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  • Frontiers Media SA  (21)
  • 1
    In: Frontiers in Neuroscience, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 16 ( 2023-1-12)
    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture combined with balloon dilatation in patients with post-stroke cricopharyngeal achalasia (CPA) according to the effective rate, videofluoroscopy swallowing study (VFSS) score and standardized swallowing function assessment scale (SSA) score through Meta-analysis. Methods English and Chinese language literature published before July 24,2022 were searched in ten electronic databases. The identified articles were screened, data were extracted, and the methodological quality of the included trials was assessed. Using RevMan 5.4.1 software to perform Meta-analysis. Results 10 studies with 517 patients with post-stroke CPA were included. Meta-analysis showed that the effective rate of the experience group was higher than that of the control group [OR = 0.62; 95% CI (2.32, 13.05); I 2 = 0%; p = 0.0001]. Compared to the control group, the SSA score was lower in the experience group [MD = −4.22; 95% CI (−4.57, −3.87); I 2 = 42%; p & lt; 0.00001]. In terms of VFSS scores, the experience group showed greater effi cacy differences than control group [MD = 1.53; 95% CI (1.32, 1.75); I 2 = 0%; p & lt; 0.00001]. The subgroup analysis of VFSS score based on the average course of disease ( & lt;1 month vs. ≥1 month) showed no significant difference. The subgroup analysis based on average age ( & gt;60 years vs. ≤60 years) showed the VFSS score of the experience group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the effect may be better in the subgroup older than 60 years. The subgroup analysis based on the treatment course ( & gt;30 days vs. ≤30 days) showed the VFSS score of the experience group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the effect may be better in the subgroup the treatment course & gt;30 days. Conclusion Acupuncture combined with balloon dilatation may be an effective method for treating post-stroke CPA. Compared with balloon dilatation, acupuncture combined with balloon can significantly improve the swallowing function of patients, and it is also effective for patients of different courses, ages, and treatment course, while patients over 60 years old and the treatment course over 30 days may have better clinical outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-453X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2411902-7
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  • 2
    In: Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 4 ( 2022-2-25)
    Abstract: Mapping the characteristics of Africa’s smallholder-dominated croplands, including the sizes and numbers of fields, can provide critical insights into food security and a range of other socioeconomic and environmental concerns. However, accurately mapping these systems is difficult because there is 1) a spatial and temporal mismatch between satellite sensors and smallholder fields, and 2) a lack of high-quality labels needed to train and assess machine learning classifiers. We developed an approach designed to address these two problems, and used it to map Ghana’s croplands. To overcome the spatio-temporal mismatch, we converted daily, high resolution imagery into two cloud-free composites (the primary growing season and subsequent dry season) covering the 2018 agricultural year, providing a seasonal contrast that helps to improve classification accuracy. To address the problem of label availability, we created a platform that rigorously assesses and minimizes label error, and used it to iteratively train a Random Forests classifier with active learning, which identifies the most informative training sample based on prediction uncertainty. Minimizing label errors improved model F1 scores by up to 25%. Active learning increased F1 scores by an average of 9.1% between first and last training iterations, and 2.3% more than models trained with randomly selected labels. We used the resulting 3.7 m map of cropland probabilities within a segmentation algorithm to delineate crop field boundaries. Using an independent map reference sample ( n = 1,207), we found that the cropland probability and field boundary maps had respective overall accuracies of 88 and 86.7%, user’s accuracies for the cropland class of 61.2 and 78.9%, and producer’s accuracies of 67.3 and 58.2%. An unbiased area estimate calculated from the map reference sample indicates that cropland covers 17.1% (15.4–18.9%) of Ghana. Using the most accurate validation labels to correct for biases in the segmented field boundaries map, we estimated that the average size and total number of field in Ghana are 1.73 ha and 1,662,281, respectively. Our results demonstrate an adaptable and transferable approach for developing annual, country-scale maps of crop field boundaries, with several features that effectively mitigate the errors inherent in remote sensing of smallholder-dominated agriculture.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2624-8212
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2957496-1
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  • 3
    In: Frontiers in Oncology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2023-5-10)
