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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Video_1.MOV
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Medicine Vol. 8 ( 2021-11-18)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Medicine, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 8 ( 2021-11-18)
    Abstract: Background: Testing of possibly infected individuals remains cornerstone of containing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Detection dogs could contribute to mass screening. Previous research demonstrated canines' ability to detect SARS-CoV-2-infections but has not investigated if dogs can differentiate between COVID-19 and other virus infections. Methods: Twelve dogs were trained to detect SARS-CoV-2 positive samples. Three test scenarios were performed to evaluate their ability to discriminate SARS-CoV-2-infections from viral infections of a different aetiology. Naso- and oropharyngeal swab samples from individuals and samples from cell culture both infected with one of 15 viruses that may cause COVID-19-like symptoms were presented as distractors in a randomised, double-blind study. Dogs were either trained with SARS-CoV-2 positive saliva samples (test scenario I and II) or with supernatant from cell cultures (test scenario III). Results: When using swab samples from individuals infected with viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 as distractors (test scenario I), dogs detected swab samples from SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals with a mean diagnostic sensitivity of 73.8% (95% CI: 66.0–81.7%) and a specificity of 95.1% (95% CI: 92.6–97.7%). In test scenario II and III cell culture supernatant from cells infected with SARS-CoV-2, cells infected with other coronaviruses and non-infected cells were presented. Dogs achieved mean diagnostic sensitivities of 61.2% (95% CI: 50.7–71.6%, test scenario II) and 75.8% (95% CI: 53.0–98.5%, test scenario III), respectively. The diagnostic specificities were 90.9% (95% CI: 87.3–94.6%, test scenario II) and 90.2% (95% CI: 81.1–99.4%, test scenario III), respectively. Conclusion: In all three test scenarios the mean specificities were above 90% which indicates that dogs can distinguish SARS-CoV-2-infections from other viral infections. However, compared to earlier studies our scent dogs achieved lower diagnostic sensitivities. To deploy COVID-19 detection dogs as a reliable screening method it is therefore mandatory to include a variety of samples from different viral respiratory tract infections in dog training to ensure a successful discrimination process.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-858X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.749588
    DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.749588.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.749588.s002
    DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.749588.s003
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2775999-4
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  • 2
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    Presentation_1.pdf
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2019
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 10 ( 2019-7-19)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2019-7-19)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01272
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01272.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606827-8
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  • 3
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    Cigarette Smoking Is Related to Endothelial Dysfunction of Resistance, but Not Conduit Arteries in the General Population—Results From the Gutenberg Health Study
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine Vol. 8 ( 2021-5-19)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 8 ( 2021-5-19)
    Abstract: Aims: Cigarette smoking is one of the most complex and least understood cardiovascular risk factors. Importantly, differences in the tobacco-related pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction, an early event in atherogenesis, between circulatory beds remain elusive. Therefore, this study evaluated how smoking impacts endothelial function of conduit and resistance arteries in a large population-based cohort. Methods and results: 15,010 participants (aged 35–74 years) of the Gutenberg Health Study were examined at baseline from 2007 to 2012. Smoking status, pack-years of smoking, and years since quitting smoking were assessed by a computer-assisted interview. Endothelial function of conduit and resistance arteries was determined by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, reactive hyperemia index (RHI) using peripheral arterial tonometry, as well as by reflection index (RI) derived from digital photoplethysmography, respectively. Among all subjects, 45.8% had never smoked, 34.7% were former smokers, and 19.4% were current smokers. Mean cumulative smoking exposure was 22.1 ± 18.1 pack-years in current smokers and mean years since quitting was 18.9 ± 12.7 in former smokers. In multivariable linear regression models adjusted for typical confounders, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, and years since quitting smoking were independently associated with RHI and RI, while no association was found for FMD. Overall, no clear dose-dependent associations were observed between variables, whereby higher exposure tended to be associated with pronounced resistance artery endothelial dysfunction. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking is associated with altered endothelial function of resistance, but not conduit arteries. The present results suggest that smoking-induced endothelial dysfunction in different circulatory beds may exhibit a differential picture.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2297-055X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.674622
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2781496-8
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  • 4
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    Heart re-transplantation in Eurotransplant
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2018
    In:  Transplant International Vol. 31, No. 11 ( 2018-11), p. 1223-1232
    Details
    In: Transplant International, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 31, No. 11 ( 2018-11), p. 1223-1232
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0934-0874
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/tri.2018.31.issue-11
    DOI: 10.1111/tri.13289
    Language: English
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1463183-0
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  • 5
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    Table_4.xlsx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2019
