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  • Hindawi Limited  (8)
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  • Hindawi Limited  (8)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Revisit to the Impacts of Land Use Changes on the Human Wellbeing via Altering the Ecosystem Provisioning Services
    Hindawi Limited ; 2013
    In:  Advances in Meteorology Vol. 2013 ( 2013), p. 1-8
    Details
    In: Advances in Meteorology, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2013 ( 2013), p. 1-8
    Abstract: It is widely acknowledged that land use changes (LUC) associated with climate variations are affecting the human wellbeing. This paper conducted a revisit to relevant researches on the impacts of LUC on human wellbeing via specifically altering the ecosystem provisioning services. First, the explorations on the influences of LUC on ecosystem provisioning services were reviewed, including the researches on the influences of LUC on agroecosystem services and forest and/or grassland ecosystem services. Then the quantitative identification of the impacts of LUC on ecosystem provisioning services was commented on. In the light of enhanced observation and valuation methods, several approaches to ecosystem services and improved models for assessing those ecosystem services were assessed. The major indicators used to uncover the influences of LUC on human wellbeing were summarized including the increase of inputs and the reduction of outputs in production and the augmented health risk induced by the irrational land uses. Finally, this paper uncovered the research gaps and proposed several research directions to address these gaps.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-9309 , 1687-9317
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2013/907367
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2486777-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multiscale Fracturing in Medium- to Low-Rank Coals and Its Implications on Coalbed Methane Production in the Baode Area, Eastern Ordos Basin, China
    Hindawi Limited ; 2022
    In:  Geofluids Vol. 2022 ( 2022-4-20), p. 1-12
    Details
    In: Geofluids, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2022 ( 2022-4-20), p. 1-12
    Abstract: Coal fractures are crucial in affecting the production of methane from coal. Multiscale fracturing and its implications on coalbed methane production have still not been fully understood. Herein, we present a case study, combining underground coal mine surveying and specimen, thin section, and scanning electron microscope observations for illustrating the ~m-, ~cm-, ~mm-, and ~μm-scale fractures present in the Baode area, eastern Ordos Basin, China. Then, the fracture connectivity is evaluated by helium permeability and mercury porosimetry measurement. The coals are mainly of semibright, semidull, and dull macrolithotypes. And main maceral composition is vitrinite, accounting for 73%~95%, with around 26% inertinite. The coals are ultralow-ash and low-ash content, belonging to high-volatile bituminous coal. The ~m scale fractures can penetrate the whole coal seams, dominant by S-N and following E-W direction, which were generated during the Yanshanian and Himalayan movements. The ~cm fractures are generally parallel to the lamina, influenced by the bright and dull coal band extension caused by the depositional differences. The ~mm fractures are mainly shown as endogenous fractures perpendicular to the lamina restricted within bright macrolithotypes. There are also ~mm fractures that are perpendicular to the lamina while penetrating dull components and fractures parallel to the lamina. The ~μm fractures are widely distributed and connect each other. Some of the fractures are filled with carbonate and clay minerals and are beneficial for methane migration, caused by hydraulic fracturing. The average mercury withdrawal efficiency of the coals was 75%. The helium permeability of the coals was between 10 × 10 − 3 and 50 × 10 − 3  μm2, indicating good fracture connectivity. The study findings, which indicated the presence of fractures of different scales in the coals studied, can be used for fully understanding the coalbed methane performance of medium- and low-rank coals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1468-8123 , 1468-8115
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2022/4549153
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2045012-6
    SSG: 13
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adaptive Mesh Iteration Method for Trajectory Optimization Based on Hermite-Pseudospectral Direct Transcription
    Hindawi Limited ; 2017
    In:  Mathematical Problems in Engineering Vol. 2017 ( 2017), p. 1-7
    Details
    In: Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2017 ( 2017), p. 1-7
    Abstract: An adaptive mesh iteration method based on Hermite-Pseudospectral is described for trajectory optimization. The method uses the Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto points as interpolation points; then the state equations are approximated by Hermite interpolating polynomials. The method allows for changes in both number of mesh points and the number of mesh intervals and produces significantly smaller mesh sizes with a higher accuracy tolerance solution. The derived relative error estimate is then used to trade the number of mesh points with the number of mesh intervals. The adaptive mesh iteration method is applied successfully to the examples of trajectory optimization of Maneuverable Reentry Research Vehicle, and the simulation experiment results show that the adaptive mesh iteration method has many advantages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1024-123X , 1563-5147
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2017/2184658
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2014442-8
    SSG: 11
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adaptive Neural Control for Nonaffine Pure-Feedback System Based on Extreme Learning Machine
    Hindawi Limited ; 2019
    In:  Mathematical Problems in Engineering Vol. 2019 ( 2019-06-16), p. 1-13
    Details
    In: Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2019 ( 2019-06-16), p. 1-13
    Abstract: For nonaffine pure-feedback systems, an adaptive neural control method based on extreme learning machine (ELM) is proposed in this paper. Different from the existing methods, this scheme firstly converts the original system into a nonaffine system containing only one unknown term by equivalent transformation, thus avoiding the cumbersome and complex indirect design process of traditional backstepping methods. Secondly, a high-performance finite-time-convergence-differentiator (FD) is designed, through which the system state variables and their derivatives are accurately estimated to ensure the control effect. Thirdly, based on the implicit function theorem, the ELM neural network is introduced to approximate the uncertain items of the system, which simplifies the repeated adjustment process of the network training parameters. Meanwhile, the minimum learning parameter algorithm (MLP) is adopted to design the adaptive law for the norm of the network weight vector, which significantly reduces calculations. And it is theoretically proved that the closed-loop control system is stable and the tracking error is bounded. Finally, the effectiveness of the designed controller is verified by simulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1024-123X , 1563-5147
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2019/5613212
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2014442-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Novel Fractional Order Calculus Extended PN for Maneuvering Targets
