including the FEH method. While the numerical comparison suggests that the improvement is 4%, and thus only minor, arguments are given for why this is a misleading conclusion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0029-1277 , 2224-7955
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2166/nh.2009.055
    Language: English
    Publisher: IWA Publishing
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2411122-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2142091-9
    SSG: 21,3
    SSG: 14
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identifying and interpreting extreme rainfall events using image classification
    IWA Publishing ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Hydroinformatics Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2021-11-01), p. 1214-1223
    Details
    In: Journal of Hydroinformatics, IWA Publishing, Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2021-11-01), p. 1214-1223
    Abstract: This study presents the first attempt to identify extreme rainfall events based on surrounding sea-level pressure anomalies, using neural network-based classification. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to identify the spatial importance of sea-level pressure anomalies. Three classification models were generated: the first classifies the patterns between extreme and regular rainfall events in the North West of England, the second classifies the patterns between extreme and regular rainfall events in the South East of England, and the third classifies between the patterns of extreme events in the North West and South East of England. All classifiers obtain accuracies between 60 and 65%, with precision and recall metrics showing that extreme events are easier to identify than regular events. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the spatial importance of the patterns across the North Atlantic, highlighting that for all three classifiers the local anomaly sea-level pressure patterns around the British Isles are key to determining the difference between extreme and regular rainfall events. In contrast, the pattern across the mid and western North Atlantic shows no contribution to the overall classifications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1464-7141 , 1465-1734
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2166/hydro.2021.030
    Language: English
    Publisher: IWA Publishing
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020923-X
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modelling the hydrological impacts of rural land use change
    IWA Publishing ; 2014
    In:  Hydrology Research Vol. 45, No. 6 ( 2014-12-01), p. 737-754
    Details
    In: Hydrology Research, IWA Publishing, Vol. 45, No. 6 ( 2014-12-01), p. 737-754
    Abstract: The potential role of rural land use in mitigating flood risk and protecting water supplies continues to be of great interest to regulators and planners. The ability of hydrologists to quantify the impact of rural land use change on the water cycle is however limited and we are not able to provide consistently reliable evidence to support planning and policy decisions. This shortcoming stems mainly from lack of data, but also from lack of modelling methods and tools. Numerous research projects over the last few years have been attempting to address the underlying challenges. This paper describes these challenges, significant areas of progress and modelling innovations, and proposes priorities for further research. The paper is organised into five inter-related subtopics: (1) evidence-based modelling; (2) upscaling to maximise the use of process knowledge and physics-based models; (3) representing hydrological connectivity in models; (4) uncertainty analysis; and (5) integrated catchment modelling for ecosystem service management. It is concluded that there is room for further advances in hydrological data analysis, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis methods and modelling frameworks, but progress will also depend on continuing and strengthened commitment to long-term monitoring and inter-disciplinarity in defining and delivering land use impacts research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0029-1277 , 2224-7955
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2166/nh.2013.145
    Language: English
    Publisher: IWA Publishing
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2411122-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2142091-9
    SSG: 21,3
    SSG: 14
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    Online Resource
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modelling the impact of urbanization on flood frequency relationships in the UK
    IWA Publishing ; 2010
    In:  Hydrology Research Vol. 41, No. 5 ( 2010-10-01), p. 391-405
    Details
    In: Hydrology Research, IWA Publishing, Vol. 41, No. 5 ( 2010-10-01), p. 391-405
    Abstract: This paper investigates the effect of urbanization on the three key statistics used to establish flood frequency curves when combining the index flood method with the method of L-moments for estimating distribution parameters, i.e. the median annual maximum peak flow (the index flood), and the high-order L-moment ratios L-CV and L-SKEW. An existing procedure employing catchment descriptors was used to estimate the three statistics at ungauged sites in the UK. As-rural estimates of the three statistics were obtained in 200 urban catchments and compared to the corresponding values obtained from observed data. The (log) differences of these estimates were related to catchment descriptors relevant to the urbanization process using linear regression. The results show that urbanization leads to a reduction in L-CV but an increase in L-SKEW. A jack-knife leave-one-out experiment showed that the adjustment factors developed were generally better at predicting the effect of urbanization on the flood frequency curve than the existing adjustment factor currently used in the UK.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0029-1277 , 2224-7955
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2166/nh.2010.056
    Language: English
    Publisher: IWA Publishing
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2411122-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2142091-9
    SSG: 21,3
    SSG: 14
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Urban surface water quality and the potential of phytoremediation to improve water quality in peri-urban and urban areas in sub-Saharan Africa – a review
    IWA Publishing ; 2022
    In:  Water Supply Vol. 22, No. 11 ( 2022-11-01), p. 8372-8404
    Details
    In: Water Supply, IWA Publishing, Vol. 22, No. 11 ( 2022-11-01), p. 8372-8404
    Abstract: In 2017, 400 million people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) were still using unimproved drinking water sources, 80 million of whom relied on untreated surface water. Urban areas are vastly expanding all over the continent and many larger cities in SSA struggle to provide safely managed drinking water. Phytoremediation implemented in constructed wetlands (CWs) is a low-cost and sustainable alternative to highly costly and energy-consuming wastewater treatment plants. In addition, CWs offer the potential to be integrated into farming and aqua-culture systems and can therefore improve food quality and production. The most prominent pollutants in urban SSA surface waters and the pollutant removal efficiencies for microbial and chemical contaminations of different plant species were identified from the literature and the accumulation rates for Pb, Cr, and Cd were compared with each other. A strong focus was given to studies conducted in SSA or other (sub)tropical regions. This review identified a range of potential phytoremediators to treat contaminated surface water and highlights the need for further in situ studies in SSA. Plant species such as Lemna minor, Ipomoea aquatica, Spirodela polyrhiza and Brachiaria mutica show a high potential to phytoremediate the heavy metals Pb, Cr and Cd from surface water.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1606-9749 , 1607-0798
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2166/ws.2022.352
    RVK:
    ZI 6705
    Language: English
    Publisher: IWA Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2967640-X
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