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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Subcutaneous Injection of Myrrh Essential Oil in Mice: Acute and Subacute Toxicity Study
    Hindawi Limited ; 2019
    In:  Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Vol. 2019 ( 2019-03-03), p. 1-13
    Details
    In: Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2019 ( 2019-03-03), p. 1-13
    Abstract: Myrrh essential oil (MEO) is widely used as remedies for the different human ailment in different parts of the world. The misuse of this natural product in higher doses may lead to fever, inflammation, and liver and kidney problems. In this study, we performed the acute and subacute toxicity analysis of MEO in mice model after subcutaneous injection and evaluated the safe dose to prevent the possible risk and side effects. Initially (first phase study) higher dose of MEO (20, 40, and 80 μ L) was injected, and later in the second phase study lower dose of MEO (1, 5, and 10 μ L) was injected for three days in each group of mice. Blood samples were taken for the investigation of hematological parameters and activity of various enzymes. The liver, kidney, spleen, lungs, and heart were excised for histological study. The body weight and skin abnormalities were also evaluated. In the first phase study, the mice showed granuloma formation at the site of injection. The liver showed dilated sinusoids and enlarged central vein. In the spleen the distinction between red and white pulp was lost. The kidney showed the degeneration of glomerulus. The enzyme activity and body weight were also decreased by the higher dose. The WBC count also increased nearly by twofold. Pruritus and self-trauma were also evident. Later in the second phase study, the skin abnormalities (granuloma) and damage in the structure of tissue (in liver, spleen, and kidney) were absent along with no change in enzyme levels, blood parameters, and body weight compared to the control. The MEO was toxic to liver, spleen, and kidney in the higher doses. The safe volume of MEO useful for various studies in mice was evaluated. The safe use of MEO should be assured, it should not be misused, being considered as a natural remedy, and there should be awareness of its toxicity and side effects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1741-427X , 1741-4288
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2019/8497980
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2148302-4
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Efficacy and Safety of Taeeumjowi-tang in Obese Korean Adults: A Double-Blind, Randomized, and Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial
    Hindawi Limited ; 2013
    In:  Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Vol. 2013 ( 2013), p. 1-10
    Details
    In: Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2013 ( 2013), p. 1-10
    Abstract: Objective . The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of Taeeumjowi-tang (TJ001) as well as to estimate obesity-related factors. Methods . This was a 12-week trial with 5 visits. A total of 102 participants of both genders were randomized to either TJ001 ( n = 57 ) group or the placebo group ( n = 55 ). Subjects were administered 7 g of either TJ001 or placebo 3 times a day. The primary outcome was a rate of subjects who lost 5% or more of initial weight. Secondary outcomes included anthropometric parameters, lipid profiles, and body fat composition. Results . The subject response rate of ≥5% weight loss compared to baseline was similar in both groups, and no statistically significant difference was observed ( P = 0.87 ). Changes in anthropometric parameters were greater during the first 4 weeks in the treatment group ( P 〈 0.0001 ). There were no significant changes in both within groups and between groups for lipid profile and body fat composition. No adverse event was reported in either group. Conclusion . Although the difference between the groups regarding a rate of subjects who lost 5% or more of initial weight did not show statistical significance, TJ001 appears to be beneficial in safely controlling weight.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1741-427X , 1741-4288
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2013/498935
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2148302-4
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association between Genetic Instability and Helicobacter pylori Infection in Gastric Epithelial Dysplasia
    Hindawi Limited ; 2012
    In:  Gastroenterology Research and Practice Vol. 2012 ( 2012), p. 1-7
    Details
    In: Gastroenterology Research and Practice, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2012 ( 2012), p. 1-7
