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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Microbiology Vol. 13 ( 2022-5-9)
    In: Frontiers in Microbiology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-5-9)
    Abstract: We identified metabolites in the seeds of Pharbitis nil (PA) and evaluated their effects on rumen methanogenesis, fiber digestibility, and the rumen microbiome in vitro and in sacco . Four rumen-cannulated Holstein steers (mean body weight 507 ± 32 kg) were used as inoculum donor for in vitro trial and live continuous culture system for in sacco trial. PA was tested in vitro at doses ranging from 4.5 to 45.2% dry matter (DM) substrate. The in sacco trial was divided into three phases: a control phase of 10 days without nylon bags containing PA in the rumen, a treatment phase of 11 days in which nylon bags containing PA (180 g) were placed in the rumen, and a recovery phase of 10 days after removing the PA-containing bags from the rumen. Rumen headspace gas and rumen fluid samples were collected directly from the rumen. PA is enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids dominated by linoleic acid (C18:2) and flavonoids such as chlorogenate, quercetin, quercetin-3- O -glucoside, and quinic acid derivatives. PA decreased ( p & lt; 0.001) methane (CH 4 ) production linearly in vitro with a reduction of 24% at doses as low as 4.5% DM substrate. A quadratic increase ( p = 0.078) in neutral detergent fiber digestibility was also noted, demonstrating that doses & lt; 9% DM were optimal for simultaneously enhancing digestibility and CH 4 reduction. In sacco , a 50% decrease ( p = 0.087) in CH 4 coupled with an increase in propionate suggested increased biohydrogenation in the treatment phase. A decrease ( p & lt; 0.005) in ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) was also noted with PA in the rumen. Analysis of the rumen microbiome revealed a decrease ( p & lt; 0.001) in the Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio, suggesting PA to have antiprotozoal potential. At the genus level, a 78% decrease in Prevotella spp. and a moderate increase in fibrolytic Ruminococcus spp. were noted in the treatment phase. In silico binding of PA metabolites to cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase of Entodinium caudatum supported the antiprotozoal effect of PA. Overall, based on its high nutrient value and antiprotozoal activity, PA could probably replace the ionophores used for CH 4 abatement in the livestock industry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-302X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2587354-4
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Microbiology Vol. 12 ( 2021-7-20)
    In: Frontiers in Microbiology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-7-20)
    Abstract: Our previous research revealed the advantages of separate feeding (SF) systems compared to total mixed ration (TMR) in terms of ruminal methane (CH 4 ) production. The purpose of this experiment was to confirm the advantage of SF as a nutritional strategy for CH 4 mitigation, and to determine the effects of different feeding systems (TMR and SF) on the rumen microbiome and associated metagenome of two different breeds and on CH 4 emissions. We randomly allocated four Holstein (305 ± 29 kg) and four Hanwoo steers (292 ± 24 kg) to two groups; the steers were fed a commercial concentrate with tall fescue (75:25) as TMR or SF, in a crossover design (two successive 22-day periods). Neither feeding systems nor cattle breeds had an effect on the total tract digestibility of nutrients. The TMR feeding system and Hanwoo steers generated significantly more CH 4 ( P & lt; 0.05) and had a higher yield [g/d and g/kg dry matter intake (DMI)] compared to the SF system and Holstein steers. A larger rumen acetate:propionate ratio was observed for the TMR than the SF diet ( P & lt; 0.05), and for Hanwoo than Holstein steers ( P & lt; 0.001), clearly reflecting a shift in the ruminal H 2 sink toward CH 4 production. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) revealed a greater abundance (α & lt; 0.05 and LDA & gt; 2.0) of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) related to methanogenesis for Hanwoo steers compared to Holstein steers. Kendall’s correlation analysis revealed wide variation of microbial co-occurrence patterns between feeding systems, indicating differential H 2 thermodynamics in the rumen. A metagenome analysis of rumen microbes revealed the presence of 430 differentially expressed genes, among which 17 and 27 genes exhibited positive and negative associations with CH 4 production, respectively ( P & lt; 0.001). A strong interaction between feeding system and breed was observed for microbial and metagenomic abundance. Overall, these results suggest that the TMR feeding system produces more CH 4 , and that Hanwoo cattle are higher CH 4 emitters than SF diet and Holstein cattle, respectively. Interestingly, host-associated microbial interactions differed within each breed depending on the feeding system, which indicated that breed-specific feeding systems should be taken into account for farm management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-302X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2587354-4
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2024
    In:  Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine Vol. 11 ( 2024-5-7)
    In: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2024-5-7)
