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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genetic and molecular understanding for the development of methionine-rich maize: a holistic approach
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Plant Science Vol. 14 ( 2023-9-19)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Plant Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2023-9-19)
    Abstract: Maize ( Zea mays ) is the most important coarse cereal utilized as a major energy source for animal feed and humans. However, maize grains are deficient in methionine, an essential amino acid required for proper growth and development. Synthetic methionine has been used in animal feed, which is costlier and leads to adverse health effects on end-users. Bio-fortification of maize for methionine is, therefore, the most sustainable and environmental friendly approach. The zein proteins are responsible for methionine deposition in the form of δ-zein, which are major seed storage proteins of maize kernel. The present review summarizes various aspects of methionine including its importance and requirement for different subjects, its role in animal growth and performance, regulation of methionine content in maize and its utilization in human food. This review gives insight into improvement strategies including the selection of natural high-methionine mutants, molecular modulation of maize seed storage proteins and target key enzymes for sulphur metabolism and its flux towards the methionine synthesis, expression of synthetic genes, modifying gene codon and promoters employing genetic engineering approaches to enhance its expression. The compiled information on methionine and essential amino acids linked Quantitative Trait Loci in maize and orthologs cereals will give insight into the hotspot-linked genomic regions across the diverse range of maize germplasm through meta-QTL studies. The detailed information about candidate genes will provide the opportunity to target specific regions for gene editing to enhance methionine content in maize. Overall, this review will be helpful for researchers to design appropriate strategies to develop high-methionine maize.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-462X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1249230
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2687947-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2613694-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Data_Sheet_1.xlsx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Plant Science Vol. 12 ( 2021-10-4)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Plant Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-10-4)
    Abstract: Nitrogen is one of the most important macronutrients for crop growth and metabolism. To identify marker-trait associations for complex nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)-related agronomic traits, field experiments were conducted on nested synthetic wheat introgression libraries at three nitrogen input levels across two seasons. The introgression libraries were genotyped using the 35K Axiom ® Wheat Breeder's Array and genetic diversity and population structure were examined. Significant phenotypic variation was observed across genotypes, treatments, and their interactions across seasons for all the 22 traits measured. Significant positive correlations were observed among grain yield and yield-attributing traits and root traits. Across seasons, a total of 233 marker-trait associations (MTAs) associated with fifteen traits of interest at different levels of nitrogen (N0, N60, and N120) were detected using 9,474 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Of these, 45 MTAs for 10 traits in the N0 treatment, 100 MTAs for 11 traits in the N60 treatment, and 88 MTAs for 11 traits in the N120 treatment were detected. We identified putative candidate genes underlying the significant MTAs which were associated directly or indirectly with various biological processes, cellular component organization, and molecular functions involving improved plant growth and grain yield. In addition, the top 10 lines based on N response and grain yield across seasons and treatments were identified. The identification and introgression of superior alleles/donors improving the NUE while maintaining grain yield may open new avenues in designing next generation nitrogen-efficient high-yielding wheat varieties.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-462X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.738710
    DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.738710.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2687947-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2613694-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biochemical and Genetic Approaches Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cereal Crops: A Review
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Plant Science Vol. 12 ( 2021-6-4)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Plant Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-6-4)
    Abstract: Nitrogen is an essential nutrient required in large quantities for the proper growth and development of plants. Nitrogen is the most limiting macronutrient for crop production in most of the world’s agricultural areas. The dynamic nature of nitrogen and its tendency to lose soil and environment systems create a unique and challenging environment for its proper management. Exploiting genetic diversity, developing nutrient efficient novel varieties with better agronomy and crop management practices combined with improved crop genetics have been significant factors behind increased crop production. In this review, we highlight the various biochemical, genetic factors and the regulatory mechanisms controlling the plant nitrogen economy necessary for reducing fertilizer cost and improving nitrogen use efficiency while maintaining an acceptable grain yield.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-462X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.657629
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2687947-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2613694-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optimization of Protein Quality Assay in Normal, opaque-2, and Quality Protein Maize
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems Vol. 6 ( 2022-4-4)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 6 ( 2022-4-4)