    Abstract: Background . In gastric carcinogenesis, changes of DNA methylation appear to be an early molecular event, and the genome-wide methylation state is closely correlated with the level of long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) methylation. In this study, we measured LINE-1 methylation level according to genetic instability and evaluated the effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on genetic instability in gastric epithelial dysplasia. Methods . Total 100 tissue samples of gastric epithelial dysplasia were analyzed. Seven loci that linked to tumor suppressor genes were used to identify significant structural chromosomal aberrations. Microsatellite status was investigated for two different microsatellite marker loci (BAT25 and BAT26). Also, we measured LINE-1 methylation level by combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA-LINE-1) method. Results . There were no significant differences of LINE-1 methylation level according to chromosomal/microsatellite instability and H. pylori state. In the dysplastic lesions with H. pylori infection, LINE-1 methylation level of MSI lesion was significantly lower than that of microsatellite stable (MSS) lesion ( 40.23 ± 4.47 versus 43.90 ± 4.81 %, P 〈 0.01 ). Conclusions . In gastric epithelial dysplasia with H. pylori infection, MSI is correlated with reduced LINE-1 methylation level. Coexistence of H. pylori infection and MSI might be a driving force of gastric carcinogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-6121 , 1687-630X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2012/360929
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2435460-0
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clinical Utility of Alpha Fetoprotein and HCCR-1, Alone or in Combination, in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis, Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    Hindawi Limited ; 2011
    In:  Disease Markers Vol. 30, No. 6 ( 2011), p. 307-315
    Details
    In: Disease Markers, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 30, No. 6 ( 2011), p. 307-315
    Abstract: Serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is the most widely used tumor marker in detecting patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it has been indicated that HCCR-1 (human cervical cancer oncogene 1) might be supplementary to AFP in the detection. We conducted a prospective study in 120 normal and 524 liver disease patients to evaluate the significance of simultaneous measurement of 2 tumor markers (AFP and HCCR-1) in the diagnosis of HCC through the cohort study in Korea and China. We also performed immunohistochemical studies using 25 normal subjects (N), 32 liver cirrhosis (LC) and 116 HCC tissues. The sensitivities of AFP (20 ng/mL) and HCCR-1 (10 ng/mL) in HCC were 55.8% (164/294) and 44.2% (130/294), respectively. When AFP was combined with HCCR-1, sensitivities increased to 4.2% (N), 12.7% (chronic hepatitis; CH), 50.0% (LC), and 77.2% (HCC), respectively. Although there was no significant difference in the diagnostic rate for HCC between AFP and HCCR-1, many cases for AFP-negative HCC were positive for HCCR-1 and vice versa. Moreover, the combined use of AFP and HCCR-1 improved the diagnostic rate to 70.8% in small HCC ( 〈 2 cm) and 81.6% in large HCC (≥ 2 cm), respectively. AFP and HCCR-1 are independent markers. Our result suggests that the HCCR-1 could be an useful biomarker for HCC while the diagnostic rate could be significantly improved in the combined use of HCCR-1 and AFP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0278-0240 , 1875-8630
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2011/698975
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033253-1
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Association between Genetic Polymorphism of Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene and Sasang Constitutions
    Hindawi Limited ; 2009
    In:  Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Vol. 6, No. s1 ( 2009), p. 73-80
    Details
    In: Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 6, No. s1 ( 2009), p. 73-80
    Abstract: Multidrug resistance 1 ( MDR1 ) is a gene that expresses P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a drug transporter protein. Genetic polymorphisms of MDR1 can be associated with Sasang constitutions because Sasang constitutional medicine (SCM) prescribes different drugs according to different constitutions. A Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Classification II (QSCC II) was used to diagnose Sasang constitutions. Two hundred and seven healthy people whose Sasang constitutions had been identified were tested. Genotype analyses, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and pyrosequencing were used in MDR1 C1236T, and in MDR1 G2677T/A and C3435T, respectively. Significant differences in MDR1 C1236T genotypes were found between So-yangin and So-eumin. MDR1 G2677T/A genotype also showed significant differences in allele distribution between So-yangin and Tae-eumin. So-yangin and So-eumin showed significant differences in the distribution of both 1236C-2677G-3435C and 1236T-2677G-3435T, haplotypes of MDR1 . The genetic polymorphism of the MDR1 gene was thus shown to be an indicator that could distinguish So-yangin from other constitutions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1741-427X , 1741-4288
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep118
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2148302-4