    Abstract: The long-term effects of fenestration in patients with Fontan circulation remain unclear. We aim to evaluate the fenestration impact on early and late outcomes in patients with extracardiac Fontan (ECF) using a propensity score matching analysis. Methods We performed an extensive retrospective multicenter clinical data review of the Korean Fontan registry and included 1,233 patients with surgical ECF (779 fenestrated, 454 non-fenestrated). Demographics, baseline, and follow-up data were collected and comprehensively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the baseline presence or absence of surgical fenestration. Subsequently, patients were sub-divided according to the fenestration status at the last follow-up. Propensity-score matching was performed to account for collected data between the 2 groups using a multistep approach. The primary outcomes were survival and freedom from Fontan failure (FFF). We also looked at postoperative hemodynamics, cardiopulmonary exercise test results, oxygen saturations, and functional status. Results After propensity-score matching (454 matched pairs), there was no difference in survival or FFF between the 2 groups. However, ECF patients with baseline fenestration had significantly lower oxygen saturation ( p = 0.001) and lower functional status ( p & lt; 0.001). Patients with fenestration had significantly longer bypass times, higher postoperative central venous pressure, higher postoperative left atrial pressure, and less prolonged pleural effusion in the early postoperative period. The propensity score matching according to the fenestration status at the last follow-up (148 matched pairs) showed that patients with a persistent fenestration had significantly lower oxygen saturation levels ( p & lt; 0.001). However there were no intergroup differences in the functional status, survival and FFF. Conclusions Our results showed no long-term benefits of the Fenestration in terms of survival and FFF. Patients with persistent fenestration showed oxygen desaturation but no difference in exercise intolerance was shown between the 2 groups.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2297-055X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2781496-8
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 12 ( 2021-7-8)
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-7-8)
    Abstract: We explored the combined effects of sarcopenia (SAR) and radiotherapy (RT) on outcomes in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) treated with immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB). Methods Among 185 patients with AGC treated with ICB, we defined SAR as skeletal muscle index & lt;49 cm2/m2 for men and & lt;31 cm2/m2 for women; 93 patients met criteria. We defined high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (hNLR) as NLR≥3. Palliative RT was performed in 37 patients (20%) before ICB. Results We frequently observed hNLR in patients with SAR (53% vs. 35%, p = 0.02). The median overall survival (OS) for the entire cohort was 5 months. Stratification by risk factors of SAR or hNLR revealed a significant difference in median OS (0 [N = 60] vs. 1 [N = 76] vs. 2 [N = 49]: 7.6 vs. 6.4 vs. 2.2 months, p & lt; 0.001). Patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H, N = 19) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive tumors (N = 13) showed favorable outcomes compared to those with microsatellite stable (MSS, N = 142) tumors (median OS, not reached vs. 16.8 vs. 3.8 months, respectively). The benefit of RT was evident in patients with both SAR and hNLR (median OS, 3.1 vs. 1.3 months, p = 0.02) and MSS/EBV-negative tumor (median OS, 6.5 vs. 3.5 months, p = 0.03), but outcomes after RT in MSI-H tumor were not significantly different. In multivariable analysis, SAR/hNLR, molecular subtypes, and a history of RT were associated with OS (all p & lt; 0.05). Conclusions We demonstrated the negative predictive value of SAR/hNLR on outcomes after ICB for AGC, and the history of RT could overcome the negative impact of SAR/hNLR and the MSS/EBV-negative subtype.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606827-8
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Veterinary Science Vol. 9 ( 2022-6-21)
    In: Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-6-21)
    Abstract: During 2014–2016, clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) caused the largest known avian influenza epidemic in South Korea. Based on data from earlier H5N8 outbreaks, primitive H5N8 virus in South Korea was classified into five subgroups: C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5. The present study investigated the pathogenic and molecular epidemiologic characteristics of H5N8 viruses obtained from 388 cases of poultry farms and 85 cases of wild bird infections in South Korea during 2014–2016. Representative viruses of subgroups C1, C2, and C4 showed significant pathobiological differences in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, with the H1731 (C1) virus showing substantially lower infectivity, transmissibility, and pathogenicity than the H2102 (C2) and H1924 (C4) viruses. Full genome sequence analysis showed the number of mutations that significantly increased in domestic duck-origin H5N8 HPAIVs compared to the viruses from gallinaceous poultry. These differences may have been due to the long-term circulation of viruses in domestic duck farms. The same mutations, at positions 219 and 757 of PB1, independently evolving in the C0, C1, and C2 subgroups may have been positively selected, resulting in convergent evolution at the amino acid level. Bayesian discrete trait phylodynamic analysis (DTA) indicated multiple introductions of H5N8 HPAIV from wild birds into domestic poultry in various regions in South Korea. Following initial viral introduction into domestic duck farms in the western part of Korea, domestic ducks played a major role in viral transmission and maintenance. These findings highlight the need for continued genomic surveillance and pathobiological characterization of HPAIV in birds. Enhanced biosecurity in poultry farms should be implemented to prevent the introduction, maintenance, and spread of HPAIV.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2297-1769