    Abstract: The present study aimed to compare immune activation among different irradiated sites and identify potential short-term efficacy prognostic factors in patients with advanced squamous cell esophageal carcinoma (ESCC) who received radiotherapy (RT) and immunotherapy. Patients and methods We recorded the clinical characteristics, blood cell counts, and derived blood index ratios, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), at three time points (before, during, and after RT) in 121 patients with advanced ESCC who had received RT and immunotherapy. Chi-square test and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the relationships among inflammatory biomarkers (IBs), irradiated sites, and short-term efficacy. Results Delta-IBs were calculated as (medio-IBs - pre-IBs) ÷ pre-IBs. The medians of delta-LMR, and delta-ALC were the highest, whereas the median of delta-SII was the lowest in patients with brain radiation. Treatment responses were observed within 3 months after RT or until the beginning of the next line therapy, and the disease control rate (DCR) was 75.2%. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) for delta-NLR and delta-SII were 0.723 (p = 0.001) and 0.725 (p & lt; 0.001), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the treatment lines of immunotherapy (odds ratio [OR], 4.852; 95% confidence interval [CI] , 1.595-14.759; p = 0.005) and delta-SII (OR, 5.252; 95% CI, 1.048-26.320; p = 0.044) were independent indicators of short-term efficacy. Conclusion In this study, we found that RT to the brain had a stronger immune activation effect than RT to extracranial organs. We also found that earlier-line immunotherapy plus RT and a decrease in SII during RT may generate better short-term efficacy in advanced ESCC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2234-943X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2649216-7
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  • 4
    In: Frontiers in Environmental Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2021-7-22)
    Abstract: Assessing the response of soil heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration to climate change is critical for forecasting terrestrial carbon cycle behavior in the future. In the present study, we conducted a drought experiment in Vitexnegundo var. heterophylla shrub ecosystem of the Middle Taihang Mountain. Three precipitation manipulation treatments (natural conditions/ambient precipitation (CK), reduced precipitation by 30% (PE30), and reduced precipitation by 60% (PE60)) were used to study the impact of different levels of precipitation exclusion on total soil respiration ( R s ) and its heterotrophic ( R h ) and autotrophic ( R a ) components. Our results showed that the rates of R s and its components were significantly decreased under the precipitation exclusion treatments. The proportion of R h in R s reduced from 72.6% for CK to 71.9% under PE60. The annual cumulative C fluxes of R s decreased by 47.8 g C m −2 in PE30 and 106.0 g C m −2 in PE60, respectively. An exponential relationship was observed between the rate of each soil respiration component and soil temperature in all treatments (  p & lt; 0.01). Moreover, each soil respiration component rate was better represented by a quadratic model which included soil moisture (  p & lt; 0.01). However, including both of soil temperature and soil moisture did not explain more variation in soil respiration components compared than the regression model with soil moisture only. In addition, excluding precipitation increased the temperature sensitivity ( Q 10 values) of R s and its R a and R h components compared to the control. Collectively, our findings suggest that increased drought will inhibit the release of carbon from the soil to the atmosphere, and will likely decrease the contribution of R h to R s in this semiarid shrubland ecosystem.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-665X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2741535-1
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  • 5
    In: Frontiers in Medicine, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 8 ( 2021-10-13)
    Abstract: Background: Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can present with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. However, the prevalence of GI symptoms and their association with outcomes remain controversial in COVID-19 patients. Methods: All COVID-19 patients consecutively admitted to the Wuhan Huoshenshan hospital from February 2020 to April 2020 were collected. Disease severity and outcomes were compared between COVID-19 patients with and without GI symptoms. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association of GI symptoms with the composite endpoint and death in COVID-19 patients. A composite endpoint was defined as transfer to intensive care unit, requirement of mechanical ventilation, and death. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Overall, 2,552 COVID-19 patients were included. The prevalence of GI symptoms was 21.0% (537/2,552). Diarrhea (8.9%, 226/2,552) was the most common GI symptom. Patients with GI symptoms had significantly higher proportions of severe COVID-19 and worse outcomes than those without. Univariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that GI symptoms were significantly associated with the composite endpoint (OR = 2.426, 95% CI = 1.608–3.661; P & lt; 0.001) and death (OR = 2.137, 95% CI = 1.209–3.778; P = 0.009). After adjusting for age, sex, and severe/critical COVID-19, GI symptoms were still independently associated with the composite endpoint (OR = 2.029, 95% CI = 1.294–3.182; P = 0.002), but not death (OR = 1.726, 95% CI = 0.946–3.150; P = 0.075). According to the type of GI symptoms, GI bleeding was an independent predictor of the composite endpoint (OR = 8.416, 95% CI = 3.465–20.438, P & lt; 0.001) and death (OR = 6.640, 95% CI = 2.567–17.179, P & lt; 0.001), but not other GI symptoms (i.e., diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, nausea and/or vomiting, constipation, acid reflux and/or heartburn, or abdominal pain). Conclusion: GI symptoms are common in COVID-19 patients and may be associated with their worse outcomes. Notably, such a negative impact of GI symptoms on the outcomes should be attributed to GI bleeding.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-858X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2775999-4
