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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vapor and liquid phase photolysis of then-butyl ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 8 (1979), S. 247-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Then-butyl ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the liquid and vapor phase was irradiated in a pyrex reactor for 188 hr by ultraviolet light of 300 nm using an intensity similar to that around 300 nm in the solar spectrum. In both phases, the ester was dechlorinated at theortho position together with simultaneous reduction and Photo-Fries rearrangement to produce volatile photo products. Ether bond cleavage to produce chlorophenols, and a Norrish Type II photoprocess, also occurred. A 79% mass balance was accounted for by volatile chlorinated organic residues. HC1 gas was also evolved. The production of Cl was also demonstrated in both vapor and liquid phases. The half time of decomposition was around 13 days. The possible effects of the volatile photoproducts on off-target plants were also noted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01056329
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mesenchymal-epithelial interactions in the bladder (1996)
    Springer
    World journal of urology 14 (1996), S. 301-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During bladder development, undifferentiated mesenchymal and epithelial cells undergo an orderly sequence of differentiation defined by the expression of smooth-muscle (α-actin, myosin, vinculin, desmin, vimentin, and laminin) and epithelial (cytokeratins 5, 7, 8, 14, 18 and 19) protein markers. This process requires mesenchymal-epithelial interactions with bladder epithelium (urothelium) necessary for the differentiation of bladder smooth muscle. Peptide growth factors such as keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and transforming growth factors (TGF) α and β are likely candidates as mediators of these mesenchymal-epithelial interactions. Transcripts for KGF, TGF α, and TGF β are regulated during bladder development and during smooth-muscle hypertrophy secondary to bladder-outlet obstruction. Finally, two experimental bladder models — (1) partial outlet obstruction and (2) regeneration of bladder smooth muscle into an acellular tissue matrix — are described in the context of mesenchymal-epithelial interactions in the bladder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00184602
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Selected Element Concentrations and Enrichment Ratiosin Background and Anthropogenically Impacted Roadside Areas (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 38 (2000), S. 428-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous research by the National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program found fish from Manoa Stream, Hawaii, to have the highest concentrations of Pb in the nation. To explore possible source linkages we sampled background (uncontaminated) soil, roadside soil, and road deposited sediment in Manoa watershed and analyzed them for total and extractable concentrations of Al, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Our concentration and enrichment ratio data indicate that Al, Co, Fe, Mn, and Ni were controlled by natural source variations, and Cu, Zn, and particularly Pb were anthropogenically enhanced. Labile Pb concentrations, extracted with either dilute HCl or EDTA, reached a maximum of 3,560 mg/kg compared to background values of 〈10 mg/kg. Additionally, 25% of the 169 contaminated samples analyzed had EDTA-extractable Pb enrichment ratios ≥11.5, where a value of 1 separates uncontaminated from contaminated media. Given the proximity of most samples to roadways it is reasonable to conclude that automotive emissions plus vehicle wear were the primary contributors of trace metals to the roadside system. These data are discussed in context with previous work on the fluvial bed sediments in this watershed in an attempt to examine the potential linkage with the biological accumulation of Pb in fish from Manoa watershed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002440010057
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CFU-C inhibitors in aplastic anaemia (1984)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 48 (1984), S. 61-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Aplastic anaemia ; CFU-C ; Lymphocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 15 patients with marrow aplasia were tested for their ability to inhibit the proliferation of normal granulopoietic precursor cells (CFU-C) in agar culture, relative to the inhibitory effect of normal lymphocytes studied in parallel. Eight of the 15 patients with marrow aplasia had lymphocytes which were significantly less inhibitory to normal CFU-C than controls whereas 3 patients had lymphocytes which were significantly more inhibitory. Two further patients who had recovered from marrow aplasia were also studied. The effect of patient's plasma and normal plasma on normal CFU-C proliferation was also studied and in 1 case a potent inhibitor of granulopoiesis was demonstrated. In 9 cases CFU-C could be cultured from patient's marrow, and parallel studies examining the effects of lymphocytes or plasma on patient's CFU-C. In none of the 9 marrow samples tested was inhibition by patient lymphocytes significantly greater than normal controls. The results highlight the heterogeneity inherent in the study of aplastic states and serve to underline the importance of controls. In only a minority of cases (20%) was lymphocyte suppression of normal granulopoiesis by lymphocytes from patients with aplastic anaemia significantly greater than normal lymphocyte suppression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320032
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of adjuvant disease by bacillusCalmette-Guérin (BCG) (1975)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 31 (1975), S. 367-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé Par l'administration du vaccin BCG nous avons observé la réduction des symptômes provoqués chez le rat par l'injection intradermique de l'adjuvant complet de Freund (maladie ou arthrite d'adjuvant). Cet effet peut être attribué à une action directe du BCG sur certaines populations de lymphocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01922590
