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  • 1
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    DataSheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 13 ( 2022-9-23)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-9-23)
    Abstract: Despite vaccine development, the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing due to immunity-escaping variants of concern (VOCs). Estimations of vaccine-induced protective immunity against VOCs are essential for setting proper COVID-19 vaccination policy. Methods We performed plaque-reduction neutralizing tests (PRNTs) using sera from healthcare workers (HCWs) collected from baseline to six months after COVID-19 vaccination and from convalescent COVID-19 patients. The 20.2% of the mean PRNT titer of convalescent sera was used as 50% protective value, and the percentage of HCWs with protective immunity for each week (percent-week) was compared among vaccination groups. A correlation equation was deduced between a PRNT 50% neutralizing dose (ND 50 ) against wild type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 and that of the Delta variant. Results We conducted PRNTs on 1,287 serum samples from 297 HCWs (99 HCWs who received homologous ChAdOx1 vaccination (ChAd), 99 from HCWs who received homologous BNT162b2 (BNT), and 99 from HCWs who received heterologous ChAd followed by BNT (ChAd-BNT)). Using 365 serum samples from 116 convalescent COVID-19 patients, PRNT ND 50 of 118.25 was derived as 50% protective value. The 6-month cumulative percentage of HCWs with protective immunity against WT SARS-CoV-2 was highest in the BNT group (2297.0 percent-week), followed by the ChAd-BNT (1576.8) and ChAd (1403.0) groups. In the inter-group comparison, protective percentage of the BNT group (median 96.0%, IQR 91.2–99.2%) was comparable to the ChAd-BNT group (median 85.4%, IQR 15.7–100%; P =0.117) and significantly higher than the ChAd group (median 60.1%, IQR 20.0–87.1%; P & lt; 0.001). When Delta PRNT was estimated using the correlation equation, protective immunity at the 6-month waning point was markedly decreased (28.3% for ChAd group, 52.5% for BNT, and 66.7% for ChAd-BNT). Conclusion Decreased vaccine-induced protective immunity at the 6-month waning point and lesser response against the Delta variant may explain the Delta-dominated outbreak of late 2021. Follow-up studies for newly-emerging VOCs would also be needed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.968105
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.968105.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606827-8
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  • 2
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    Presentation_1.pdf
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 10 ( 2023-5-23)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2023-5-23)
    Abstract: A Gram-stain-negative, long rod, oxidase and catalase-positive strain WSW3-B12 T was isolated from red algae on tidal flats in the West Sea, Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the strain WSW3-B12 T had the highest sequence similarity, 92.7%, to Flexithrix dorotheae DSM 6795 T , followed by Rapidithrix thailandica TISTR 1750 T at 90.8% in the family Flammeovirgaceae of the phylum Bacteroidota . The whole genome sequence determined using both the Nanopore and Illumina platforms revealed that the complete genome consists of 29 contigs, among which contig 1 was a circular chromosome, while the remaining 28 contigs were plasmids. The size of the genome was 10.1 Mbp and the G+C content was 34.1%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI), digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH), average amino acid identity (AAI), and percentage of conserved proteins (POCP), phylogenomic-related indexes between the strain WSW3-B12 T and the closest strain Flexithrix dorotheae DSM 6795 T , were 76.6%, 19.9%, 57.2%, and 55.6%, respectively, which were all lower than the threshold values to support the creation of a novel genus. A comprehensive genome analysis revealed that the strain WSW3-B12 T harbored many of the key genes involved in central metabolism in the main chromosome and also carried important genes for the production of vitamins, quinone, and antimicrobial resistance on the plasmids. The strain also carried genes that are involved in the metabolism of heavy metals such as arsenic, cobalt, copper, and iron on both the chromosome and plasmids. Furthermore, the genome of the strain was highly enriched with carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), carrying a total of 241 CAZymes. Moreover, a complete CRISPR/Cas system was detected on plasmid 20. The major fatty acids of the strain were iso-C 15:0 and C 16:1 ω5. The polar lipids contained phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified lipids, and four glycolipids. The respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genomic analyses, the strain WSW3-B12 T could be assigned to a novel species and novel genus within the family Flammeovirgaceae , for which the name Chondrinema litorale gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain WSW3-B12 T = KCTC 82707 T = GDMCC 1.3198 T ) is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1186809
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1186809.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757748-X
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  • 3
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    Causing trouble and being transmissible: COVID-19 survivors’ experiences of stigma and discrimination in South Korea
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Psychiatry Vol. 14 ( 2023-3-14)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychiatry, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2023-3-14)
    Abstract: The stigma associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is relatively neglected in policies for handling the disease. Stigmatization occurs only within specific social contexts in local societies. Objective This study aims to examine COVID-19 survivors’ experiences of social stigma and discrimination in South Korea in the first 2 years of the pandemic. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted. Results Of 52 participants, 45 reported that they had to cope with stigma and discrimination in their intimate social relationships, workplaces, and children’s schools, ranging from subtle actions to job loss. Sexual minorities who were involved in mass disease transmission in the early part of the pandemic experienced a higher level of stigmatization. The stigmatization dealt with in this study was related to two themes: survivors’ sense of causing trouble and possibility of transmission. Conclusion By intertwining this stigma with the experiences of public health measures through the voices of survivors, this study reveals the local context of East Asia in terms of culture-specific aspects of COVID-19-related stigma.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-0640
