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  • 1
    In: Canadian Respiratory Journal, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2003), p. 265-270
    Kurzfassung: BACKGROUND: To determine whether outcomes of pneumonia among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive persons differed from those among HIV-negative persons. METHODS: Alberta hospital patient abstracts for HIV-positive persons requiring hospitalization for pneumonia from April 1, 1994, until March 31, 1999, were matched by age and sex with four HIV-negative counterparts. RESULTS: Hospitalizations for community-acquired pneumonia decreased for those with HIV (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]) and increased for those with HIV (non-AIDS) during the study period. HIV (AIDS) patients admitted for community -acquired pneumonia (n=130) manifested three times higher odds for a longer length of hospital stay and had three and 10 times higher odds for excess in-hospital and one-year mortality, respectively, than their matched controls. Similarly, HIV (non-AIDS) patients admitted for community-acquired pneumonia (n=46) manifested two times higher odds for a longer length of hospital stay and had four times higher odds for excess one-year mortality than their matched controls. The in-hospital and one-year mortality rates for the HIV (AIDS) patients were 21.2% and 64.3%, respectively, during the first three years, and decreased to 8.7% and 40.7%, respectively, in the last two years of the study. CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes for community-acquired pneumonia were worse for those with HIV (non-AIDS) and HIV (AIDS) compared with non-HIV hospitalized patients matched for age and sex, and controlling for severity of illness and comorbidity. In-hospital and one-year mortality rates for patients with HIV (AIDS) showed a marked decline over the study period.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1198-2241
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Hindawi Limited
    Publikationsdatum: 2003
    ZDB Id: 2207107-6
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    In: Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2001), p. 357-363
    Kurzfassung: OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence and risk factors for acute hepatitis B and acute hepatitis C in a defined Canadian population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An enhanced surveillance system was established in October 1998 to identify cases of acute hepatitis B and C infections in four regions in Canada, with a total population of approximately 3.2 million people. Information on demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory results and potential risk factors was collected using predefined questionnaires. RESULTS: A total of 79 cases of acute hepatitis B and 102 cases of acute hepatitis C were identified from October 1998 to December 1999, resulting in an incidence rate of 2.3 and 2.9/100,000 person-years, respectively. Males had higher incidence rates than females. The incidence of acute hepatitis B peaked at age 30 to 39 years for both males and females, whereas acute hepatitis C peaked at 30 to 39 years for males and 15 to 29 years for females. At least 34% of acute hepatitis B and 63% of acute hepatitis C were associated with injection drug use. Persons who were 15 to 39 years of age were more likely to report injection drug use as a risk factor. Heterosexual contact was reported to be a risk factor for 36.6% of acute hepatitis B cases and 3.5% of acute hepatitis C cases. CONCLUSIONS: The surveillance provides national incidence estimates of clinically recognized acute hepatitis B and C. Both hepatitis B and C are important public health threats to Canadians. Prevention efforts for both diseases should focus on injection drug use, especially for people aged 15 to 39 years. Risky sexual behaviour is also a major concern in prevention of hepatitis B in Canada.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1180-2332
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Hindawi Limited
    Publikationsdatum: 2001
    ZDB Id: 2207109-X
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Hindawi Limited ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Nanomaterials Vol. 2013 ( 2013), p. 1-11
    In: Journal of Nanomaterials, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2013 ( 2013), p. 1-11
    Kurzfassung: The preparation of free-standing carbon nanotube “buckypaper” (BP) membranes consisting of either single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), and the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (cipro), is reported. The electrical, mechanical and morphological properties of these membranes have been characterised and are compared to those of the corresponding buckypaper membranes containing the surfactant Triton X-100 (Trix). Analysis of scanning electron microscopic images of the surfaces of SWNT/cipro and SWNT/Trix (Trix  =  Triton X-100) buckypapers revealed that the diameter of their surface pores was significantly smaller than that of the corresponding materials prepared using MWNTs. Similarly, the average internal pore diameter of both SWNT buckypapers was found to be smaller than that of their MWNT counterparts, after analysis of binding isotherms derived from nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements performed on the materials. All four buckypaper membranes examined were found to be 〉 99% effective for removing Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) from aqueous suspensions. However, buckypapers containing ciprofloxacin outperformed their counterparts containing the surfactant. Both MWNT buckypapers were more effective at preventing passage of E. coli than their analogues containing SWNTs, while fluorescence microscopic examination of stained membrane surfaces demonstrated that buckypapers composed of SWNTs had greater bactericidal properties.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1687-4110 , 1687-4129
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Hindawi Limited
    Publikationsdatum: 2013
    ZDB Id: 2229480-6
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Hindawi Limited ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Toxicology Vol. 2013 ( 2013), p. 1-8
    In: Journal of Toxicology, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2013 ( 2013), p. 1-8
