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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Glutamine Supplementation Attenuates Expressions of Adhesion Molecules and Chemokine Receptors on T Cells in a Murine Model of Acute Colitis
    Hindawi Limited ; 2014
    In:  Mediators of Inflammation Vol. 2014 ( 2014), p. 1-14
    Details
    In: Mediators of Inflammation, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2014 ( 2014), p. 1-14
    Abstract: Background . Migration of T cells into the colon plays a major role in the pathogenesis in inflammatory bowel disease. This study investigated the effects of glutamine (Gln) supplementation on chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules expressed by T cells in mice with dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced colitis. Methods . C57BL/6 mice were fed either a standard diet or a Gln diet replacing 25% of the total nitrogen. After being fed the diets for 5 days, half of the mice from both groups were given 1.5% DSS in drinking water to induce colitis. Mice were killed after 5 days of DSS exposure. Results . DSS colitis resulted in higher expression levels of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand- (PSGL-) 1, leukocyte function-associated antigen- (LFA-) 1, and C-C chemokine receptor type 9 (CCR9) by T helper (Th) and cytotoxic T (Tc) cells, and mRNA levels of endothelial adhesion molecules in colons were upregulated. Gln supplementation decreased expressions of PSGL-1, LFA-1, and CCR9 by Th cells. Colonic gene expressions of endothelial adhesion molecules were also lower in Gln-colitis mice. Histological finding showed that colon infiltrating Th cells were less in the DSS group with Gln administration. Conclusions . Gln supplementation may ameliorate the inflammation of colitis possibly via suppression of T cell migration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-9351 , 1466-1861
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2014/837107
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modulatory Effects of Astragalus Polysaccharides on T-Cell Polarization in Mice with Polymicrobial Sepsis
    Hindawi Limited ; 2015
    In:  Mediators of Inflammation Vol. 2015 ( 2015), p. 1-10
    Details
    In: Mediators of Inflammation, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2015 ( 2015), p. 1-10
    Abstract: Background. This study evaluated the impact of different doses of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on the functional status and phenotype of T cells during polymicrobial sepsis. Methods. On day 1 after cecal ligation and puncture, mice were treated with either saline, 100 (A100), 200 (A200), or 400 mg APS/kg body weight (BW) (A400) by an intraperitoneal injection daily for 4 days. All mice were sacrificed 5 days after the operation. Results. APS treatment reversed the sepsis-induced decrement in the T helper (Th) cell population, and the percentage of activated Th cells also increased in the spleen and Peyer’s patches. APS administration downregulated the percentages of circulating Th2 cells and regulatory T cells (Treg), and the percentage of Th17 cells in blood was upregulated in the A400 group. Weight loss and kidney injury were attenuated in the A100 and A200 groups but not in the A400 group at the end of the study. Conclusions. Treatments with 100 and 200 mg APS/kg BW reduced Treg populations and elicited a more-balanced Th1/Th2 response that consequently attenuated immunosuppression in polymicrobial sepsis. High-dose APS administration led to excessive responses of Th17 cells which may have adverse effects in sepsis-induced organ injury.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-9351 , 1466-1861
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2015/826319
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Novel Synthetic Coumarin-Chalcone Derivative (E)-3-(3-(4-(Dimethylamino)Phenyl)Acryloyl)-4-Hydroxy-2H-Chromen-2-One Activates CREB-Mediated Neuroprotection in Aβ and Tau Cell Models of Alzheimer’s Disease
    Hindawi Limited ; 2021
    In:  Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Vol. 2021 ( 2021-11-13), p. 1-19
    Details
    In: Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2021 ( 2021-11-13), p. 1-19
