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  • Frontiers Media SA  (9)
  • 1
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    DataSheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Vol. 12 ( 2022-7-11)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2022-7-11)
    Abstract: With the emergence and rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta and Omicron variants, escaping vaccine-induced immunity is a concern. Three vaccination schedules, homologous or heterologous, have been initially applied due to an insufficient supply of vaccines in Korea. We investigated neutralizing activities against Omicron and Delta variants in each schedule. Three schedules using three doses of the BNT162b2 (BNT) or the ChAdOx1 (ChAd) vaccines include ChAd-ChAd-BNT, ChAd-BNT-BNT, and BNT-BNT-BNT. Neutralizing activities were evaluated using plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT) against wild type (WT) SARS-CoV-2, Delta variant, and Omicron variant. A total of 170 sera from 75 participants were tested, and the baseline characteristics of participants were not significantly different between groups. After the 2nd vaccine dose, geometric mean titers of PRNT ND 50 against WT, Delta, and Omicron were highest after ChAd-BNT vaccination (2,463, 1,097, and 107) followed by BNT-BNT (2,364, 674, and 38) and ChAd-ChAd (449, 163, and 25). After the 3rd dose of BNT, the increase of PRNT ND 50 against WT, Delta, and Omicron was most robust in ChAd-ChAd-BNT (4,632, 988, and 260), while the BNT-BNT-BNT group showed the most augmented neutralizing activity against Delta and Omicron variants (2,315 and 628). ChAd-BNT-BNT showed a slight increase of PRNT ND 50 against WT, Delta, and Omicron (2,757, 1,279, and 230) compared to the 2nd dose. The results suggest that a 3rd BNT booster dose induced strengthened neutralizing activity against Delta and Omicron variants. The waning of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies after the 3rd dose and the need for additional boosting should be further investigated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2235-2988
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.948014
    DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.948014.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2619676-1
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  • 2
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    Characteristics of Different Size Phytoplankton for Primary Production and Biochemical Compositions in the Western East/Japan Sea
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2020
    In:  Frontiers in Microbiology Vol. 11 ( 2020-12-21)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Microbiology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2020-12-21)
    Abstract: The current phytoplankton community structure is expected to change, with small phytoplankton becoming dominant under ongoing warming conditions. To understand and evaluate the ecological roles of small phytoplankton in terms of food quantity and quality, the carbon uptake rates and intracellular biochemical compositions (i.e., carbohydrates, CHO; proteins, PRT; and lipids, LIP) of phytoplankton of different sizes were analyzed and compared in two different regions of the western East/Japan Sea (EJS): the Ulleung Basin (UB) and northwestern East/Japan Sea (NES). The average carbon uptake rate by the whole phytoplankton community in the UB (79.0 ± 12.2 mg C m –2 h –1 ) was approximately two times higher than that in the NES (40.7 ± 2.2 mg C m –2 h –1 ), although the average chlorophyll a (chl a ) concentration was similar between the UB (31.0 ± 8.4 mg chl a m –2 ) and NES (28.4 ± 7.9 mg chl a m –2 ). The main reasons for the large difference in the carbon uptake rates are believed to be water temperature, which affects metabolic activity and growth rate, and the difference in euphotic depths. The contributions of small phytoplankton to the total carbon uptake rate were not significantly different between the regions studied. However, the rate of decrease in the total carbon uptake with increasing contributions from small phytoplankton was substantially higher in the UB than in the NES. This result suggests that compared to other regions in the EJS, the primary production in the UB could decrease rapidly under ongoing climate change. The calorific contents calculated based on biochemical compositions were similar between the small (1.01 ± 0.33 Kcal m –3 ) and large (1.14 ± 0.36 Kcal m –3 ) phytoplankton in the UB, whereas the biochemical contents were higher in the large phytoplankton (1.88 ± 0.54 Kcal m –3 ) than in the small phytoplankton (1.06 ± 0.18 Kcal m –3 ) in the NES. The calorific values per unit of chl a were higher for the large phytoplankton than for the small phytoplankton in both regions, which suggests that large phytoplankton could provide a more energy efficient food source to organisms in higher trophic levels in the western EJS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-302X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.560102
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2587354-4
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  • 3
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    DataSheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 13 ( 2022-4-28)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-4-28)
    Abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative pathogen of tuberculosis (TB), which manipulates the host immunity to ensure survival and colonization in the host. Mtb possess a unique family of proteins, named PE_PGRS, associated with Mtb pathogenesis. Thus, elucidation of the functions of PE_PGRS proteins is necessary to understand TB pathogenesis. Here, we investigated the role of PE_PGRS38 binding to herpesvirus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease (HAUSP, USP7) in regulating the activity of various substrate proteins by modulating their state of ubiquitination. We constructed the recombinant PE_PGRS38 expressed in M. smegmatis (Ms_PE_PGRS38) to investigate the role of PE_PGRS38. We found that Ms_PE_PGRS38 regulated the cytokine levels in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages by inhibiting the deubiquitination of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 6 by HAUSP. Furthermore, the PE domain in PE_PGRS38 was identified as essential for mediating TRAF6 deubiquitination. Ms_PE_PGRS38 increased the intracellular burden of bacteria by manipulating cytokine levels in vitro and in vivo . Overall, we revealed that the interplay between HAUSP and PE_PGRS38 regulated the inflammatory response to increase the survival of mycobacteria.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.862628
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.862628.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606827-8
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  • 4
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    Incidence and Prevalence Trends of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Daegu-Kyungpook Province From 2017 to 2020
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Pediatrics Vol. 9 ( 2022-1-4)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Pediatrics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-1-4)
    Abstract: Background and Aim: There is paucity of data regarding the epidemiology of pediatric IBD in Asia compared to that of Western countries. We aimed to investigate the incidence and prevalence trends of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Daegu-Kyungpook province of South Korea from 2017 to 2020. Methods: This study was a multicenter, retrospective study conducted in eight IBD referral centers located in the Daegu-Kyungpook province. Children and adolescents of ≤18 years who were initially diagnosed with IBD between 2017 and 2020 were included. The annual number of children and adolescents newly diagnosed with IBD and the annual resident population of children and adolescents ≤18 years of age in the Daegu-Kyungpook province were investigated to calculate the annual incidence and prevalence in the region. Results: A total 304 children and adolescents that had been diagnosed with IBD were included in this study. Among these patients, 71.4% had been diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD), and 28.6% with ulcerative colitis (UC). The population based annual incidences of IBD from 2017 to 2020 were each 7.24, 6.82, 10.27, and 13.33 per 100,000, respectively ( P for trend & lt;0.001), 4.48, 5.26, 7.39, and 9.8 per 100,000, respectively, for CD ( P for trend & lt;0.001), and 2.76, 1.56, 2.88, and 3.53 per 100,000, respectively, for UC ( P for trend = 0.174). Conclusion: Pediatric IBD, especially CD has significantly increased recently in the Daegu-Kyungpook province. Epidemiology studies from other regions of Asia are required to better elucidate this trend of increase in Asia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-2360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.810173
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2711999-3
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  • 5
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    Combination of Rescue Stenting and Antiplatelet Infusion Improved Outcomes for Acute Intracranial Atherosclerosis-Related Large-Vessel Occlusion
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Neurology Vol. 12 ( 2021-7-5)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Neurology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-7-5)
    Abstract: Background and Purpose: Intracranial atherosclerosis-related large-vessel occlusion caused by in situ thrombo-occlusion (ICAS-LVO) has been regarded an important reason for refractoriness to mechanical thrombectomy (MT). To achieve better outcomes for ICAS-LVO, different endovascular strategies should be explored. We aimed to investigate an optimal endovascular strategy for ICAS-LVO. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed three prospective registries of acute stroke underwent endovascular treatment. Among them, patients with ICAS-LVO were assigned to four groups based on their endovascular strategy: (1) MT alone , (2) rescue intracranial stenting after MT failure ( MT-RS ), (3) glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor infusion after MT failure ( MT-GPI ), and (4) a combination of MT-RS and MT-GPI ( MT-RS + GPI ). Baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared among the groups. To evaluate whether the endovascular strategy resulted in favorable outcome, multivariable analysis was also performed. Results: A total of 184 patients with ICAS-LVO were included. Twenty-four patients (13.0%) were treated with MT alone, 25 (13.6%) with MT-RS, 84 (45.7%) with MT-GPI, and 51 (27.7%) with MT-RS+GPI. The MT-RS+GPI group showed the highest recanalization efficiency (98.0%). Frequency of patent arteries on follow-up (98.0%, p & lt; 0.001) and favorable outcome (84.3%, p & lt; 0.001) were higher in the MT-RS+GPI group than other groups. The MT-RS+GPI strategy remained an independent factor for favorable outcome (odds ratio, 20.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.97–211.4; p = 0.012). Conclusion: Endovascular strategy was significantly associated with procedural and clinical outcomes in acute stroke by ICAS-LVO. A combination of RS and GPI infusion might be an optimal rescue modality when frontline MT fails.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-2295
