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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Presentation_1.pptx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 13 ( 2022-12-12)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-12-12)
    Abstract: The longevity of immune responses induced by different degrees of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection provides information important to understanding protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we report the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) specific antibodies and memory B cells recognizing this antigen in sequential samples from patients in Bangladesh with asymptomatic, mild, moderate and severe COVID-19 out to six months following infection. Since the development of long-lived memory B cells, as well as antibody production, is likely to be dependent on T helper (Th) cells, we also investigated the phenotypic changes of Th cells in COVID-19 patients over time following infection. Our results show that patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 mounted significant levels of IgG antibodies out to six months following infection, while patients with asymptomatic or mild disease had significant levels of IgG antibodies out to 3 months following infection, but these then fell more rapidly at 6 months than in patients with higher disease severity. Patients from all severity groups developed circulating memory B cells (MBCs) specific to SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD by 3 months following infection, and these persisted until the last timepoint measured at 6 months. A T helper cell response with an effector memory phenotype was observed following infection in all symptomatic patients, while patients with asymptomatic infection had no significant increases in effector Th1, Th2 and Th17 effector memory cell responses. Our results suggest that the strength and magnitude of antibody and memory B cells induced following SARS-CoV-2 infection depend on the severity of the disease. Polarization of the Th cell response, with an increase in Th effector memory cells, occurs in symptomatic patients by day 7 following infection, with increases seen in Th1, Th2, Th17 and follicular helper T cell subsets.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1052374
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1052374.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606827-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Image_6.tif
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 13 ( 2022-9-28)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-9-28)
    Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a protean disease causing different degrees of clinical severity including fatality. In addition to humoral immunity, antigen-specific T cells may play a critical role in defining the protective immune response against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes this disease. As a part of a longitudinal cohort study in Bangladesh to investigate B and T cell-specific immune responses, we sought to evaluate the activation-induced marker (AIM) and the status of different immune cell subsets during a COVID-19 infection. We analyzed a total of 115 participants, which included participants with asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe clinical symptoms. We observed decreased mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell frequency on the initial days of the COVID-19 infection in symptomatic patients compared to asymptomatic patients. However, natural killer (NK) cells were found to be elevated in symptomatic patients just after the onset of the disease compared to both asymptomatic patients and healthy individuals. Moreover, we found a significant increase of AIM + (both OX40 + CD137 + and OX40 + CD40L + ) CD4 + T cells in moderate and severe COVID-19 patients in response to SARS-CoV-2 peptides (especially spike peptides) compared to pre-pandemic controls who are unexposed to SARS-CoV-2. Notably, we did not observe any significant difference in the CD8 + AIMs (CD137 + CD69 + ), which indicates the exhaustion of CD8 + T cells during a COVID-19 infection. These findings suggest that patients who recovered from moderate and severe COVID-19 were able to mount a strong CD4 + T-cell response against shared viral determinants that ultimately induced T cells to mount further immune responses to SARS-CoV-2.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929849
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929849.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929849.s002
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929849.s003
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929849.s004
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929849.s005
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929849.s006
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929849.s007
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606827-8
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
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