    Abstract: Abnormal accumulations of misfolded Aβ and tau proteins are major components of the hallmark plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. These abnormal protein deposits cause neurodegeneration through a number of proposed mechanisms, including downregulation of the cAMP-response-element (CRE) binding protein 1 (CREB) signaling pathway. Using CRE-GFP reporter cells, we investigated the effects of three coumarin-chalcone derivatives synthesized in our lab on CREB-mediated gene expression. Aβ-GFP- and ΔK280 tauRD-DsRed-expressing SH-SY5Y cells were used to evaluate these agents for possible antiaggregative, antioxidative, and neuroprotective effects. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration was assessed by pharmacokinetic studies in mice. Of the three tested compounds, (E)-3-(3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)acryloyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one (LM-021) was observed to increase CREB-mediated gene expression through protein kinase A (PKA), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in CRE-GFP reporter cells. LM-021 exhibited antiaggregative, antioxidative, and neuroprotective effects mediated by the upregulation of CREB phosphorylation and its downstream brain-derived neurotrophic factor and BCL2 apoptosis regulator genes in Aβ-GFP- and ΔK280 tauRD-DsRed-expressing SH-SY5Y cells. Blockage of the PKA, CaMKII, or ERK pathway counteracted the beneficial effects of LM-021. LM-021 also exhibited good BBB penetration ability, with brain to plasma ratio of 5.3%, in in vivo pharmacokinetic assessment. Our results indicate that LM-021 works as a CREB enhancer to reduce Aβ and tau aggregation and provide neuroprotection. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of LM-021 in treating AD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1942-0994 , 1942-0900
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2021/3058861
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2455981-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of the Glutamine Administration on T Helper Cell Regulation and Inflammatory Response in Obese Mice Complicated with Polymicrobial Sepsis
    Hindawi Limited ; 2020
    In:  Mediators of Inflammation Vol. 2020 ( 2020-11-10), p. 1-11
    Details
    In: Mediators of Inflammation, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2020 ( 2020-11-10), p. 1-11
    Abstract: This study investigated the impacts of GLN on inflammation and T cell dysregulation in obese mice complicated with sepsis. Mice were divided into normal control (NC) and high-fat diet groups. The high-fat diet provided 60% of energy from fat and was administered for 10 weeks to induce obesity. Mice fed with a high-fat diet were then assigned to sham (SH) and sepsis with saline (SS) or GLN (SG) groups. The SH group was subjected to laparotomy, while the sepsis group underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The SS group was intravenously injected with saline. The SG group was intravenously administered GLN after CLP. Mice were sacrificed at 12, 24, or 48 h post-CLP, respectively. Results demonstrated that in the presence of obesity, sepsis drove CD4+ T cells toward the helper T (Th)2 and Th17 lineages. Also, expressions of inflammatory cytokines and macrophage infiltration markers in adipose tissues and lungs were elevated. Treatment of obese mice with GLN after sepsis reversed Th polarization and downregulated macrophage infiltration and inflammatory cytokine, whereas the tight junction-associated protein expression increased in the lungs. These findings suggest that the intravenous administration of GLN to obese mice after sepsis modulated a more balanced Th cell lineage, alleviated inflammation, and attenuated lung injury.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1466-1861 , 0962-9351
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2020/8869017
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Glutamine Administration Attenuates Kidney Inflammation in Obese Mice Complicated with Polymicrobial Sepsis
    Hindawi Limited ; 2021
    In:  Mediators of Inflammation Vol. 2021 ( 2021-3-30), p. 1-12
    Details
    In: Mediators of Inflammation, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2021 ( 2021-3-30), p. 1-12
    Abstract: Obesity is a well-known public health issue around the world. Sepsis is a lethal clinical syndrome that causes multiorgan failure. Obesity may aggravate inflammation in septic patients. Glutamine (GLN) is a nutrient with immune regulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Since sepsis is a common contributing factor for acute kidney injury (AKI), this study investigated the effects of GLN administration on sepsis-induced inflammation and AKI in obese mice. A high-fat diet which consists of 60% of calories from fat was provided for 10 weeks to induce obesity in the mice. Then, the obese mice were subdivided into sepsis with saline (SS) or GLN (SG) groups. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was performed to produce sepsis. The SS group was intravenously injected with saline while the SG group was administered GLN one or two doses after CLP. Obese mice with sepsis were sacrificed at 12, 24, or 48 h post-CLP. Results revealed that sepsis resulted in upregulated high-mobility group box protein-1 pathway-associated gene expression in obese mice. Also, expressions of macrophage/neutrophil infiltration markers and inflammatory cytokines in kidneys were elevated. Obese mice treated with GLN after sepsis reversed the depletion of plasma GLN, reduced production of lipid peroxides, and downregulated macrophage/neutrophil infiltration and the inflammatory-associated pathway whereas tight junction gene expression increased in the kidneys. These findings suggest that intravenously administered GLN to obese mice after sepsis alleviated inflammation and attenuated AKI. This model may have clinical application to obese patients with a risk for infection in abdominal surgery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1466-1861 , 0962-9351
