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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Astragalus membranaceus–Derived Anti-Programmed Death-1 Monoclonal Antibodies with Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Effects against Tumors
    Hindawi Limited ; 2020
    In:  BioMed Research International Vol. 2020 ( 2020-03-04), p. 1-11
    Details
    In: BioMed Research International, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2020 ( 2020-03-04), p. 1-11
    Abstract: Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide (APS) components are main ingredients of TCM and have proven efficacy to activate T cells and B cells, enhancing immunity in humans. In this study, elevated cytokine and anti-PD-1 antibody titers were found in mice after immunization with APS. Therefore, phage-display technology was utilized to isolate specific anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibodies from mice stimulated by APS and to confirm whether the isolated anti-PD-1 antibody could inhibit the interaction of PD-1 with the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), resulting in tumor growth inhibition. The isolated single-chain fragment variable (scFv) S12 exhibited the highest binding affinity of 20 nM to PD-1, completed the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1, and blocked the effect of PD-L1-induced T cell exhaustion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. In the animal model, the tumor growth inhibition effect after scFv S12 treatment was approximately 48%. However, meaningful synergistic effects were not observed when scFv S12 was used as a cotreatment with ixabepilone. Moreover, this treatment caused a reduction in the number of tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor tissue. These experimental results indirectly indicate the ability of APS to induce specific antibodies associated with the immune checkpoint system and the potential benefits for improving immunity in humans.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2314-6133 , 2314-6141
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2020/3415471
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2698540-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Therapeutic Effect of Superficial Acupuncture in Treating Myofascial Pain of the Upper Trapezius Muscle: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    Hindawi Limited ; 2018
    In:  Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Vol. 2018 ( 2018-12-02), p. 1-7
    Details
    In: Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2018 ( 2018-12-02), p. 1-7
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the treatment efficacies of superficial acupuncture and traditional acupuncture on trigger points of the upper trapezius muscle. Forty people were recruited and randomly allocated to the traditional and superficial acupuncture groups. Each subject received two treatments per week in a four-week period. Outcomes were measured by visual analogue scale (VAS), the Northwick Park neck pain questionnaire scores (NPQ), and pressure pain threshold (PPT) assessments of trigger points. Data collected before the interventions were considered as baseline. Assessments were performed after the first treatment and at the end of the second and fourth weeks of treatment. Patients reported significant (p 〈 0.05) and immediate improvements in VAS and PPT for both superficial acupuncture and traditional acupuncture after the first treatment and after two and four weeks. Significant improvements (p 〈 0.05) in NPQ were attained after two weeks of treatments in both groups. Because superficial acupuncture is associated with less pain while producing immediate pain relief, we recommend it for treating myofascial pain syndrome in the upper trapezius muscle.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1741-427X , 1741-4288
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2018/9125746
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2148302-4
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vitamin D Can Ameliorate Chlorhexidine Gluconate-Induced Peritoneal Fibrosis and Functional Deterioration through the Inhibition of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Mesothelial Cells
    Hindawi Limited ; 2015
    In:  BioMed Research International Vol. 2015 ( 2015), p. 1-12
    Details
    In: BioMed Research International, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2015 ( 2015), p. 1-12
