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  • Springer  (39)
  • GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 225 (1987), S. 239-243 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 33-year-old woman underwent bone-marrow transplantation following radiation and chemotherapy for chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML); immunosuppressive therapy was continued for graft-versus-host disease. Five months after successful transplantation, she developed necrotizing retinitis in both eyes with rapid progression over the following weeks. Due to her immunosuppressed state the patient developed pneumonia and died. Postmortem evaluation of the retinal lesions in both eyes disclosed infection byToxoplasma gondii, which was also found in the brain and myocardium. Multiple viable toxoplasmic cysts were observed at the transition zone from a necrotic to a normal retina. Additionally, cysts ofToxoplasma gondii were seen in the adjacent intact retina and in areas of necrosis with almost complete absence of retinal or choroidal inflammation. Toxoplasmosis should therefore be considered along with fungi and viruses in the differential diagnosis of necrotizing retinochoroiditis in immunocompromised patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ground-based ionosonde and magnetic-field observations on the equatorial station Huancayo, ESRO4 neutral-composition measurements, and theoretical model calculations were used to analyze disturbed E×B vertical plasma drift during the phase of solar minimum in 1973. Vertical drifts calculated for disturbed days do not show the systematic decrease often mentioned in publications, and demonstrate strong dependence on IMF-Bz changes. It is confirmed with the help of our drift calculations that Bz turnings to a northward direction result in a decrease (up to reversal) of normal Sq (eastward during daytime and westward at nighttime) in the zonal component of electric field. Southward Bz excursions enhance normal Ey both in daytime and nighttime hours. Model predictions of Ey’s reaction to IMF-Bz changes are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 67 (1980), S. 48-49 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 29 (1977), S. 347-366 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Horizontal Cells ; Cat retina ; Frequency transfer ; Local oscillations ; Flicker responses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intracellular responses of horizontal cells in the retina were recorded from the intact eye in situ of anesthetized and paralyzed cats. The responses to large (15×15 °) high modulation (0.6–0.9) photopic (140–200 cd/m2) sinewave light stimuli could be grouped unequivocally into three distinct classes on the basis of the critical flicker frequency (CFF); Hn-units had a CFF of 25–40 Hz, Hm-units of 55–70 Hz and Hw-units of 95–110 Hz. For some stimulus situations small oscillations could be seen in Hm-responses (resonance frequency of about 43 Hz) and Hw-responses (resonance frequency 95 Hz). Hn-responses never showed such an oscillatory tendency. Frequency transfer functions are presented for the three types of H-units and a phenomenological model is discussed that describes these results quantitatively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 29 (1977), S. 367-385 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Horizontal cells ; Retinal local circuit neurons ; Cat retina ; Flicker responses ; S-Potentials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the cat's retina we analyzed the sinewave light flicker response nonlinearity of Hm-type horizontal cells. (For a description of the three types of dynamic responses of cat retinal H-units see Foerster et al., 1977). For equal decreases in the Hm-response amplitude an increase in stimulus frequency had a much stronger linearizing effect than a decrease in stimulus area. Thus the distortion is not simply proportional to response amplitude. Both Hm- and Hn-units had frequency dependent nonlinear area-response functions. The receptive field of Hm-units increased dramatically with stimulus frequency, e.g. from 1 ° at 1 Hz to 8 ° or more at 44 Hz. Intensity transfer data could be described by the function Lb· (ob+Lb)−1 with b ≈ 1 for Hm-units and b ≈ 0.5 for Hn-units. Distortion values predicted from intensity transfer data were too high. It was also found that higher harmonics were attenuated more than the first harmonic at increasing frequencies. Therefore it appeared that some filtering preceded the amplitude compression stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 5 (1999), S. 805-812 
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Retinale Angiome werden unterschieden in solche vom kapillären Typ und solche vom kavernösen Typ. Daneben ist der Typ des razemösen Angioms beschrieben worden, mit dem im allgemeinen eine arterio-venöse Malformation beim Wyburn-Mason Syndrom bezeichnet wird [2]. In dieser Übersicht werden die kapillären Angiome abgehandelt, während die kavernösen Angiome differentialdiagnostisch erwähnt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hypotension ; Monitoring ; Elektroenzephalogramm ; Früh akustisch evozierte Potentiale (FAEP) ; Key words Hypotension ; Monitoring ; Electroencephalogram ; Brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract For surgical removal of a malignant choroid melanoma, it is necessary to reduce systolic blood pressure to around 50–60 mmHg in order to prevent choroidal haemorrhages. However, blood pressure reduction is associated with the risk of cerebral ischaemia. We report a patient with a malignant choroid melanoma in whom waves I and II of the brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) disappeared during surgery under controlled arterial hypotension and hypothermia (31.1° C). The waves could be recorded again immediately after the mean arterial pressure was