    Abstract: The development of quality protein maize (QPM) was considered a significant leap toward improvement in the nutritional status of rural masses in developing countries. The nutritional quality of QPM is attributed to the higher concentration of essential amino acids, particularly lysine and tryptophan, in its kernel endosperm. However, the similarity in the grains of QPM and normal maize necessitates the development of a standard protocol to assess the protein quality of maize. The present study aimed at improving the protocol of protein quality assessment in QPM. For this purpose, endosperm defatting and protein estimation procedures were restandardized and optimized with respect to the protocol duration and its amenability for high-throughput analysis. Unlike normal maize, QPM and opaque-2 mutants were completely defatted within a 48 h period. It was observed that the tryptophan content, calculated at each defatting interval, increased in the samples defatted for a longer duration. No significant differences were observed in the tryptophan content analyzed in the samples defatted for 48 and 72 h. Moreover, the endosperm protein estimated by using the Bradford method with certain modifications strongly correlated with the micro-Kjeldahl method ( r = 0.9). Relative to the micro-Kjeldahl method, the Bradford method was found to be precise, rapid, and hazard-free. The present findings enable a testing protocol of reduced time duration that can be used in resource-poor settings for the determination of a protein quality assay in QPM. Overall, the present study effectively helped in reducing the defatting time by 24 h and protein estimation by 3 h as compared to the already established International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center protocol. This is expected to enable the aggregation of high-protein-quality maize to facilitate its commercialization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2571-581X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.743019
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2928540-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    DataSheet1.xlsx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Genetics Vol. 12 ( 2021-12-21)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Genetics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-12-21)
    Abstract: The phenomenal increase in the use of nitrogenous fertilizers coupled with poor nitrogen use efficiency is among the most important threats to the environment, economic, and social health. During the last 2 decades, a number of genomic regions associated with nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and related traits have been reported by different research groups, but none of the stable and major effect QTL have been utilized in the marker-assisted introgression/pyramiding program. Compiling the data available in the literature could be very useful in identifying stable and major effect genomic regions associated with the root and NUE-related trait improving the rice grain yield. In the present study, we performed meta-QTL analysis on 1,330 QTL from 29 studies published in the past 2 decades. A total of 76 MQTL with a stable effect over different genetic backgrounds and environments were identified. The significant reduction in the confidence interval of the MQTL compared to the initial QTL resulted in the identification of annotated and putative candidate genes related to the traits considered in the present study. A hot spot region associated with correlated traits on chr 1, 4, and 8 and candidate genes associated with nitrate transporters, nitrogen content, and ammonium uptake on chromosomes 2, 4, 6, and 8 have been identified. The identified MQTL, putative candidate genes, and their orthologues were validated on our previous studies conducted on rice and wheat. The research-based interventions such as improving nitrogen use efficiency via identification of major genomic regions and candidate genes can be a plausible, simple, and low-cost solution to address the challenges of the crop improvement program.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-8021
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.807210
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.807210.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606823-0
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Table7.XLSX
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Genetics Vol. 14 ( 2023-8-7)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Genetics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2023-8-7)
    Abstract: Maize serves as a crucial nutrient reservoir for a significant portion of the global population. However, to effectively address the growing world population’s hidden hunger, it is essential to focus on two key aspects: biofortification of maize and improving its yield potential through advanced breeding techniques. Moreover, the coordination of multiple targets within a single breeding program poses a complex challenge. This study compiled mapping studies conducted over the past decade, identifying quantitative trait loci associated with grain quality and yield related traits in maize. Meta-QTL analysis of 2,974 QTLs for 169 component traits (associated with quality and yield related traits) revealed 68 MQTLs across different genetic backgrounds and environments. Most of these MQTLs were further validated using the data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Further, ten MQTLs, referred to as breeding-friendly MQTLs (BF-MQTLs), with a significant phenotypic variation explained over 10% and confidence interval less than 2 Mb, were shortlisted. BF-MQTLs were further used to identify potential candidate genes, including 59 genes encoding important proteins/products involved in essential metabolic pathways. Five BF-MQTLs associated with both quality and yield traits were also recommended to be utilized in future breeding programs. Synteny analysis with wheat and rice genomes revealed conserved regions across the genomes, indicating these hotspot regions as validated targets for developing biofortified, high-yielding maize varieties in future breeding programs. After validation, the identified candidate genes can also be utilized to effectively model the plant architecture and enhance desirable quality traits through various approaches such as marker-assisted breeding, genetic engineering, and genome editing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-8021
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1248697
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1248697.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1248697.s002
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1248697.s003
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1248697.s004
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1248697.s005
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1248697.s006
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1248697.s007
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1248697.s008
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606823-0
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