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Intracellular Calcium Determines the Adipogenic Differentiation Potential of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells via the Wnt5a/ β -Catenin Signaling Pathway
    Hindawi Limited ; 2018
    In:  Stem Cells International Vol. 2018 ( 2018-07-11), p. 1-17
    Details
    In: Stem Cells International, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2018 ( 2018-07-11), p. 1-17
    Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells- (MSCs-) based therapies show different degrees of efficacies for the treatment of various diseases, including lipogenesis. We evaluated the adipogenic differentiation ability of human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (hUCB-MSCs) from different donors and examined the contribution of the intracellular calcium (Ca 2+ ) level to this diversity. hUCB-MSCs treated with Ca 2+ or the Ca 2+ chelator BAPTA-AM increased and decreased adipogenic differentiation, respectively. Canonical Wnt5a/ β -catenin expression decreased during adipogenic differentiation of hUCB-MSCs. Treatment with Wnt5a blocked the adipogenic differentiation of hUCB-MSCs and activated the Wnt pathway, with a decrease in the adipogenesis markers PPAR γ and leptin, and reduced lipid vacuole-associated Oil red O activity. In contrast, inhibition of the Wnt pathway with dickkopf-1 and β -catenin small interfering RNA transfection promoted the adipogenic potential of hUCB-MSCs. Interestingly, the Ca 2+ -based system exhibited a synergic effect on adipogenic potential through the Wnt5a/ β -catenin pathway. Our data suggest that the variable adipogenic differentiation potential of hUCB-MSCs from different lots is due to variation in the intracellular Ca 2+ level, which can be used as a marker to predict hUCB-MSCs selection for lipogenesis therapy. Overall, these results demonstrate that exogenous calcium treatment enhanced the adipogenic differentiation of hUCB-MSCs via negatively regulating the Wnt5a/ β -catenin signaling pathway.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-966X , 1687-9678
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2018/6545071
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2573856-2
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    A Small-Sized Population of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Shows High Stemness Properties and Therapeutic Benefit
    Hindawi Limited ; 2020
    In:  Stem Cells International Vol. 2020 ( 2020-04-28), p. 1-17
    Details
    In: Stem Cells International, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2020 ( 2020-04-28), p. 1-17
    Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising means to promote tissue regeneration. However, the heterogeneity of MSCs impedes their use for regenerative medicine. Further investigation of this phenotype is required to develop cell therapies with improved clinical efficacy. Here, a small-sized population of human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (UCB-MSCs) was isolated using a filter and centrifuge system to analyze its stem cell characteristics. Consequently, this population showed higher cell growth and lower senescence. Additionally, it exhibited diverse stem cell properties including differentiation, stemness, and adhesion, as compared to those of the population before isolation. Using cell surface protein array or sorting analysis, both EGFR and CD49f were identified as markers associated with the small-sized population. Accordingly, suppression of these surface proteins abolished the superior characteristics of this population. Moreover, compared to that with large or nonisolated populations, the small-sized population showed greater therapeutic efficacy by promoting the engraftment potential of infused cells and reducing lung damage in an emphysema mouse model. Therefore, the isolation of this small-sized population of UCB-MSCs could be a simple and effective way to enhance the efficacy of cell therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-966X , 1687-9678
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2020/5924983
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2573856-2
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Soluble PTX3 of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates Hyperoxic Lung Injury by Activating Macrophage Polarization in Neonatal Rat Model
    Hindawi Limited ; 2020
    In:  Stem Cells International Vol. 2020 ( 2020-01-23), p. 1-18
    Details
    In: Stem Cells International, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2020 ( 2020-01-23), p. 1-18