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.608270
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564214-5
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  • 6
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    Table_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 9 ( 2022-9-29)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-9-29)
    Abstract: The biochemical compositions of marine particulate organic matter (POM) can provide significant information to understanding the physiological conditions of phytoplankton and food quality for their potential consumers. We investigated the seasonal variations in biomolecular and amino acid (AA) compositions of the bulk POM in the southwestern East/Japan Sea from four different sampling months (February, April, August, and October) in 2018. In terms of the biomolecular composition of the POM, overall carbohydrates (CHO) were predominant among three biomolecules accounting for 48.6% followed by lipids (LIP; 35.5%) and proteins (PRT; 15.9%) in the East/Japan Sea. However, markedly seasonal differences in the biomolecular composition of POM were found from February to October, which could be due to seasonally different conditions favorable to phytoplankton growth. Dominant AA constituents to trace POM lability were glycine (GLY), alanine (ALA), and glutamic acid (GLU), suggesting that our POM was the mixtures of decomposing and fresher materials. Furthermore, the significantly negative correlation between the proportion of total essential amino acids (EAAs) and PRT composition (r = -0.627, p & lt; 0.01) was probably reflected by nutrient availability to phytoplankton partitioning EAAs or non-essential AAs (NEAAs). The different biomolecular compounds under un- or favorable growth conditions for phytoplankton could determine the nutritional quality of POM as potential prey as well as degradation status of POM. Therefore, the biochemical compositions of phytoplankton-originated POM hold important ecological implications in various marine ecosystems under ongoing climate changes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.979137
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.979137.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757748-X
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  • 7
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    DataSheet_2.pdf
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 9 ( 2022-6-15)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-6-15)
    Abstract: Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is an important greenhouse gas emitted in significant volumes by the Pacific Ocean. However, the relationship between N 2 O dynamics and environmental drivers in the subtropical western North Pacific Ocean (STWNPO) remains poorly understood. We investigated the distribution of N 2 O and its production as well as the related mechanisms at the surface (0–200 m), intermediate (200–1500 m), and deep (1500–5774 m) layers of the STWNPO, which were divided according to the distribution of water masses. We applied the transit time distribution (TTD) method to determine the ventilation times, and to estimate the N 2 O equilibrium concentration of water parcels last in contact with the atmosphere prior to being ventilated. In the surface layer, biologically derived N 2 O (ΔN 2 O) was positively correlated with the apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) (R 2 = 0.48), suggesting that surface N 2 O may be produced by nitrification. In the intermediate layer, ΔN 2 O was positively correlated with AOU and NO 3 − (R 2 = 0.92 and R 2 = 0.91, respectively) and negatively correlated with nitrogen sinks (N * ) (R 2 = 0.60). Hence, the highest ΔN 2 O value in the oxygen minimum layer suggested N 2 O production through nitrification and potential denitrification (up to 51% and 25% of measured N 2 O, respectively). In contrast, the deep layer exhibited a positive correlation between ΔN 2 O and AOU (R 2 = 0.92), suggesting that the N 2 O accumulation in this layer may be caused by nitrification. Our results demonstrate that the STWNPO serves as an apparent source of atmospheric N 2 O (mean air−sea flux 2.0 ± 0.3 μmol m -2 d -1 ), and that nitrification and potential denitrification may be the primary mechanisms of N 2 O production in the STWNPO. We predict that ongoing ocean warming, deoxygenation, acidification, and anthropogenic nitrogen deposition in the STWNPO may elevate N 2 O emissions in the future. Therefore, the results obtained here are important for elucidating the relationships between N 2 O dynamics and environmental changes in the STWNPO and the global ocean.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.854651