    Kurzfassung: Background . Increasing concern is evident about contamination of foodstuffs and natural health products. Methods . Common off-the-shelf varieties of black, green, white, and oolong teas sold in tea bags were used for analysis in this study. Toxic element testing was performed on 30 different teas by analyzing (i) tea leaves, (ii) tea steeped for 3-4 minutes, and (iii) tea steeped for 15–17 minutes. Results were compared to existing preferred endpoints. Results . All brewed teas contained lead with 73% of teas brewed for 3 minutes and 83% brewed for 15 minutes having lead levels considered unsafe for consumption during pregnancy and lactation. Aluminum levels were above recommended guidelines in 20% of brewed teas. No mercury was found at detectable levels in any brewed tea samples. Teas contained several beneficial elements such as magnesium, calcium, potassium, and phosphorus. Of trace minerals, only manganese levels were found to be excessive in some black teas. Conclusions . Toxic contamination by heavy metals was found in most of the teas sampled. Some tea samples are considered unsafe. There are no existing guidelines for routine testing or reporting of toxicant levels in “naturally” occurring products. Public health warnings or industry regulation might be indicated to protect consumer safety.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1687-8191 , 1687-8205
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Hindawi Limited
    Publikationsdatum: 2013
    ZDB Id: 2495098-1
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Hindawi Limited ; 2015
    In:  The Scientific World Journal Vol. 2015 ( 2015), p. 1-8
    In: The Scientific World Journal, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2015 ( 2015), p. 1-8
    Kurzfassung: In clinical medicine, increasing attention is being directed towards the important areas of nutritional biochemistry and toxicant bioaccumulation as they relate to human health and chronic disease. Optimal nutritional status, including healthy levels of vitamin D and essential minerals, is requisite for proper physiological function; conversely, accrual of toxic elements has the potential to impair normal physiology. It is evident that vitamin D intake can facilitate the absorption and assimilation of essential inorganic elements (such as calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron, and selenium) but also the uptake of toxic elements (such as lead, arsenic, aluminum, cobalt, and strontium). Furthermore, sufficiency of essential minerals appears to resist the uptake of toxic metals. This paper explores the literature to determine a suitable clinical approach with regard to vitamin D and essential mineral intake to achieve optimal biological function and to avoid harm in order to prevent and overcome illness. It appears preferable to secure essential mineral status in conjunction with adequate vitamin D, as intake of vitamin D in the absence of mineral sufficiency may result in facilitation of toxic element absorption with potential adverse clinical outcomes.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2356-6140 , 1537-744X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Hindawi Limited
    Publikationsdatum: 2015
    ZDB Id: 2075968-X
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    In: Journal of Cardiac Surgery, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 35, No. 2 ( 2020-02), p. 304-312
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0886-0440 , 1540-8191
    URL: Issue
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Hindawi Limited
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2108425-7
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Hindawi Limited ; 2013
    In:  The Scientific World Journal Vol. 2013 ( 2013), p. 1-3
    In: The Scientific World Journal, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2013 ( 2013), p. 1-3
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1537-744X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Hindawi Limited
    Publikationsdatum: 2013
    ZDB Id: 2075968-X
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Hindawi Limited ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Environmental and Public Health Vol. 2012 ( 2012), p. 1-2
    In: Journal of Environmental and Public Health, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2012 ( 2012), p. 1-2
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1687-9805 , 1687-9813
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Hindawi Limited
    Publikationsdatum: 2012
    ZDB Id: 2526611-1
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Hindawi Limited ; 2017
    In:  Scientifica Vol. 2017 ( 2017), p. 1-14
    In: Scientifica, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2017 ( 2017), p. 1-14
    Kurzfassung: The scientific literature provides extensive evidence of widespread magnesium deficiency and the potential need for magnesium repletion in diverse medical conditions. Magnesium is an essential element required as a cofactor for over 300 enzymatic reactions and is thus necessary for the biochemical functioning of numerous metabolic pathways. Inadequate magnesium status may impair biochemical processes dependent on sufficiency of this element. Emerging evidence confirms that nearly two-thirds of the population in the western world is not achieving the recommended daily allowance for magnesium, a deficiency problem contributing to various health conditions. This review assesses available medical and scientific literature on health issues related to magnesium. A traditional integrated review format was utilized for this study. Level I evidence supports the use of magnesium in the prevention and treatment of many common health conditions including migraine headache, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, asthma, premenstrual syndrome, preeclampsia, and various cardiac arrhythmias. Magnesium may also be considered for prevention of renal calculi and cataract formation, as an adjunct or treatment for depression, and as a therapeutic intervention for many other health-related disorders. In clinical practice, optimizing magnesium status through diet and supplementation appears to be a safe, useful, and well-documented therapy for several medical conditions.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2090-908X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Hindawi Limited
    Publikationsdatum: 2017
    ZDB Id: 2672321-9
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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