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834243-4
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  • 6
    In: Frontiers in Genetics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2023-8-29)
    Abstract: Purpose: To investigate the clinical features, natural course, and genetic characteristics of Koreans with rhodopsin-associated retinitis pigmentosa ( RHO -associated RP). Design: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, observational cohort study. Participants: We reviewed the medical records of 42 patients with RHO -associated RP of 36 families who visited 4 hospitals in Korea. Methods: Patients with molecular confirmation of pathogenic variants of the RHO gene were included. The patients were divided into two subgroups: the generalized and sector RP groups. A central visual field of the better-seeing eye of & lt;10° or a best-corrected visual acuity of the better-seeing eye & lt;20/40 indicated the progression to late-stage RP. Results: The mean age at which symptoms first appeared was 26.3 ± 17.9 years (range: 8–78 years), and the mean follow-up period was 80.9 ± 68.7 months (range: 6–268 months). At the last follow-up visit, the generalized RP group showed a significantly higher rate of visual field impairment progression to late-stage RP than that of the sector RP group (22 of 35 [62.9%] vs. 0 of 7 [0.0%] , p = 0.003). No cases in the sector RP group progressed to generalized RP. Best-corrected visual acuity deterioration to late-stage RP was observed only in the generalized RP group (13 of 35 patients; 37.1%), whereas no deterioration was observed in the sector RP group. We identified 16 known and three novel RHO mutations, including two missense mutations (p.T108P and p.G121R) and one deletion mutation (p.P347_A348del). The pathogenic variants were most frequently detected in exon 1 (14 of 36 [38.9%]). The most common pathogenic variants were p.P347L and T17M (5 of 36 [13.9%] families). Among 42 patients of 36 families, 35 patients of 29 families (80.6%) presented with the generalized RP phenotype, and seven patients of seven families (19.4%) presented with the sector RP phenotype. Three variants (p.T17M, p.G101E, and p.E181K) presented with both the generalized and sector RP phenotypes. Conclusion: This multicenter cohort study provided information on the clinical and genetic features of RHO -associated RP in Koreans. It is clinically important to expand the genetic spectrum and understand genotype-phenotype correlations to ultimately facilitate the development of gene therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-8021
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606823-0
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  • 7
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-9-23)
    Abstract: Despite vaccine development, the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing due to immunity-escaping variants of concern (VOCs). Estimations of vaccine-induced protective immunity against VOCs are essential for setting proper COVID-19 vaccination policy. Methods We performed plaque-reduction neutralizing tests (PRNTs) using sera from healthcare workers (HCWs) collected from baseline to six months after COVID-19 vaccination and from convalescent COVID-19 patients. The 20.2% of the mean PRNT titer of convalescent sera was used as 50% protective value, and the percentage of HCWs with protective immunity for each week (percent-week) was compared among vaccination groups. A correlation equation was deduced between a PRNT 50% neutralizing dose (ND 50 ) against wild type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 and that of the Delta variant. Results We conducted PRNTs on 1,287 serum samples from 297 HCWs (99 HCWs who received homologous ChAdOx1 vaccination (ChAd), 99 from HCWs who received homologous BNT162b2 (BNT), and 99 from HCWs who received heterologous ChAd followed by BNT (ChAd-BNT)). Using 365 serum samples from 116 convalescent COVID-19 patients, PRNT ND 50 of 118.25 was derived as 50% protective value. The 6-month cumulative percentage of HCWs with protective immunity against WT SARS-CoV-2 was highest in the BNT group (2297.0 percent-week), followed by the ChAd-BNT (1576.8) and ChAd (1403.0) groups. In the inter-group comparison, protective percentage of the BNT group (median 96.0%, IQR 91.2–99.2%) was comparable to the ChAd-BNT group (median 85.4%, IQR 15.7–100%; P =0.117) and significantly higher than the ChAd group (median 60.1%, IQR 20.0–87.1%; P & lt; 0.001). When Delta PRNT was estimated using the correlation equation, protective immunity at the 6-month waning point was markedly decreased (28.3% for ChAd group, 52.5% for BNT, and 66.7% for ChAd-BNT). Conclusion Decreased vaccine-induced protective immunity at the 6-month waning point and lesser response against the Delta variant may explain the Delta-dominated outbreak of late 2021. Follow-up studies for newly-emerging VOCs would also be needed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606827-8