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1103572
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564218-2
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  • 4
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    DataSheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 14 ( 2023-3-22)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2023-3-22)
    Abstract: Little is known about the immune determinants for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in individuals vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We therefore attempted to identify differences in humoral and cellular immune responses between patients with non-severe and severe breakthrough COVID-19. Methods We prospectively enrolled hospitalized patients with breakthrough COVID-19 (severe and non-severe groups) and uninfected individuals who were vaccinated at a similar time (control group). Severe cases were defined as those who required oxygen therapy while hospitalized. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and flow cytometry were used to evaluate humoral and cellular immune responses, respectively. Results Anti-S1 IgG titers were significantly lower in the severe group than in the non-severe group within 1 week of symptom onset and higher in the non-severe group than in the control group. Compared with the control group, the cellular immune response tended to be diminished in breakthrough cases, particularly in the severe group. In multivariate analysis, advanced age and low anti-S1 IgG titer were associated with severe breakthrough COVID-19. Conclusions Severe breakthrough COVID-19 might be attributed by low humoral and cellular immune responses early after infection. In the vaccinated population, delayed humoral and cellular immune responses may contribute to severe breakthrough COVID-19.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1106664
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1106664.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606827-8
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  • 5
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    A prospective study of remote delirium screening using the modified K-4AT for COVID-19 inpatients
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Psychiatry Vol. 13 ( 2022-8-18)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychiatry, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-8-18)
    Abstract: Delirium is a neuropsychiatric condition strongly associated with poor clinical outcomes such as high mortality and long hospitalization. In the patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), delirium is common and it is considered as one of the risk factors for mortality. For those admitted to negative-pressure isolation units, a reliable, validated and contact-free delirium screening tool is required. Materials and methods We prospectively recruited eligible patients from multiple medical centers in South Korea. Delirium was evaluated using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) and 4‘A’s Test (4AT). The attentional component of the 4AT was modified such that respondents are required to count days, rather than months, backward in Korean. Blinded medical staff evaluated all patients and determined whether their symptoms met the delirium criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5). An independent population of COVID-19 patients was used to validate the 4AT as a remote delirium screening tool. We calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results Out of 286 general inpatients, 28 (9.8%) inpatients had delirium. In this population, the patients with delirium were significantly older ( p = 0.018) than the patients without delirium, and higher proportion of males were included in the delirium group ( p & lt; 0.001). The AUC of the 4AT was 0.992 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.983–1.000] and the optimal cutoff was at 3. Of the independent COVID-19 patients, 13 of 108 (12.0%) had delirium. Demographically, the COVID-19 patients who had delirium only differed in employment status ( p = 0.047) from the COVID-19 patients who did not have delirium. The AUC for remote screening using the 4AT was 0.996 (0.989–1.000). The optimal cutoff of this population was also at 3. Conclusion The modified K-4AT had acceptable reliability and validity when used to screen inpatients for delirium. More importantly, the 4AT efficiently screened for delirium during remote evaluations of COVID-19 patients, and the optimal cutoff was 3. The protocol presented herein can be used for remote screening of delirium using the 4AT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-0640
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.976228
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564218-2
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  • 6
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    Table_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 13 ( 2022-7-11)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-7-11)
    Abstract: Salmonella enterica is a leading cause of food-borne diseases in humans worldwide, resulting in severe morbidity and mortality. They are carried asymptomatically in the intestine or gallbladder of livestock, and are transmitted predominantly from animals to humans via the fecal-oral route. Thus, the best preventive strategy is to preemptively prevent transmission to humans by vaccinating livestock. Live attenuated vaccines have been mostly favored because they elicit both cellular and humoral immunity and provide long-term protective immunity. However, developing these vaccines is a laborious and time-consuming process. Therefore, most live attenuated vaccines have been mainly used for phenotypic screening using the auxotrophic replica plate method, and new types of vaccines have not been sufficiently explored. In this study, we used Radiation-Mutation Enhancement Technology (R-MET) to introduce a wide variety of mutations and attenuate the virulence of Salmonella spp. to develop live vaccine strains. The Salmonella Typhimurium, ST454 strain (ST WT) was irradiated with Cobalt 60 gamma-irradiator at 1.5 kGy for 1 h to maximize the mutation rate, and attenuated daughter colonies were screened using in vitro macrophage replication capacity and in vivo mouse infection assays. Among 30 candidates, ATOMSal-L6, with 9,961-fold lower virulence than the parent strain (ST454) in the mouse LD 50 model, was chosen. This vaccine candidate was mutated at 71 sites, and in particular, lost one bacteriophage. As a vaccine, ATOMSal-L6 induced a Salmonella -specific IgG response to provide effective protective immunity upon intramuscular vaccination of mice. Furthermore, when mice and sows were orally immunized with ATOMSal-L6, we found a strong protective immune response, including multifunctional cellular immunity. These results indicate that ATOMSal-L6 is the first live vaccine candidate to be developed using R-MET, to the best of our knowledge. R-MET can be used as a fast and effective live vaccine development technology that can be used to develop vaccine strains against emerging or serotype-shifting pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931052