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 39 (2000), S. 611-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Lead ; Bed sediments ; Enrichment ratios ; Modified index of geoaccumulation ; Manoa Stream ; Trace metals ; Spatial variation ; Phase associations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Of the 117 stream and lake systems sampled nationwide, fish from Manoa Stream on Oahu, Hawaii, have consistently shown the highest Pb concentrations. Therefore a detailed study was conducted to examine total metal contents in bed sediments from a 5.8-km stretch of Manoa Stream. A total of 123 samples (〈63 μm) were examined for 18 elements and 14 samples for 21 elements. Selected samples were also examined using different leach solutions to examine metal phase associations. All trace metal data, computations of enrichment ratios and the modified index of geoaccumulation point to mineralogical control for Cr and Ni; minor anthropogenic contamination for Ba, Cd, Cu, Hg and Zn; and a very strong contamination signal for Pb. Maximum Pb contents (up to 1080 mg kg−1) were associated with anthropogenic material dumping in minor tributaries, storm sewer sediments and sediments in the “lower” section of the basin. Proportionally Pb had the highest non-residual component of elements examined; dominantly in the reducible phase associated with Mn and amorphous Fe oxyhydroxides. The contamination signal was typically lowest in the “undisturbed” headwater reach of the basin (above 5.1 km) with significant increases throughout the “residential” and “commercial-institutional” zones of the mid-basin. The spatial pattern of bed sediment contamination and evidence from storm sewer-outlet sediments strongly indicates that Pb, and to a lesser degree some other metals, is still being transported to the stream and the primary agent is soil erosion and transport of metals sorbed to sediments. The primary source of sediment-associated metals is considered to be the automobile, though other minor sources can not be ruled out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050473
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prolonged electrical stimulation of the nipples evokes intermittent milk ejection in the anaesthetised lactating rat (1987)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 66 (1987), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Milk-ejection ; Nipple ; Stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intermittent and continuous electrical stimulation of the nipples elicited milk-ejection responses in the lactating rat. The responses occurred intermittently, with similar amplitudes and periodicity as those seen in suckled rats. The responses were always associated with synchronization of the electroencephalogram (EEG), but some rats with synchronized EEG activity did not milk eject during stimulation. Since continuous stimulation also resulted in intermittent milk ejection it seems unlikely that the periodicity of the reflex in suckled rats depends upon changes in the intensity of sensory stimulation. The techniques of nipple stimulation may be a useful method with which to study neural pathways and other phenomena such as gating involved in oxytocin release and milk ejection. The success of the technique depends on a variety of factors such as parameters of the stimulation and state of anaesthesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236198
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hippocampal granule cells are necessary for normal spatial learning but not for spatially-selective pyramidal cell discharge (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 485-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hippocampus ; Single units ; Place cells ; Colchicine ; Spatial behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of massive destruction of granule cells of the fascia dentata on the spatial and temporal firing characteristics of pyramidal cells in the CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus were examined in freely moving rats. Microinjections of the neurotoxin colchicine were made at a number of levels along the septo-temporal axis of the dentate gyri of both hemispheres, resulting in destruction of over 75% of the granule cells. By contrast there was relatively little damage to the pyramidal cell fields. As assessed by three different behavioral tests, the colchicine treatment resulted in severe spatial learning deficits. Single units were recorded from the CA1 and CA3 subfields using the stereotrode recording method while the animals performed a forced choice behavioral task on the radial 8-arm maze. Considering the extent of damage to the dentate gyrus, which has hitherto been considered to be the main source of afferent information to the CA fields, there was remarkably little effect on the spatial selectivity of “place cell” discharge on the maze, as compared to recordings from control animals. There was, however, a change in the temporal firing characteristics of these cells, which was manifested primarily as an increase in the likelihood of burst discharge. The main conclusion derived from these findings is that most of the spatial information exhibited by hippocampal pyramidal cells is likely to be transmitted from the cortex by routes other than the traditional “trisynaptic circuit”. These routes may include the direct projections from entorhinal layers II and III to CA3 and CA1, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248904
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of growth, measuring conditions, and cell types on oxygen tensions in multicell tumor spheroids determined by microelectrodes (1981)
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 19 (1981), S. 299-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01324105
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting anther culture of Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera) (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 566-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica ; Anther culture ; Embryos ; Heritability ; Responsiveness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Eight inbred lines of Brussels sprouts and ten F1 hybrids derived from them were tested for their response to anther culture. From 5–19 plants per genotype were tested, and each plant was tested on 3–6 separate occasions. Results from the inbred lines were broadly similar to those from the F1 hybrids, despite the inbreds producing fewer buds and having a higher frequency of anther deformities. The maximum embryo yield from an inbred line was 215 embryos per 100 anthers, and from a hybrid was 275. From estimation of the variance components it was calculated that, for both inbreds and hybrids, about half the total variation was genetic whereas variation due to plants within genotypes and to occasions within plants were each about 13% of the total. The narrow sense heritability of responsiveness to anther culture (estimated by the proportion of variation between inbred lines which was genetic) was 0.48, and there was partial dominance for this character. In three cases the hybrid outyielded the better inbred, and this heterosis may well be due to dispersed dominant genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288853
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