    Hindawi Limited ; 2017
    In:  International Journal of Aerospace Engineering Vol. 2017 ( 2017), p. 1-9
    Details
    In: International Journal of Aerospace Engineering, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2017 ( 2017), p. 1-9
    Abstract: Based on the theory of fractional order calculus (FOC), a novel extended proportional guidance (EPN) law for intercepting the maneuvering target is proposed. In the first part, considering the memory function and filter characteristic of FOC, the novel extended PN guidance algorithm is developed based on the conventional PN after introducing the properties and operation rules of FOC. Further, with the help of FOC theory, the average load and ballistics characteristics of proposed guidance law are analyzed. Then, using the small offset kinematic model, the robustness of the new guidance law against autopilot parameters is studied theoretically by analyzing the sensitivity of the closed loop guidance system. At last, representative numerical results show that the designed guidance law obtains a better performance than the traditional PN for maneuvering target.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-5966 , 1687-5974
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2017/5931967
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2397583-0
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Distinct Hypoxia-Related Gene Profiling Characterizes Clinicopathological Features and Immune Status of Mismatch Repair-Deficient Colon Cancer
    Hindawi Limited ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Oncology Vol. 2021 ( 2021-12-7), p. 1-17
    Details
    In: Journal of Oncology, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2021 ( 2021-12-7), p. 1-17
    Abstract: Despite dramatic responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with colon cancer (CC) harboring deficient mismatch repair (dMMR), more than half of these patients ultimately progress and experience primary or secondary drug resistance. There is no useful biomarker that is currently validated to accurately predict this resistance or stratify patients who may benefit from ICI-based immunotherapy. As hypoxic and acidic tumor microenvironment would greatly impair tumor-suppressing functions of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we sought to explore distinct immunological phenotypes by analysis of the intratumoral hypoxia state using a well-established gene signature. Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (n = 88) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (n = 49) databases of patients with CC, we found that dMMR CC patients could be separated into normoxia subgroup (NS) and hypoxia subgroup (HS) with different levels of expression of hypoxia-related genes (lower in NS group and higher in HS group) using NMF package. Tumoral parenchyma in the HS group had a relatively lower level of immune cell infiltration, particularly CD8+ T cells and M1 macrophages than the NS group, and coincided with higher expression of immune checkpoint molecules and C-X-C motif chemokines, which might be associated with ICI resistance and prognosis. Furthermore, three genes, namely, MT1E, MT2A, and MAFF, were identified to be differentially expressed between NS and HS groups in both GEO and TCGA cohorts. Based on these genes, a prognostic model with stable and valuable predicting ability has been built for clinical application. In conclusion, the varying tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) classified by hypoxia-related genes might be closely associated with different therapeutic responses of ICIs and prognosis of dMMR CC patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-8469 , 1687-8450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2021/2427427
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2461349-6
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Critical Studies on Integrating Land-Use Induced Effects on Climate Regulation Services into Impact Assessment for Human Well-Being
    Hindawi Limited ; 2013
    In:  Advances in Meteorology Vol. 2013 ( 2013), p. 1-14
    Details
    In: Advances in Meteorology, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2013 ( 2013), p. 1-14
    Abstract: It is commonly acknowledged that land use changes (LUC) and climate changes have exerted significant effects on ecosystem services which are essential and vital to human well-being. Among all the services provided by ecosystem, climate regulation services are relatively sensitive to LUC and climate changes. This study aims to comprehensively review studies on the complex effects of LUC and climate changes on climate regulation services and further integrates the effects on climate regulation services into impact assessment for human well-being. In this study, we firstly introduced research efforts in which the drivers of and their corresponding effects on climate regulation services are briefly identified. Then, we explicitly reviewed the researches on the effects of LUC and climate changes on climate regulation services, especially focused on the certain methods and models used to quantify the effects on the major drivers of climate regulation services. After that, the effects of LUC and climate changes on human well-being via climate regulation services were revisited and commented accordingly. Finally, this paper discussed the current research gaps and proposed some research prospects in future studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-9309 , 1687-9317
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2013/831250
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2486777-9
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prescribed Performance Guidance Law with Multiple Constraints
    Hindawi Limited ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Aerospace Engineering Vol. 2022 ( 2022-6-27), p. 1-17
    Details
    In: International Journal of Aerospace Engineering, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2022 ( 2022-6-27), p. 1-17
    Abstract: In the terminal guidance phase of intercepting aerial target, a guidance law, satisfying impact angle constraint, acceleration constraint, and second-order dynamic characteristic of interceptor autopilot, is designed based on the prescribed performance control and dynamic surface control method. Firstly, a two-dimensional plane interception model considering the dynamic characteristics of autopilot and input constraints is established. Furthermore, for the nonconstrained system, based on the dynamic surface control, the prescribed performance reaching law is used to ensure that the line-of-sight angle and the line-of-sight angle rate can converge to the prescribed range in finite time. At the same time, an adaptive law is used to estimate the uncertainty caused by target maneuver and autopilot. Then, aiming at the acceleration constraint, an auxiliary system is established to convert the restricted system into a nonrestricted system. The finite-time convergence of the terminal line-of-sight tracking error, the line-of-sight rate, and the uniform ultimate boundedness of the system are rigorously proved by Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed guidance law can make the interceptor have better interception performance when attacking targets with different maneuvering forms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-5974 , 1687-5966
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2022/5191568
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2397583-0
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