    Abstract: Background . Peritoneal dialysis (PD) can induce fibrosis and functional alterations in PD patients’ peritoneal membranes, due to long-term unphysiological dialysate exposure, partially occurring via triggering of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in peritoneal mesothelial cells (MCs). Vitamin D can ameliorate these negative effects; however, the mechanism remains unexplored. Therefore, we investigated its possible links to MCs EMT inhibition. Methods . Peritoneal fibrosis was established in Sprague-Dawley rats by chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) intraperitoneal injection for 21 days, with and without 1 α ,25(OH) 2 D 3 treatment. Morphological and functional evaluation and western blot analysis of EMT marker were performed upon peritoneum tissue. In vitro study was also performed in a primary human peritoneal MC culture system; MCs were incubated with transforming growth factor- β 1 (TGF- β 1) in the absence or presence of 1 α ,25(OH) 2 D 3 . EMT marker expression, migration activities, and cytoskeleton redistribution of MCs were determined. Results . 1 α ,25(OH) 2 D 3 ameliorated CG-induced morphological and functional deterioration in animal model, along with CG-induced upregulation of α -SMA and downregulation of E-cadherin expression. Meanwhile, 1 α ,25(OH) 2 D 3 also ameliorated TGF- β 1-induced decrease in E-cadherin expression, increase in Snai1 and α -SMA expression, intracellular F-actin redistribution, and migration activity in vitro . Conclusion . 1 α ,25(OH) 2 D 3 can ameliorate CG-induced peritoneal fibrosis and attenuate functional deterioration through inhibiting MC EMT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2314-6133 , 2314-6141
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2015/595030
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2698540-8
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rosiglitazone Regulates Anti-Inflammation and Growth Inhibition via PTEN
    Hindawi Limited ; 2014
    In:  BioMed Research International Vol. 2014 ( 2014), p. 1-14
    Details
    In: BioMed Research International, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2014 ( 2014), p. 1-14
    Abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ ) agonist has anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. However, the mechanisms by which PPAR γ agonist rosiglitazone interferes with inflammation and cancer via phosphatase and tensin homolog-(PTEN)-dependent pathway remain unclear. We found that lower doses ( 〈 25  μ M) of rosiglitazone significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-(LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) release (via inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS), prostaglandin E2 (PGE 2 ) production (via cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2), and activation of Akt in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. However, rosiglitazone did not inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In PTEN knockdown (shPTEN) cells exposed to LPS, rosiglitazone did not inhibit NO release, PGE 2 production, and activation of Akt. These cells had elevated basal levels of iNOS, COX-2, and ROS. However, higher doses (25–100  μ M) of rosiglitazone, without LPS stimulation, did not block NO release and PGE 2 productions, but they inhibited p38 MAPK phosphorylation and blocked ROS generation in shPTEN cells. In addition, rosiglitazone caused G1 arrest and reduced the number of cells in S + G2/M phase, leading to growth inhibition. These results indicate that the anti-inflammatory property of rosiglitazone is related to regulation of PTEN independent of inhibition on ROS production. However, rosiglitazone affected the dependence of PTEN-deficient cell growth on ROS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2314-6133 , 2314-6141
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2014/787924
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2698540-8
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SEPT12 mutations cause male infertility with defective sperm annulus
    Hindawi Limited ; 2012
    In:  Human Mutation Vol. 33, No. 4 ( 2012-04), p. 710-719
    Details
    In: Human Mutation, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 33, No. 4 ( 2012-04), p. 710-719
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1059-7794
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/humu.22028
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498165-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxidative Stress and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Hemodialysis Patients
    Hindawi Limited ; 2018
    In:  BioMed Research International Vol. 2018 ( 2018-11-01), p. 1-7
    Details
    In: BioMed Research International, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2018 ( 2018-11-01), p. 1-7
    Abstract: Introduction . Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming more common around the world and it may progress to cirrhosis and liver failure, increasing mortality risk. In hemodialysis (HD) patients, NAFLD may be a novel risk factor for their high cardiovascular mortality. Heightened oxidative stress is highly prevalent in HD patients. However, the relationship between oxidative stress and NAFLD in HD patients is not well defined. Methods . We studied seventy-one stable nondiabetic HD patients. Nineteen patients had the diagnosis of NAFLD by ultrasonography. Blood levels of oxidative stress markers were measured in each patient, including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), free thiols, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. The copy numbers of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in peripheral leukocytes were also determined. Demographic, biochemistry, and hemogram data were recorded. The two groups of patients