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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quality of Chronic Anticoagulation Control in Patients with Intracranial Haemorrhage due to Vitamin K Antagonists
    Hindawi Limited ; 2018
    In:  Stroke Research and Treatment Vol. 2018 ( 2018-08-02), p. 1-6
    Details
    In: Stroke Research and Treatment, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2018 ( 2018-08-02), p. 1-6
    Abstract: Introduction . Patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are at increased risk of intracranial haemorrhage (ICH). The purpose of our study was to determine the quality of previous anticoagulation control in patients with VKA-associated ICH. Materials and Methods . We prospectively assessed every consecutive patient admitted to our stroke unit with VKA-associated ICH between 2013 and 2016. Demographic, clinical, and radiological variables, as well as consecutive international normalized ratios (INR) during 7 previous months, were extracted. Time in therapeutic range (TTR), time over range (TOR), time below range (TBR), and percentage of INR within range (PINRR) were calculated. Results and Discussion . The study population comprised 53 patients. Mean age was 79 years; 42% were women. Forty-eight patients had atrial fibrillation (AF) and 5 mechanical prosthetic valves. Therapeutic or infratherapeutic INR on arrival was detected in 64.4% of patients (95% CI 2.7 to 3.2). TTR was 67.8% (95% CI: 60.2 to 75.6 %) and PINRR was 75% (95% CI: 49.9-100). TOR was 17.2% (95% CI: 10.4 to 23.9% ) and TBR was 17% (95% CI: 10.6 to 23.9%). Conclusion. VKA-associated ICH happens usually in the context of good chronic anticoagulation control. Newer risk assessment methods are required.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2090-8105 , 2042-0056
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2018/5613103
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2573724-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Immunomodulatory Effects Mediated by Serotonin
    Hindawi Limited ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Immunology Research Vol. 2015 ( 2015), p. 1-21
    Details
    In: Journal of Immunology Research, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2015 ( 2015), p. 1-21
    Abstract: Serotonin (5-HT) induces concentration-dependent metabolic effects in diverse cell types, including neurons, entherochromaffin cells, adipocytes, pancreatic beta-cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, epithelial cells, and leukocytes. Three classes of genes regulating 5-HT function are constitutively expressed or induced in these cells: (a) membrane proteins that regulate the response to 5-HT, such as SERT, 5HTR-GPCR, and the 5HT 3 -ion channels; (b) downstream signaling transduction proteins; and (c) enzymes controlling 5-HT metabolism, such as IDO and MAO, which can generate biologically active catabolites, including melatonin, kynurenines, and kynurenamines. This review covers the clinical and experimental mechanisms involved in 5-HT-induced immunomodulation. These mechanisms are cell-specific and depend on the expression of serotonergic components in immune cells. Consequently, 5-HT can modulate several immunological events, such as chemotaxis, leukocyte activation, proliferation, cytokine secretion, anergy, and apoptosis. The effects of 5-HT on immune cells may be relevant in the clinical outcome of pathologies with an inflammatory component. Major depression, fibromyalgia, Alzheimer disease, psoriasis, arthritis, allergies, and asthma are all associated with changes in the serotonergic system associated with leukocytes. Thus, pharmacological regulation of the serotonergic system may modulate immune function and provide therapeutic alternatives for these diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2314-8861 , 2314-7156
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2015/354957
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2817541-4
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inflammatory Profiles in Depressed Adolescents Treated with Fluoxetine: An 8-Week Follow-up Open Study
    Hindawi Limited ; 2018
    In:  Mediators of Inflammation Vol. 2018 ( 2018-12-18), p. 1-12
    Details
    In: Mediators of Inflammation, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2018 ( 2018-12-18), p. 1-12
    Abstract: Changes in cytokine levels in major depression and during treatment have been reported in adults. However, few studies have examined cytokine levels in an adolescent sample despite this being a common age of onset. Methods . We measured proinflammatory (IL-2, IFN- γ , IL-1 β , TNF- α , IL-6, IL-12, and IL-15) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-1Ra, and IL-10) cytokine serum levels in 22 adolescents with major depression and 18 healthy volunteers. Cytokines were measured by multiplex bead-based immunoassays at baseline, and 4 and 8 weeks after commencement of fluoxetine administration in the clinical group. Results . Compared to healthy volunteers, adolescents with major depression at baseline showed significant increases in all pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, except IL-1Ra and IL-10. Significant changes were observed in fluoxetine treatment compared to baseline: proinflammatory cytokines IFN- γ , IL-1 β , TNF- α , IL-6, IL-12, and IL-15 were decreased only at week 4 whereas IL-2 was increased only at week 8; anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 were increased at week 8 while IL-1Ra was reduced only at week 4. There were no significant correlations between cytokine levels and symptomatic improvement in HDRS. Discussion . The results suggest a significant interplay between cytokine levels, the depressive state, and the stage of treatment with an SSRI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in depressed adolescents with elevated IL-12, IL-13, and IL-15 levels. Further studies are necessary to clarify the role and mechanisms of altered cytokine levels in the pathogenesis and physiopathology of major depressive disorder.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-9351 , 1466-1861
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2018/4074051
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008065-7
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