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  • 6
    In: Frontiers in Oncology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2021-2-1)
    Abstract: To investigate the tumor volume and its change on short-term outcome in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients who underwent definitive radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Methods and Materials All data were retrospectively collected from 418 ESCC patients who received radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy at our institution between 2015 and 2019. Short-term outcome using the treatment response evaluation was assessed according to the RECIST 1.1. The tumor volume change rate (TVCR) was defined as follows: TVCR = {1 − [gross tumor volume (GTV) at shrinking irradiation field planning)]/(GTV at the initial treatment planning)} ×100%. Chi square test was used to compare the clinic characteristics in different TVCR groups, and the difference between initial GTV (GTVi) and shrinking GTV (GTVs) was compared using Wilcoxon’s sign rank test. Logistic regression analysis and Spearman correlation was performed. Results There was a significant decrease in GTVi compared to GTVs ( P & lt; 0.001). In univariate analysis, age, cT-stage, TNM stage, treatment modality, GTVi, and TVCR were associated with short-term outcome (all P & lt; 0.05). In multivariate analysis, gender and TVCR were statistically significant ( P = 0.010, & lt;0.001) with short-term outcome, and the combined predictive value of gender and TVCR exceeded that of TVCR (AUC, 0.876 vs 0.855). Conclusions TVCR could serve to forecast short-term outcome of radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy in ESCC. It was of great significance to guide the individualized treatment of ESCC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2234-943X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2649216-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Oncology Vol. 11 ( 2021-6-4)
    In: Frontiers in Oncology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2021-6-4)
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate 18 F-AlF-NOTA-PRGD2 positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( 18 F-RGD PET/CT) and serum inflammation biomarkers for predicting outcomes of patients receiving combined antiangiogenic treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Patients with advanced NSCLC underwent 18 F-RGD PET/CT examination and provided blood samples before treatments commenced. PET/CT parameters included maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) and mean standard uptake value (SUVmean), peak standard uptake value (SUVpeak) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) for all contoured lesions. Biomarkers for inflammation included pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (PreNLR), pretreatment platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PrePLR), and pretreatment lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (PreLMR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to describe response prediction accuracy. Logistic regression and Cox’s regression analysis was implemented to identify independent factors for short-term responses and progression-free survival (PFS). Results This study included 23 patients. According to ROC curve analysis, there were significant correlations between the SUVmax, SUVmean, and 18 F-RGD PET/CT MTV and short-term responses ( p & lt;0.05). SUVmax was identified using logistic regression analysis as a significant predictor of treatment sensitivity ( p =0.008). Cox’s multivariate regression analysis suggested that high SUVpeak ( p =0.021) and high PreLMR ( p =0.03) were independent PFS predictors. Combining SUVpeak and PreLMR may also increase the prognostic value for PFS, enabling us to identify a subgroup of patients with intermediate PFS. Conclusion 18 F-RGD uptake on PET/CT and serum inflammation biomarker pretreatment may predict outcomes for combined antiangiogenic treatments for advanced NSCLC patients. Higher 18 F-RGD uptake and higher PreLMR also appear to predict improved short-term responses and PFS. Combining biomarkers may therefore provide a basis for risk stratification, although further research is required.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2234-943X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2649216-7
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  • 8
    In: Frontiers in Oncology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2022-2-10)