were compared in order to determine the factors associated with NAFLD in HD patients. Findings . Compared to those without NAFLD, nondiabetic HD patients with NAFLD had significantly higher mtDNA copy number and GPx levels. The two groups did not differ significantly in dialysis adequacy, hemoglobin, serum calcium, phosphorus, albumin, liver function tests, or lipid profiles. Regression analysis confirmed mtDNA copy numbers and GPx levels as two independent factors associated with NAFLD. Compared to those with polysulfone, patients dialyzed with cellulose membrane have significantly higher levels of TBARS. However, patients with or without NAFLD did not differ in their use of either dialysis membrane. Discussion . Oxidative stress (represented by antioxidant defense, GPx) and mitochondrial DNA copy numbers are independently associated with fatty liver disease in nondiabetic HD patients. The diagnostic and therapeutic implications of this key observation warrant further exploration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2314-6133 , 2314-6141
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2018/3961748
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2698540-8
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adsorption Removal of Environmental Hormones of Dimethyl Phthalate Using Novel Magnetic Adsorbent
    Hindawi Limited ; 2015
    In:  The Scientific World Journal Vol. 2015 ( 2015), p. 1-8
    Details
    In: The Scientific World Journal, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2015 ( 2015), p. 1-8
    Abstract: Magnetic polyvinyl alcohol adsorbent M-PVAL was employed to remove and concentrate dimethyl phthalate DMP. The M-PVAL was prepared after sequential syntheses of magnetic Fe 3 O 4 (M) and polyvinyl acetate (M-PVAC). The saturated magnetizations of M, M-PVAC, and M-PVAL are 57.2, 26.0, and 43.2 emu g −1 with superparamagnetism, respectively. The average size of M-PVAL by number is 0.75  μ m in micro size. Adsorption experiments include three cases: (1) adjustment of initial pH (pH 0 ) of solution to 5, (2) no adjustment of pH 0 with value in 6.04–6.64, and (3) adjusted pH 0 = 7. The corresponding saturated amounts of adsorption of unimolecular layer of Langmuir isotherm are 4.01, 5.21, and 4.22 mg g −1 , respectively. Values of heterogeneity factor of Freundlich isotherm are 2.59, 2.19, and 2.59 which are greater than 1, revealing the favorable adsorption of DMP/M-PVAL system. Values of adsorption activation energy per mole of Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm are, respectively, of low values of 7.04, 6.48, and 7.19 kJ mol −1 , indicating the natural occurring of the adsorption process studied. The tiny size of adsorbent makes the adsorption take place easily while its superparamagnetism is beneficial for the separation and recovery of micro adsorbent from liquid by applying magnetic field after completion of adsorption.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2356-6140 , 1537-744X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2015/903706
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2075968-X
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Control of In Vivo Transport and Toxicity of Nanoparticles by Tea Melanin
    Hindawi Limited ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Nanomaterials Vol. 2012 ( 2012), p. 1-11
    Details
    In: Journal of Nanomaterials, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2012 ( 2012), p. 1-11
    Abstract: Nanoparticles are unfamiliar to researchers in toxicology. Toxicity may be generated simply due to the reduction in size. Compounds that prevent or cure toxic materials may not work on nanoparticles. Furthermore, as there are more and more applications of nanoparticles in drug delivery and in vivo imaging, controlling the transport and toxicity will be primary concerns for medical application of nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) if injected intraperitoneally into mice can enter hippocampus and induce cognitive impairment. GNPs caused a global imbalance of monoamine levels, specifically affecting the dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons. Pretreatment of tea melanin significantly prevented the deposition of GNPs in mouse brains, especially in the hippocampus. Pretreatment of melanin completely alleviated GNP-induced impairment of cognition. Pre-administration of melanin stably maintained monoamines at normal profiles. Melanin completely prevented the invasion of GNPs into the Cornu Ammonis region of the hippocampus shown by coherent anti-Stoke Raman scattering microscopy. Here we show that the administration of tea melanin prevented the accumulation of Au in brain, the imbalance of monoamines, and the impairment of cognition in mice. The current study provides a therapeutic approach to toxicity of nanoparticles and a novel strategy to control the transport of GNP in mouse brain.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1687-4110 , 1687-4129
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2012/746960
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2229480-6
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