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2021/5597118
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intravenous Arginine Administration Downregulates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity and Attenuates Acute Kidney Injury in Mice with Polymicrobial Sepsis
    Hindawi Limited ; 2020
    In:  Mediators of Inflammation Vol. 2020 ( 2020-05-11), p. 1-11
    Details
    In: Mediators of Inflammation, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2020 ( 2020-05-11), p. 1-11
    Abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major complication of sepsis. Nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that mediate septic AKI. L-arginine (Arg) is a conditionally essential amino acid in catabolic conditions and a substrate for nitric oxide (NO) production; however, its use in sepsis is controversial. This study investigated the effect of intravenous Arg supplementation on modulating NLRP3 inflammasome activity in relation to septic AKI. Mice were divided into normal control (NC), sham, sepsis saline (SS), and sepsis Arg (SA) groups. In order to investigate the role of NO, L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine hydrochloride (L-NIL), an inducible NO synthase inhibitor, was administered to the sepsis groups. Sepsis was induced using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The SS and SA groups received saline or Arg via tail vein 1 h after CLP. Mice were sacrificed at 6, 12, and 24 h after sepsis. The results showed that compared to the NC group, septic mice had higher plasma kidney function parameters and lower Arg levels. Also, renal NLRP3 inflammasome protein expression and tubular injury score increased. After Arg treatment, plasma Arg and NO levels increased, kidney function improved, and expressions of renal NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins were downregulated. Changes in plasma NO and renal NLRP3 inflammasome-related protein expression were abrogated when L-NIL was given to the Arg sepsis groups. Arg plus L-NIL administration also attenuated kidney injury after CLP. The findings suggest that intravenous Arg supplementation immediately after sepsis restores plasma Arg levels and is beneficial for attenuating septic AKI, partly via NO-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-9351 , 1466-1861
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2020/3201635
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Integrating the TRIZ and Taguchi's Method in the Optimization of Processes Parameters for SMT
    Hindawi Limited ; 2013
    In:  Advances in Materials Science and Engineering Vol. 2013 ( 2013), p. 1-10
    Details
    In: Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2013 ( 2013), p. 1-10
    Abstract: SMT is an assembly technology for core circuit board parts. Unless process parameters are effectively controlled, poor solderability may result in a decline in product quality. This study looks at an SMT manufacturing process in a multinational company. First, the TRIZ contradiction matrix is revised to investigate the association between the 39 parameters in the contradiction matrix and 13 parameters that influence the unevenness of solder paste in the solder paste printing process. Expert verification is then used to screen the key factors affecting the quality of SMT, which are then combined with Taguchi's method to identify the optimal parameter set influencing the thickness of SMT solder paste. Results . TRIZ identifies squeegee pressure, ejection speed, squeegee speed, and squeegee angle as the four parameters with the greatest influence on SMT solder paste thickness. Taguchi's method is used to identify the optimum levels set for the experimental factors and carry out confirmation experiments. The S/N ratio improved from 21.732 db to 26.632 db, while the mean also improved from the current 0.163 mm to 0.155 mm, close to the target value of 0.15 mm. The results show that applying TRIZ and Taguchi's method for the purpose of product improvement is feasible.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-8434 , 1687-8442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2013/830891
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2501025-6
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