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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Association Between Alterations in Redox Homeostasis, Cortisol, and Commonly Used Objective and Subjective Markers of Fatigue in American Collegiate Football
    Human Kinetics ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Vol. 16, No. 12 ( 2021-12-1), p. 1851-1857
    Details
    In: International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, Human Kinetics, Vol. 16, No. 12 ( 2021-12-1), p. 1851-1857
    Abstract: Purpose: To assess associations between a free oxygen radical test (FORT), free oxygen radical defense test (FORD), oxidative stress index, urinary cortisol, countermovement jump (CMJ), and subjective wellness in American college football. Methods: Twenty-three male student athlete American college football players were assessed over 10 weeks: off-season conditioning (3 wk), preseason camp (4 wk), and in season (3 wk). Assessments included a once-weekly FORT and FORD blood sample, urinary cortisol sample, CMJ assessment including flight time, reactive strength index modified and concentric impulse, and a daily subjective wellness questionnaire. Linear mixed models analyzed the effect of a 2 within-subject SD change in the predictor variable on the dependent variable. The effects were interpreted using magnitude-based inference and are presented as standardized effect size (ES) ± 90% confidence intervals. Results: Small negative associations were observed between FORT–flight time, FORT–fatigue, FORT–soreness (ES range = −0.30 to −0.48), FORD–sleep (ES = 0.42 ± 0.29), and oxidative stress index soreness (ES = 0.56 ± 0.29). Small positive associations were observed between FORT–cortisol (ES = 0.36 ± 0.35), FORD–flight time, FORD reactive strength index modified and FORD–soreness (0.37–0.41), oxidative stress index concentric impulse (ES = 0.37 ± 0.28), and with soreness–concentric impulse, soreness–flight time, and soreness reactive strength index modified (0.33–0.59). Moderate positive associations were observed between cortisol–concentric impulse and cortisol–sleep (0.57–0.60). Conclusion: FORT/FORD was associated with CMJ variables and subjective wellness. Greater amounts of subjective soreness were associated with decreased CMJ performance, increased FORT and cortisol, and decreased FORD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1555-0265 , 1555-0273
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0933
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Human Kinetics
    Publication Date: 2021
    SSG: 31
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Alterations in Redox Homeostasis During Recovery From Unexplained Underperformance Syndrome in an Elite International Rower
    Human Kinetics ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2018-01-1), p. 107-111
    Details
    In: International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, Human Kinetics, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2018-01-1), p. 107-111
    Abstract: Purpose: To examine a diagnosis of unexplained underperformance syndrome (UUPS, or overtraining syndrome) in an international rower describing a full recovery and return to elite competition the same year. Methods: On diagnosis and 4 and 14 mo postdiagnosis, detailed assessments including physiological, nutritional, and biomarkers were made. Results: Clinical examination and laboratory results for hematology, biochemistry, thyroid function, immunology, vitamins, and minerals were unremarkable and did not explain the presentation and diagnosis. Redox biomarkers including hydroperoxides, plasma antioxidant capacity, red blood cell glutathione, superoxide dismutase, coenzyme Q10, vitamin E (α- and γ-tocopherol), and carotenoids (lutein, α-carotene, β-carotene) provided evidence of altered redox homeostasis. The recovery strategy began with 12 d of training abstinence and nutritional interventions, followed by 6 wk of modified training. At 4 mo postintervention, performance had recovered strongly, resulting in the athlete’s becoming European champion that same year. Further improvements in physiological and performance indices were observed at 14 mo postintervention. Physiologically relevant increases in concentrations of carotenoids were achieved at each postintervention time point, exceeding the reported critical-difference values. Conclusions: Increasing athlete phytonutrient intake may enhance recovery and tolerance of training and environmental stressors, reducing the risk of unexplained UUPS. Alterations in redox homeostasis should be considered as part of the medical management in UUPS. This is the first reported case study of an elite athlete with alterations in redox homeostasis in conjunction with a diagnosis of UUPS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1555-0265 , 1555-0273
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2016-0777
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Human Kinetics
    Publication Date: 2018
    SSG: 31
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    No Effect of New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract on Recovery of Muscle Damage Following Running a Half-Marathon
    Human Kinetics ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Vol. 30, No. 4 ( 2020-07-1), p. 287-294
    Details
    In: International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, Human Kinetics, Vol. 30, No. 4 ( 2020-07-1), p. 287-294