    In:  Frontiers in Genetics Vol. 10 ( 2019-7-11)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Genetics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2019-7-11)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-8021
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00648
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00648.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00648.s002
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00648.s003
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00648.s004
    DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00648.s005
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606823-0
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  • 6
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    DataSheet_1.pdf
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 14 ( 2023-4-5)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2023-4-5)
    Abstract: Inflammation is a key driver of morbidity in the vulnerable preterm infant exposed to pre- and postnatal hazards and significantly contributes to chronic lung disease, i.e. bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, the early changes in innate immunity associated with BPD development are incompletely understood. Methods In very immature preterm infants below 32 weeks gestational age (GA; n=30 infants), monocyte subtypes were identified by Flow Cytometry at birth and throughout the postnatal course including intracellular TNF expression upon LPS stimulation. Complementing these measurements, cytokine end growth factor expression profiles (Luminex ® xMAP ® ; n=110 infants) as well as gene expression profiles (CodeLink TM Human I Bioarray; n=22) were characterized at birth. Results The abundance of monocyte subtypes differed between preterm and term neonates at birth. Specifically, CD14 ++ CD16 + (intermediate) monocytes demonstrated a dependency on PMA and elevated levels of nonclassical (CD14 + CD16 ++ ) monocytes characterized preterm infants with developing BPD. Postnatally, lung injury was associated with an increase in intermediate monocytes, while high levels of nonclassical monocytes persisted. Both subtypes were revealed as the main source of intracellular TNF-α expression in the preterm infant. We identified a cytokine and growth factor expression profile in cord blood specimen of preterm infants with developing BPD that corresponded to the disease-dependent regulation of monocyte abundances. Multivariate modeling of protein profiles revealed FGF2, sIL-2 Rα, MCP-1, MIP1a, and TNF-α as predictors of BPD when considering GA. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated genes predicting BPD to be overrepresented in inflammatory pathways with increased disease severity characterized by the regulation of immune and defense response pathways and upstream regulator analysis confirmed TNF-α, interleukin (IL) -6, and interferon α as the highest activated cytokines in more severe disease. Whereas all BPD cases showed downstream activation of chemotaxis and activation of inflammatory response pathways , more severe cases were characterized by an additional activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis. Discussion In the present study, we identified the early postnatal presence of nonclassical (CD14 + CD16 ++ ) and intermediate (CD14 ++ CD16 + ) monocytes as a critical characteristic of BPD development including a specific response pattern of monocyte subtypes to lung injury. Pathophysiological insight was provided by the protein and transcriptome signature identified at birth, centered around monocyte and corresponding granulocyte activation and highlighting TNFα as a critical regulator in infants with developing BPD. The disease severity-dependent expression patterns could inform future diagnostic and treatment strategies targeting the monocytic cell and its progeny.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112608
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112608.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606827-8
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  • 7
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    Image_1.pdf
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience Vol. 15 ( 2021-4-22)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 15 ( 2021-4-22)
    Abstract: This work studies the evolution of cortical networks during the transition from escape strategy to avoidance strategy in auditory discrimination learning in Mongolian gerbils trained by the well-established two-way active avoidance learning paradigm. The animals were implanted with electrode arrays centered on the surface of the primary auditory cortex and electrocorticogram (ECoG) recordings were made during performance of an auditory Go/NoGo discrimination task. Our experiments confirm previous results on a sudden behavioral change from the initial naïve state to an avoidance strategy as learning progresses. We employed two causality metrics using Granger Causality (GC) and New Causality (NC) to quantify changes in the causality flow between ECoG channels as the animals switched to avoidance strategy. We found that the number of channel pairs with inverse causal interaction significantly increased after the animal acquired successful discrimination, which indicates structural changes in the cortical networks as a result of learning. A suitable graph-theoretical model is developed to interpret the findings in terms of cortical networks evolving during cognitive state transitions. Structural changes lead to changes in the dynamics of neural populations, which are described as phase transitions in the network graph model with small-world connections. Overall, our findings underscore the importance of functional reorganization in sensory cortical areas as a possible neural contributor to behavioral changes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-5137
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.641684
    DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.641684.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2453005-0
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  • 8
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    Data_Sheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine Vol. 8 ( 2021-6-16)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 8 ( 2021-6-16)