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  • 8
    In: Frontiers in Medicine, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-11-30)
    Abstract: We aimed to suggest muscle mass-based criteria for using of the cystatin C test for the accurate estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Materials and methods We recruited 138 Korean subjects and evaluated eGFRcr (derived from Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) based on creatinine) was compared to eGFRcys based on cystatin C as the reference value. The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used as representative of muscle mass. Calf circumference (CC) was also evaluated. We defined the patients by eGFRcr as those with values of eGFRcr ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 but eGFRcys & lt; 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 as the detection of hidden renal impairment (DHRI). Cut-off values were determined based on muscle mass for the cases of DHRI suggesting the criteria of cystatin C test in renal function evaluation. Results We confirmed significant negative correlation between %difference of eGFRcr from eGFRcys and SMI ( r , −0.592 for male, −0.484 for female) or CC ( r , −0.646 for male, −0.351 for female). SMI of 7.3 kg/m 2 for males and 5.7 kg/m 2 for females were suggested to be significant cutoffs for indication of cystatin C test. We also suggested CC would be valuable for cystatin C indication. Conclusion We suggested the muscle mass-based objective criteria relating to SMI and CC that would indicate the use of cystatin C to evaluate renal function test in sarcopenic cases. Our results highlight the importance of muscle mass-based selection of renal function.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-858X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2775999-4
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Vol. 12 ( 2022-6-6)
    In: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2022-6-6)
    Abstract: Current therapeutic strategies for Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI), including oral vancomycin, metronidazole and fecal microbial transplantation, have limited efficacy and treatment failure may occur in as many as one- third of cases. Recent studies have reported that lower concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are associated with CDI severity and recurrence. However, there have been no studies on microbiota composition after the administration of vitamin D in patients with CDI. Therefore, our study aimed to compare the microbiota composition between the two groups, including eight CDI-positive patients with vitamin D supplementation and ten CDI-positive patients without vitamin D supplementation by using 16S rRNA microbial profiling. Methods Twenty subjects were enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled study. One subject dropped out due to lack of contact with the guardian after discharge and one subject dropped out due to withdrawal of consent. Thus, 18 patients with CDI and vitamin D insufficiency (vitamin D level & lt; 17 ng/mL) were divided into two groups: CDI with vitamin D supplementation (n = 8) and CDI without vitamin D supplementation (control: n = 10). Subjects with vitamin D insufficiency were randomized to receive 200,000 IU intramuscular cholecalciferol whereas patients in the control group received only oral vancomycin. Stool samples were obtained twice before vancomycin was administered and eight weeks after treatment; the V3-V4 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing was performed using EzBioCloud. Results The alpha diversity of the gut microbiota in the recovery state was significantly higher than that in the CDI state. Analysis of bacterial relative abundance showed significantly lower Proteobacteria and higher Lachnospiraceae , Ruminococcaceae , Akkermansiaceae , and Bifidobacteriaceae in the recovery state. When comparing the control and vitamin D treatment groups after eight weeks, increase in alpha diversity and, abundance of Lachnospiraceae , and Ruminococcaceae exhibited the same trend in both groups. A significant increase in Bifidobacteriaceae and Christensenellaceae was observed in the vitamin D group; Proteobacteria abundance was significantly lower in the vitamin D treatment group after eight weeks than that in the control group. Conclusion Our study confirmed that the increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacteriaceae , and Christensenellaceae were prominently evident during recovery after administration of a high dose of cholecalciferol. These findings indicate that vitamin D administration may be useful in patients with CDI, and further studies with larger sample sizes are required.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2235-2988
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2619676-1
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  • 10
    In: Frontiers in Plant Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2020-5-18)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-462X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2687947-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2613694-6
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