    Abstract: Local radiotherapy (LRT) is reported to be of survival benefit for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in accumulating evidence, but research on the optimal initial time point remains scarce. This IRB-approved retrospective analysis identified patients diagnosed with stage IIIb–IV unresectable lung adenocarcinoma who initiated front-line LRT at our institution between 2017 and 2020. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to cut off the initial time of LRT (before and beyond 53 days). Patients were divided into two groups: one early to initiate radiotherapy group (≤53 days, EAR group) and one deferred radiotherapy group ( & gt;53 days, DEF group). The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate time-to-event endpoints; the Cox proportional hazard model was used to find out predictors of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). A total of 265 patients with a median age of 57 were enrolled. The median follow-up time was 26.4 months (ranging from 2.2 to 69.7 months). The mOS was 38.6 months and mPFS was 12.7 months. Age & gt;60, bone and brain metastases, multisite metastases, and EGFR 19 mutation were independent predictors associated with OS. Early initiation of local radiotherapy within 53 days after diagnosis resulted in better PFS, but not in OS. A better OS was observed in patients with bone metastasis who underwent local radiotherapy initiated within 53 days.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2234-943X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2649216-7
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  • 9
    In: Frontiers in Endocrinology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-6-30)
    Abstract: We investigated the correlation of 18 F-AlF-NOTAPRGD2 ( 18 F-RGD) uptake during positron emission tomography (PET) with tumoral programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and explored its potential in immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. Methods Forty-two mice were subcutaneously injected with CMT-167 lung carcinoma cells. A total of 30 mice with good growth tumor and good general condition were selected. 18 F-RGD PET scanning was performed on days 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 11 with five mice per day. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for PD-L1 was performed on each specimen obtained from tumors. Thirty patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were scanned using 18 F-RGD PET/CT, and Milliplex multifactor detection analyzed serum PD-1/PD-L1 expression of twenty-eight of them. Thirteen of them were analyzed immunohistochemically using core needle biopsy samples obtained from primary tumors. Results Thirty mice were scanned by 18 F-RGD PET/CT and analyzed for PD-L1 expression in tumor cells by IHC finally. Maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) and mean SUV (SUVmean) were significantly lower in relatively-higher-PD-L1-expression tumors than in relatively-low-PD-L1-expression tumors (P & lt; 0.05). In patients, the SUVmax was significantly negatively correlated with tumoral PD-L1 expression by IHC (P=0.014). SUVmean, peak SUV (SUVpeak), and gross tumor volume (GTV) were also negatively correlated with PD-L1, but without significance (P & gt; 0.05). SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak, and GTV were negatively correlated with serum PD-1 and PD-L1, but not significantly. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, significant correlations between SUVmax and tumoral PD-L1 expression in both mice and patients were present (P & lt; 0.05). Conclusion Higher 18 F-RGD uptake is correlated with depressed PD-L1 expression in tumor cells, and SUVmax is the best parameter to display tumoral expression of PD-L1. 18 F-RGD PET may be useful for reflecting the immune status of NSCLC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-2392
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2592084-4
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Genetics Vol. 12 ( 2021-5-19)
    In: Frontiers in Genetics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-5-19)
    Abstract: As the prevalence of obesity increases, so does the occurrence of obesity-related complications, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, and some cancers. Increased adipose tissue is the main cause of harm in obesity. To better understand obesity and its related complications, we analyzed the mRNA expression profiles of adipose tissues from 126 patients with obesity and 275 non-obese controls. Using an integrated bioinformatics method, we explored the functions of 113 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between them. Gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses revealed that upregulated DEGs were enriched in immune cell chemotaxis, complement-related cascade activation, and various inflammatory signaling pathways, while downregulated DEGs enriched in nutrient metabolism. The CIBERSORT algorithm indicated that an increase in macrophages may be the main cause of adipose tissue inflammation, while decreased γδ T cells reduce sympathetic action, leading to dysregulation of adipocyte thermogenesis. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database, and the top 10 hub genes were identified using the cytoHubba plug-in in Cytoscape. All were confirmed to be obesity-related using a separate dataset. In addition, we identified chemicals related to these hub genes that may contribute to obesity. In conclusion, we have successfully identified several hub genes in the development of obesity, which provide insights into the possible mechanisms controlling obesity and its related complications, as well as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for further research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-8021
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606823-0
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