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.854651.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.854651.s002
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 8
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    Interannual Variation in Phytoplankton Community Driven by Environmental Factors in the Northern East China Sea
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 9 ( 2022-2-17)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-2-17)
    Abstract: The relative importance of interannual environmental changes in shaping phytoplankton community structure remains unclear in the East China Sea (ECS), which is the largest marginal sea in the western North Pacific Ocean. Based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of a variety of photosynthetic pigments, we investigated spatiotemporal variations in the phytoplankton community in the northern East China Sea (NECS) from 2018 to 2020 to understand biomass and compositional responses to environmental conditions in a complex current system. Correlation heatmaps and generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to explore the variations in major phytoplankton groups and their relationships to temperature, salinity, depth, and nutrients. The results indicated that the phytoplankton community structure was significantly different between 2018/2019 and 2020. Under the conditions of high dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and low dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) concentrations in winter 2020, cryptophytes replaced diatoms as the dominant species and were observed for the first time in this study area. Dinoflagellates predominated throughout the euphotic zone in spring 2020, and statistical analysis showed that dinoflagellates tended to prevail at low DIP and high DIN conditions compared with diatoms. Summer was the only season with strong water stratification that reoccurred every year, and diatoms were mainly concentrated at nutrient-enriched 1% light depths in the summers of 2018/2019. However, a large amount of Changjiang River Diluted Water (CDW) from the surface and western part of the study area affected all sampling sites eastward to 126°E in 2020, allowing diatoms to be dominant at 100% and 30% light depths in the westernmost stations in the NECS. In autumn 2020, diatoms decreased significantly because of DIP-limited environmental conditions and were replaced by small phytoplankton. Under expected warming ocean scenarios with human-induced nutrient inputs, small phytoplankton will become dominant, while spring dinoflagellate blooms will occur more frequently in the NECS. International monitoring programs for marine ecosystems are currently needed in the ECS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.769497
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 9
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    Spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton community in relation to environmental factors in the southern coastal waters of Korea
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 9 ( 2022-9-29)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-9-29)
    Abstract: The spatial and temporal environmental conditions in the southern coastal waters of Korea (SCWK) as a complex area, which is influenced by both ocean currents and anthropogenic nutrient inputs, are highly variable. The impacts of environmental factors on the distribution of phytoplankton community structure in the SCWK remain unclear. Based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of a variety of photosynthetic pigments, spatial and temporal variations in phytoplankton community compositions were investigated in the SCWK. Cluster analysis, correlation analysis, and generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to explore the major phytoplankton groups and their response patterns to temperature, salinity, depth, and macronutrients. The results indicated that diatoms were the absolute dominant groups in the SCWK for all seasons, especially in cold seasons. Diatoms mainly concentrated at 1% light depths, while high chlorophyll- a concentrations ( & gt;3 µg/L) occurred at 100% and 30% light depths with good light conditions. Both clustering and correlation analyses showed that diatoms had a strong positive correlation with macronutrients such as dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP), and dissolved silica (DSi). The temperature and salinity discrepancy between surface and bottom layers in summer caused a strong water stratification resulting in blocking nutrient-rich bottom water upwelling and leading cyanobacteria to become the dominant groups at 100% and 30% light depths in summer. Consistently, the cyanobacteria were highly associated with high temperature and low salinity in the correlation analysis and GAM results. Compared with diatom-predominant sites, cryptophytes and diatom-dominated sites are characterized by higher average excess nitrate (ExN). Further research on the responses of small-sized prokaryotic phytoplankton especially cyanobacteria to environmental variations and their primary production contributions would warrant a better understanding of the SCWK ecosystem.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.950234
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757748-X
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