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  • Hindawi Limited  (4)
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  • Hindawi Limited  (4)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reactive Oxygen Species in Vascular Formation and Development
    Hindawi Limited ; 2013
    In:  Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Vol. 2013 ( 2013), p. 1-14
    Details
    In: Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2013 ( 2013), p. 1-14
    Abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are derived from the metabolism of oxygen and are traditionally viewed as toxic byproducts that cause damage to biomolecules. It is now becoming widely acknowledged that ROS are key modulators in a variety of biological processes and pathological states. ROS mediate key signaling transduction pathways by reversible oxidation of certain signaling components and are involved in the signaling of growth factors, G-protein-coupled receptors, Notch, and Wnt and its downstream cascades including MAPK, JAK-STAT, NF- κ B, and PI3K/AKT. Vascular formation and development is one of the most important events during embryogenesis and is vital for postnasal tissue repair. In this paper, we will discuss how ROS regulate different steps in vascular development, including smooth muscle cell differentiation, angiogenesis, endothelial progenitor cells recruitment, and vascular cell migration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1942-0900 , 1942-0994
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2013/374963
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2455981-7
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Matrix Metalloproteinases: Inflammatory Regulators of Cell Behaviors in Vascular Formation and Remodeling
    Hindawi Limited ; 2013
    In:  Mediators of Inflammation Vol. 2013 ( 2013), p. 1-14
    Details
    In: Mediators of Inflammation, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2013 ( 2013), p. 1-14
    Abstract: Abnormal angiogenesis and vascular remodeling contribute to pathogenesis of a number of disorders such as tumor, arthritis, atherosclerosis, restenosis, hypertension, and neurodegeneration. During angiogenesis and vascular remodeling, behaviors of stem/progenitor cells, endothelial cells (ECs), and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and its interaction with extracellular matrix (ECM) play a critical role in the processes. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), well-known inflammatory mediators are a family of zinc-dependent proteolytic enzymes that degrade various components of ECM and non-ECM molecules mediating tissue remodeling in both physiological and pathological processes. MMPs including MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-12, and MT1-MMP, are stimulated and activated by various stimuli in vascular tissues. Once activated, MMPs degrade ECM proteins or other related signal molecules to promote recruitment of stem/progenitor cells and facilitate migration and invasion of ECs and VSMCs. Moreover, vascular cell proliferation and apoptosis can also be regulated by MMPs via proteolytically cleaving and modulating bioactive molecules and relevant signaling pathways. Regarding the importance of vascular cells in abnormal angiogenesis and vascular remodeling, regulation of vascular cell behaviors through modulating expression and activation of MMPs shows therapeutic potential.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-9351 , 1466-1861
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2013/928315
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008065-7
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Functions of Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins in Stem Cell Potency and Differentiation
    Hindawi Limited ; 2013
    In:  BioMed Research International Vol. 2013 ( 2013), p. 1-12
    Details
    In: BioMed Research International, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2013 ( 2013), p. 1-12
    Abstract: Stem cells possess huge importance in developmental biology, disease modelling, cell replacement therapy, and tissue engineering in regenerative medicine because they have the remarkable potential for self-renewal and to differentiate into almost all the cell types in the human body. Elucidation of molecular mechanisms regulating stem cell potency and differentiation is essential and critical for extensive application. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are modular proteins consisting of RNA-binding motifs and auxiliary domains characterized by extensive and divergent functions in nucleic acid metabolism. Multiple roles of hnRNPs in transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation enable them to be effective gene expression regulators. More recent findings show that hnRNP proteins are crucial factors implicated in maintenance of stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency and cell differentiation. The hnRNPs interact with certain sequences in target gene promoter regions to initiate transcription. In addition, they recognize 3′UTR or 5′UTR of specific gene mRNA forming mRNP complex to regulate mRNA stability and translation. Both of these regulatory pathways lead to modulation of gene expression that is associated with stem cell proliferation, cell cycle control, pluripotency, and committed differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2314-6133 , 2314-6141
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2013/623978
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2698540-8
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electron Transfer Flavoprotein (ETF) α Controls Blood Vessel Development by Regulating Endothelial Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Oxygen Consumption
    Hindawi Limited ; 2022
    In:  Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Vol. 2022 ( 2022-3-11), p. 1-15
    Details
    In: Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2022 ( 2022-3-11), p. 1-15
    Abstract: While impairment of vascular homeostasis induced by hypercholesterolemia is the first step of cardiovascular diseases, the molecular mechanism behind such impairment is not well known. Here, we reported that high-cholesterol diet (HCD) induced defective vessel sprouting in zebrafish larvae. Electron transfer flavoprotein subunit α (ETFα) (encoded by the ETFA gene), a protein that mediates transfer of electrons from a series of mitochondrial flavoenzymes to the respiratory chain, was downregulated in HCD-fed zebrafish and in endothelial cells treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Knockdown of ETFα with morpholino antisense oligonucleotides reproduced vascular sprouting defects in zebrafish larvae, while replenishing with exogeneous ETFA mRNA could successfully rescue these defects. ETFA knockdown in endothelial cells reduces cell migration, proliferation, and tube formation in vitro. Finally, knockdown of ETFA in endothelial cells also reduced fatty acid oxidation, oxygen consumption rate, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) protein levels. Taken together, we demonstrate that downregulation of ETFα is involved in hypercholesterolemia-induced defective vessel sprouting in zebrafish larvae via inhibition of endothelial proliferation and migration. The molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon is the decrease of HIF1α induced by downregulation of ETFα in endothelial cells. This work suggests that disturbance of ETFα-mediated oxygen homeostasis is one of the mechanisms behind hypercholesterolemia-induced vascular dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1942-0994 , 1942-0900
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2022/7969916
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2455981-7
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