    Abstract: Background: Heart failure (HF) is a multifactorial syndrome with pathophysiological complexities still not fully understood. Higher mean platelet volume (MPV), a potential marker of platelet activation, and high concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of HF. Aim: This study aims to investigate sex-specifically the association between PTH concentrations and platelet indices in phenotypes of HF. Methods and Results: PTH and platelet indices (MPV and platelet count) were available in 1,896 participants from the MyoVasc study in Mainz, Germany. Multivariable linear regression models, adjusted for age, sex, season, vitamin D status, cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and medication, were used to assess the associations between platelet indices and PTH. The results showed distinct sex-specific associations between PTH and platelet indices. A positive association between PTH and MPV was found in females with symptomatic HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) only [β = 0.60 (0.19; 1.00)]. Platelet count was inversely associated with PTH in male HFrEF individuals [β = −7.6 (−15; −0.30)] and in both males and females with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Conclusion: This study reports differential, sex-specific relationships between PTH and platelet indices in HF individuals independent of vitamin D status and clinical profile. Particularly in phenotypes of symptomatic HF, distinct associations were observed, suggesting a sex-specific mechanism involved in the interaction between PTH and platelets.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2297-055X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.682521
    DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.682521.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2781496-8
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  • 9
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    Table_3.DOCX
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Medicine Vol. 9 ( 2022-4-28)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Medicine, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-4-28)
    Abstract: Acute hemorrhage results in perfusion deficit and regional hypoxia. Since failure of intestinal integrity seem to be the linking element between hemorrhage, delayed multi organ failure, and mortality, it is crucial to maintain intestinal microcirculation in acute hemorrhage. During critical bleeding physicians increase FiO 2 to raise total blood oxygen content. Likewise, a systemic hypercapnia was reported to maintain microvascular oxygenation (μHbO 2 ). Both, O 2 and CO 2 , may have adverse effects when applied systemically that might be prevented by local application. Therefore, we investigated the effects of local hyperoxia and hypercapnia on the gastric and oral microcirculation. Methods Six female foxhounds were anaesthetized, randomized into eight groups and tested in a cross-over design. The dogs received a local CO 2 -, O 2 -, or N 2 -administration to their oral and gastric mucosa. Hemorrhagic shock was induced through a withdrawal of 20% of estimated blood volume followed by retransfusion 60 min later. In control groups no shock was induced. Reflectance spectrophotometry and laser Doppler were performed at the gastric and oral surface. Oral microcirculation was visualized by incident dark field imaging. Systemic hemodynamic parameters were recorded continuously. Statistics were performed using a two-way-ANOVA for repeated measurements and post hoc analysis was conducted by Bonferroni testing ( p & lt; 0.05). Results The gastric μHbO 2 decreased from 76 ± 3% to 38 ± 4% during hemorrhage in normocapnic animals. Local hypercapnia ameliorated the decrease of μHbO 2 from 78 ± 4% to 51 ± 8%. Similarly, the oral μHbO 2 decreased from 81 ± 1% to 36 ± 4% under hemorrhagic conditions and was diminished by local hypercapnia (54 ± 4%). The oral microvascular flow quality but not the total microvascular blood flow was significantly improved by local hypercapnia. Local O 2 -application failed to change microvascular oxygenation, perfusion or flow quality. Neither CO 2 nor O 2 changed microcirculatory parameters and macrocirculatory hemodynamics under physiological conditions. Discussion Local hypercapnia improved microvascular oxygenation and was associated with a continuous blood flow in hypercapnic individuals undergoing hemorrhagic shock. Local O 2 application did not change microvascular oxygenation, perfusion and blood flow profiles in hemorrhage. Local gas application and change of microcirculation has no side effects on macrocirculatory parameters.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-858X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.867298
    DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.867298.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.867298.s002
    DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.867298.s003
    DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.867298.s004
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2775999-4
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  • 10
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    Table_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Medicine Vol. 9 ( 2022-6-16)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Medicine, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-6-16)
    Abstract: There is a growing number of COVID-19 patients experiencing long-term symptoms months after their acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Previous research proved dogs' ability to detect acute SARS-CoV-2 infections, but has not yet shown if dogs also indicate samples of patients with post-COVID-19 condition (Long COVID). Nine dogs, previously trained to detect samples of acute COVID-19 patients, were confronted with samples of Long COVID patients in two testing scenarios. In test scenario I (samples of acute COVID-19 vs. Long COVID) dogs achieved a mean sensitivity (for acute COVID-19) of 86.7% (95%CI: 75.4–98.0%) and a specificity of 95.8% (95%CI: 92.5–99.0%). When dogs were confronted with Long COVID and negative control samples in scenario IIa, dogs achieved a mean sensitivity (for Long COVID) of 94.4 (95%CI: 70.5–100.0%) and a specificity of 96.1% (95%CI: 87.6–100.0%). In comparison, when acute SARS-CoV-2 positive samples and negative control samples were comparatively presented (scenario IIb), a mean sensitivity of 86.9 (95%CI: 55.7–100.0%) and a specificity of 88.1% (95%CI: 82.7–93.6%) was attained. This pilot study supports the hypothesis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) being long-term present after the initial infection in post-COVID-19 patients. Detection dogs, trained with samples of acute COVID-19 patients, also identified samples of Long COVID patients with a high sensitivity when presented next to samples of healthy individuals. This data may be used for further studies evaluating the pathophysiology underlying Long COVID and the composition of specific VOC-patterns released by SARS-CoV-2 infected patients throughout the course of this complex disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-858X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.877259
    DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.877259.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2775999-4
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