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931052.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931052.s002
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931052.s003
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931052.s004
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606827-8
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  • 7
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    Cytotoxicity, Intestinal Transport, and Bioavailability of Dispersible Iron and Zinc Supplements
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2017
    In:  Frontiers in Microbiology Vol. 8 ( 2017-04-28)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Microbiology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 8 ( 2017-04-28)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-302X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00749
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2587354-4
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  • 8
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    Data_Sheet_1.pdf
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2019
    In:  Frontiers in Pharmacology Vol. 9 ( 2019-1-24)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Pharmacology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2019-1-24)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1663-9812
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01568
    DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01568.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2587355-6
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 9
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    Datasheet1.pdf
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine Vol. 10 ( 2023-10-10)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2023-10-10)
    Abstract: Body mass index (BMI) is insufficient evidence as a risk factor for numerous health disorders. Body composition may be more appropriate for confirming the association with cardiovascular diseases, including atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to examine the association between body composition and the occurrence of AF. Methods A total of 2,673,108 participants (48.6% women) without AF at baseline from the Korean national health insurance data were included. Body composition including appendicular skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, and lean body mass were indirectly measured through validated anthropometric prediction equations. The diagnosis of AF and comorbidities were defined. Results With a median of 9.5 (interquartile range 9.2–10.1) years’ follow-up, 25,841 (0.96%) cases of incident AF were included. In multivariable analysis, higher appendicular skeletal muscle was related to low risk of AF [hazard ratio (HR) 0.829, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.753–0.912 for men (fifth quintile) and HR 0.888, 95% CI 0.792–0.995 for women (fifth quintile)]. In contrast, a higher body fat mass [HR 1.345, 95% CI 1.221–1.483 for men (fifth quintile) and HR 1.420, 95% CI 1.274–1.591 for women (fifth quintile)] and lean body mass [HR 2.241, 95% CI 2.182–2.303 for men (fifth quintile) and HR 1.516, 95% CI 1.368–1.667 for women (fifth quintile)] were associated with the occurrence of AF. Conclusions In this study, body composition parameters were associated with the occurrence of AF. It should be noted that when appendicular skeletal muscle mass decreases and body fat mass and lean body mass increase, the risk of AF may be increased in general population except underweighted BMI group.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2297-055X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1159087
    DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1159087.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2781496-8
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  • 10
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    Trend of fetal echocardiography use and comparison of medical costs for congenital heart disease treatment based on fetal echocardiography use in a Korean single center
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Pediatrics Vol. 11 ( 2023-6-30)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Pediatrics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2023-6-30)
    Abstract: The rate of the prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease is increasing along with advances in fetal echocardiography techniques. Here, we aimed to investigate the trend of the use of fetal echocardiography over time and to compare the medical costs of congenital heart disease treatment according to whether fetal echocardiography was performed. Methods We reviewed our hospital’s database, and patients who underwent the first surgery for congenital heart disease within 30 days of birth during 2005–2007, 2011–2013, and 2017–2019 were included. The severity of congenital heart disease diagnosed in each case was evaluated according to The Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Congenital Heart Surgery Mortality Scores (STS-EACTS Mortality Scores) and Mortality Categories (STAT Mortality Categories). Results In total, 375 patients were analyzed, and fetal echocardiography use increased significantly after the 2010s compared with in 2005–2007 (19.1% vs. 39%, p  = 0.032 in Mortality Category 1–3; 15.5% vs. 69.5%, p  = 0.000 in Mortality Category 4–5). Additionally, the mean STS-EACTS Mortality Score was higher in prenatally diagnosed patients than in postnatally diagnosed patients (2.287 vs. 1.787, p  = 0.001). In the recent period, there was no significant difference in hospitalization durations and medical costs according to whether or not fetal echocardiography was performed. Conclusions This single center study showed the use of fetal echocardiography is increasing. Further, prenatal diagnosis with fetal echocardiography causing no differences in medical costs in recent years. Therefore, we suggest that fetal echocardiography can be applied more widely without increasing the economic burden.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-2360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.933623
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2711999-3
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