    Abstract: Therapeutic treatment of various inflammation-related diseases using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has increased in recent years because of the paracrine action of these cells but shows several limitations. First, MSC-based therapies exhibit varying efficacies; thus, biomarkers should be determined to identify who may benefit from these candidate therapeutic agents. Second, the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects is poorly understood. To evaluate the effects of human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (UCB-MSCs) on macrophages, the macrophage cell line NR8383 stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was cocultured by UCB-MSCs. We found that UCB-MSCs mediated changes in macrophage polarization towards M2 from M1 macrophages. To identify the paracrine action underlying the anti-inflammation effect of UCB-MSCs, the secretion of UCB-MSCs exposed to LPS-stimulated NR8383 cells was tested using a biotin label-based 507 antibody array. Among the secreted proteins, we selected pentraxin-related protein PTX3/tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 14 protein (PTX3) to investigate its association with UCB-MSCs in macrophage polarization. We found that human PTX3 was secreted from UCB-MSCs under inflammation condition and reinforced the M2 macrophage marker via the Dectin-1 receptor by activating MSK1/2 phosphorylation signaling in NR8383 cells. Accordingly, knockdown of PTX3 in UCB-MSCs significantly attenuated their therapeutic effects in a neonatal hyperoxic lung injury resulting in reduced survival, lung alveolarization, M2 marker expression, Dectin-1 levels, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and improved M1 marker expression and inflammatory cytokines compared to control MSC-injected rats. UCB-MSCs show therapeutic potential by controlling macrophage polarization. Interestingly, higher PTX3 levels in UCB-MSCs induced greater improvement in the therapeutic effects than lower PTX3 levels. Collectively, PTX3 is a potential marker with critical paracrine effects for predicting the therapeutic potential of MSC therapy in inflammatory diseases; quality control assessments using PTX3 may be useful for improving the therapeutic effects of UCB-MSCs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-966X , 1687-9678
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2020/1802976
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2573856-2
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Positively Correlated CD47 Activation and Autophagy in Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Senescence
    Hindawi Limited ; 2021
    In:  Stem Cells International Vol. 2021 ( 2021-4-15), p. 1-13
    Details
    In: Stem Cells International, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2021 ( 2021-4-15), p. 1-13
    Abstract: Autophagy plays a critical role in stem cell maintenance and is related to cell growth and cellular senescence. It is important to find a quality-control marker for predicting senescent cells. This study verified that CD47 could be a candidate to select efficient mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to enhance the therapeutic effects of stem cell therapy by analyzing the antibody surface array. CD47 expression was significantly decreased during the expansion of MSCs in vitro ( p 〈 0.01 ), with decreased CD47 expression correlated with accelerated senescence phenotype, which affected cell growth. UCB-MSCs transfected with CD47 siRNA significantly triggered the downregulation of pRB and upregulation of pp38, which are senescence-related markers. Additionally, autophagy-related markers, ATG5, ATG12, Beclin1, and LC3B, revealed significant downregulation with CD47 siRNA transfection. Furthermore, autophagy flux following treatment with an autophagy inducer, rapamycin, has shown that CD47 is a key player in autophagy and senescence to maintain and regulate the growth of MSCs, suggesting that CD47 may be a critical key marker for the selection of effective stem cells in cell therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-9678 , 1687-966X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2021/5582792
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2573856-2
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  • 10
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    Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) in Drug Resistance and their Therapeutic Implications in Cancer Treatment
    Hindawi Limited ; 2018
    In:  Stem Cells International Vol. 2018 ( 2018), p. 1-16
    Details
    In: Stem Cells International, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2018 ( 2018), p. 1-16
    Abstract: Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells (TICs), are suggested to be responsible for drug resistance and cancer relapse due in part to their ability to self-renew themselves and differentiate into heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells. Thus, it is important to understand the characteristics and mechanisms by which CSCs display resistance to therapeutic agents. In this review, we highlight the key features and mechanisms that regulate CSC function in drug resistance as well as recent breakthroughs of therapeutic approaches for targeting CSCs. This promises new insights of CSCs in drug resistance and provides better therapeutic rationales to accompany novel anticancer therapeutics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-966X , 1687-9678
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2018/5416923
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2573856-2
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