    Abstract: New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) contains anthocyanins, known to moderate blood flow and display anti-inflammatory properties that may improve recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage. The authors examined whether NZBC extract supplementation enhances recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage after a half-marathon race. Following a randomized, double-blind, independent groups design, 20 (eight women) recreational runners (age 30 ± 6 years, height 1.73 ± 0.74 m, body mass 68.5 ± 7.8 kg, half-marathon finishing time 1:56:33 ± 0:18:08 hr:min:s) ingested either two 300-mg/day capsules of NZBC extract (CurraNZ ™ ) or a visually matched placebo, for 7 days prior to and 2 days following a half-marathon. Countermovement jump performance variables, urine interleukin-6, and perceived muscle soreness and fatigue were measured pre, post, and at 24 and 48 hr after the half-marathon and analyzed using a mixed linear model with statistical significance set a priori at p   〈  .05. The countermovement jump performance variables were reduced immediately post-half-marathon ( p   〈  .05), with all returning to pre-half-marathon levels by 48 hr, except the concentric and eccentric peak force and eccentric duration, with no difference in response between groups ( p   〉  .05). Urine interleukin-6 increased 48-hr post-half-marathon in the NZBC group only ( p   〈  .01) and remained unchanged compared with pre-half-marathon levels in the placebo group ( p   〉  .05). Perceived muscle soreness and fatigue increased immediately post-half-marathon ( p   〈  .01) and returned to pre-half-marathon levels by 48 hr, with no difference between groups ( p   〉  .05). Supplementation with NZBC extract had no effect on the recovery of countermovement jump variables and perceptions of muscle soreness or fatigue following a half-marathon in recreational runners.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1526-484X , 1543-2742
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0312
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Human Kinetics
    Publication Date: 2020
    SSG: 31
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Increased Oxidative Stress in Injured and Ill Elite International Olympic Rowers
    Human Kinetics ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2020-05-1), p. 625-631
    Details
    In: International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, Human Kinetics, Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2020-05-1), p. 625-631
    Abstract: Background : Identifying strategies that reduce the risk of illness and injury is an objective of sports science and medicine teams. No studies have examined the relationship between oxidative stress (OS) and illness or injury in international athletes undergoing periods of intensified training and competition. Purpose : The authors aimed to identify relationships between illness, injury, and OS. Methods : A longitudinal, observational study of elite male rowers (n = 10) was conducted over 18 weeks, leading into World Championships. Following a recovery day and a 12-hour fast, hydroperoxides (free oxygen radicals test) and total antioxidant capacity (free oxygen radicals defense) were measured in venous blood, with the ratio calculated as the oxidative stress index (OSI). At all study time points, athletes were independently dichotomized as ill or not ill, injured or not injured. OS data were compared between groups using independent t tests. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the association of OS with injury and illness while adjusting for age and body mass index. Results : Free oxygen radicals defense was lower ( P   〈  .02) and OSI was higher ( P   〈  .001) with illness than without illness. Free oxygen radicals test and OSI were higher with injury than without injury ( P   〈  .001). A 0.5 mmol·L −1 increase in free oxygen radicals defense was associated with a 30.6% illness risk reduction (95% confidence interval, 7%–48%, P  = .014), whereas 0.5 unit increase in OSI was related to a 11.3% increased illness risk (95% confidence interval, 1%–23%, P  = .036). Conclusions : OS is increased in injured and ill athletes. Monitoring OS may be advantageous in assessing recovery from and in reducing injury and illness risk given the association.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1555-0265 , 1555-0273
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0425
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Human Kinetics
    Publication Date: 2020
    SSG: 31
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Intensified Endurance Training on Pacing and Performance in 4000-m Cycling Time Trials
    Human Kinetics ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2018-07-1), p. 735-741
    Details
    In: International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, Human Kinetics, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2018-07-1), p. 735-741
    Abstract: Studies examining pacing strategies during 4000-m cycling time trials (TTs) typically ensure that participants are not prefatigued; however, competitive cyclists often undertake TTs when already fatigued. This study aimed to determine how TT pacing strategies and sprint characteristics of cyclists change during an intensified training period (mesocycle). Thirteen cyclists regularly competing in A- and B-grade cycling races and consistently training ( 〉 10 h/wk for 4 [1] y) completed a 6-wk training mesocycle. Participants undertook individually prescribed training, using training stress scores (TrainingPeaks, Boulder, CO), partitioned into a baseline week, a build week, 2 loading weeks (designed to elicit an overreached state), and 2 recovery weeks. Laboratory-based tests (15-s sprint and TT) and Recovery-Stress Questionnaire (RESTQ-52) responses were repeatedly undertaken over the mesocycle. TT power output increased during recovery compared with baseline and loading weeks ( P  = .001) with 〉 6-W increases in mean power output (MPO) detected for 400-m sections (10% bins) from 1200 to 4000 m in recovery weeks. Decreases in peak heart rate ( P   〈  .001) during loading weeks and postexercise blood lactate ( P  = .005) during loading week 2 and recovery week 1 were detected. Compared with baseline, 15-s sprint MPO declined during loading and recovery weeks ( P   〈  .001). An interaction was observed between RESTQ-52 total stress score with a 15-s sprint ( P  = .003) and with a TT MPO ( P  = .04), indicating that participants who experienced greater stress during loading weeks exhibited reduced performance. To conclude, intensified endurance training diminished sprint performance but improved 4000-m TT performance, with a subtle change in MPO evident over the last 70% of TTs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1555-0265 , 1555-0273
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2017-0287
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Human Kinetics
    Publication Date: 2018
    SSG: 31
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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