increased from 48 to 77 mmHg. The oesophageal temperature had dropped by 0.3° C at this time. The 2-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) showed no irregularities during this time period. A bilateral, reversible, apparently blood-pressure-dependent loss of waves I and II during arterial hypotension despite a normal EEG has to our knowledge not been previously described in the literature. The isolated loss of waves I and II with maintenance of waves III, IV, and V is unusual. The literature contains reports of acoustic neurinoma patients in whom only wave V could be recorded. This is regarded as an indication of continued impulse conduction despite the loss of waves I to IV. Others have observed a patient with temporary and reversible loss of BAEP wave I due to vasospasm of the internal auditory artery that apparently occurred during or shortly after manipulation of the internal auditory meatus. Assuming anatomic peculiarities in the blood supply to the generators of the BAEP waves, a stenosis of the basilar artery could be considered as the cause of the bilateral reversible loss of waves I and II. Another potential source could be the induced hypothermia, but this does not seem very likely because the patient's temperature was 0.3° C lower at the return of the waves than at their loss.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über einen Patienten mit einem malignen Melanom der Aderhaut, bei dem es intraoperativ unter kontrollierter Hypotension und Hypothermie (31,3° C) zum Verlust der Wellen I und II der frühen akustisch evozierten Potentiale (FAEP) kam. Nach Anhebung des mittleren arteriellen Drucks von 48 auf 77 mmHg waren die FAEP-Wellen sofort wieder ableitbar, obwohl die ösophageale Temperatur um 0,3° C abgefallen war. Das ebenfalls abgeleitete 2-Kanal-Elektroenzephalogramm (EEG) zeigte im betreffenden Zeitraum keine Auffälligkeiten. Ein beidseitiger reversibler, offensichtlich blutdruckabhängiger Ausfall der Wellen I und II während Hypotension bei gleichzeitig unauffälligem EEG ist unseres Wissens bisher in der Literatur nicht beschrieben. Der isolierte Verlust der Wellen I und II bei erhaltenen Wellen III, IV und V ist ungewöhnlich. In der Literatur sind aber Patienten mit Akustikusneurinom beschrieben, bei denen nur die Welle V abgeleitet werden konnte. Ebenso ist ein Fall mit temporärem Verlust von FAEP-Welle I beschrieben. Als Ursache wird eine lokale Minderperfusion wegen Vasospasmus während Manipulationen in Strukturen des Meatus akustikus internus diskutiert. Ausgehend von anatomisch-physiologischen Besonderheiten der Blutversorgung der Generatoren der FAEP-Wellen kann eine Stenose der Arteria basilaris als Ursache für den beidseitigen reversiblen Ausfall der Wellen I und II diskutiert werden. Der Erhalt der Wellen III bis V könnte für eine retrograde Füllung der A. basilaris aus dem Stromgebiet des Circulus Willisii sprechen. Wir interpretieren den beidseitigen Ausfall der Wellen I und II als Folge der Minderperfusion des betreffenden Hirngewebes. Die gleichzeitig bestehende Hypothermie scheidet als Ursache für den temporären Verlust der Wellen I und II aus, weil die Temperatur des Patienten beim Wiederauftreten der Wellen I und II 0,3° C niedriger war als bei ihrem Verlust.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 59 (1994), S. 419-425 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.16.Ch ; 06.50.Dc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An artefact with a structure that appears as an ordered array of chains, several 1000 Å long and with distances of between 10 Å and 30 Å in STM images of HOPG is reported. The artefact, which emerges from a too low point density in the scanning grid during data aquisition in the scanning tunneling microscope, is explained using the atomically resolved image, the orientation of the substrate in the STM, the sequential character of data acquisition in scanning tunneling microscopy together with the limited number of data points for the reconstruction of STM images and related image-processing problems, and the specific noise spectrum of the tunneling current. The identification of the artefact is verified by a computer simulation of the STM images, which reproduces the experimental data in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 127 (1988), S. 447-471 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Interhemispheric coupling ; ionosphere ; plasmasphere ; nighttime winter anomaly ; thermal ion fluxes ; numerical modelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The nighttime winter anomaly (NWA) effect was observed during solar minimum conditions at the American sector by means of ionospheric electron content and vertical sounding measurements in Havana (Cuba). An effective interhemispheric transport of plasma is suggested to explain enhanced northern nighttime ionization during winter solstice. To elucidate this effect, an adequate physicalnumerical model of the coupled system ionosphere-plasmasphere is presented and applied to a corotating tube of plasma at L=1.5 in the American sector. The NWA can be explained by theoretically derived higher tube content during the December solstice and accordingly by more intense nighttime fluxes from the plasmasphere, compared to the June solstice.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Theoretical model calculations along with ground-based observations from Huancayo ionosonde station and ESRO-4 gas analyzer data, were used to estimate the contribution of neutral gas composition changes and E×B vertical plasma drift to the observed F2-layer storm effects at the geomagnetic equator. Atomic oxygen concentration increase may give the main contribution to the positive NmF2 effect when drift velocity changes are small, but negative storm effects, on the other hand, are related mostly to vertical drift variations.
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