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  • 1
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    The leaves of the seasoning plant Litsea cubeba inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome and ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Nutrition Vol. 9 ( 2022-7-27)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Nutrition, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-7-27)
    Abstract: The intracellular sensor NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome controls caspase-1 activity and the maturation and release of the cytokines interleukin (IL)−1β and IL−18. The NLRP3 inflammasome has attracted the attention of the pharmaceutical industry because it promotes the pathogenesis of many diseases, making it a promising target for drug development. Litsea cubeba (Lour.) is a plant traditionally used as a seasoning in Taiwan and in other Asian countries. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory activity of the leaves of L. cubeba against the NLRP3 inflammasome. We found that the ethanol extract of L. cubeba leaves (MLE) inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages by reducing caspase−1 activation and IL−1β secretion. MLE reduced pyroptosis in macrophages and inhibited the release of NLRP3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC). In a mechanistic study, MLE reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and preserved mitochondrial integrity, which led to reduced mitochondrial DNA release into the cytosol. MLE did not reduce the expression levels of NLRP3, IL−1β precursor or TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. These results indicated that MLE inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome by suppressing the activation signals of the NLRP3 inflammasome but not by reducing the priming signal induced by LPS. In addition, oral administration of MLE (20−80 mg/kg) ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)−induced colitis in a mouse model. Notably, mice that received MLE (1 and 2 g/kg) daily for 7 days did not exhibit visible side effects. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis found that α-Terpinyl acetate (27.2%) and 1,8−Cineole (17.7%) were the major compounds in MLE. These results indicated that L. cubeba leaves have the potential to be a nutraceutical for preventing and improving NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-861X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.871325
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2776676-7
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  • 2
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    Electrocardiographic changes associated with SGLT2 inhibitors and non-SGLT2 inhibitors: A multi-center retrospective study
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine Vol. 9 ( 2022-9-6)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-9-6)
    Abstract: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors has been shown with cardiovascular benefit in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. However, its osmotic diuresis still concern physicians who may look for possible electrolyte imbalance. We therefore aimed to investigate electrocardiographic (ECG) changes associated with SGLT2 inhibitors. Methods Electronic medical records from Chang Gung Research Database between January 1, 2001 and January 31, 2019 were searched for patients with ECG reports and patients on an oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA). We then separate these T2DM patients with EKG into those taking either SGLT2 inhibitors or non-SGLT2 inhibitors. We excluded patients with OHA use & lt;28 days, age & lt;18 years, baseline ECG QTc & gt; 500 ms, and ECG showing atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed between groups by age, sex, comorbidities, and medications (including QT prolonging medications). Conditional logistic regression and Firth's logistic regression for rare events were employed to compare the difference between SGLT2 and non-SGLT2 inhibitor patients. Results After exclusion criteria and PSM, there remained 1,056 patients with ECG on SGLT2 inhibitors and 2,119 patients with ECG on non-SGLT2 inhibitors in the study. There were no differences in PR intervals, QT prolongations by Bazett's or Fridericia's formulas, new onset ST-T changes, new onset CRBBB or CLBBB, and ventricular arrhythmia between the group of patients on SGLT2 inhibitors and the group of patients on non-SGLT2 inhibitors. There were no differences between the two groups in terms of cardiovascular death and sudden cardiac death. In addition, there were no differences between the two groups in terms of electrolytes. Conclusions Compared with T2DM patients on non-SGLT2 inhibitors, there were no differences in PR interval, QT interval, ST-T changes, bundle-branch block, or ventricular arrhythmia in the patients on SGLT2 inhibitors. There were no differences in cardiovascular mortality between these two groups. In addition, there were no electrolyte differences between groups. SGLT2 inhibitors appeared to be well-tolerated in terms of cardiovascular safety.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2297-055X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.934193
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2781496-8
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  • 3
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    HbA1C Variability Is Strongly Associated With the Severity of Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2019
    In:  Frontiers in Neuroscience Vol. 13 ( 2019-2-13)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Neuroscience, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2019-2-13)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-453X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00090
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2411902-7
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  • 4
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    Data_Sheet_1.pdf
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Medicine Vol. 10 ( 2023-9-19)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Medicine, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2023-9-19)
    Abstract: COVID-19 and influenza can both lead to acute kidney injury (AKI) as a common complication. However, no meta-analysis has been conducted to directly compare the incidence of AKI between hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and influenza. The objective of our study aims to investigate the incidence and outcomes of AKI among hospitalized patients between these two groups. Materials and methods A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was conducted from December 2019 to August 2023 to identify studies examining AKI and clinical outcomes among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and influenza. The primary outcome of interest was the incidence of AKI, while secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, recovery from AKI, hospital and ICU stay duration. The quality of evidence was evaluated using Cochrane and GRADE methods. Results Twelve retrospective cohort studies, involving 17,618 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and influenza, were analyzed. COVID-19 patients showed higher AKI incidence (29.37% vs. 20.98%, OR: 1.67, 95% CI 1.56–1.80, p   & lt; 0.01, I 2  = 92.42%), and in-hospital mortality (30.95% vs. 5.51%, OR: 8.16, 95% CI 6.17–10.80, p   & lt; 0.01, I 2  = 84.92%) compared to influenza patients with AKI. Recovery from AKI was lower in COVID-19 patients (57.02% vs., 80.23%, OR: 0.33, 95% CI 0.27–0.40, p   & lt; 0.01, I 2  = 85.17%). COVID-19 patients also had a longer hospital stay (SMD: 0.69, 95% CI 0.65–0.72, p   & lt; 0.01, I 2  = 98.94%) and longer ICU stay (SMD: 0.61, 95% CI 0.50–0.73, p   & lt; 0.01, I 2  = 94.80%) than influenza patients. In our study, evidence quality was high (NOS score 7–9), with low certainty for AKI incidence and moderate certainty for recovery form AKI by GRADE assessment. Conclusion COVID-19 patients had higher risk of developing AKI, experiencing in-hospital mortality, and enduring prolonged hospital/ICU stays in comparison to influenza patients. Additionally, the likelihood of AKI recovery was lower among COVID-19 patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-858X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1252990
    DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1252990.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2775999-4
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  • 5
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    HbA1C Variability Is Strongly Associated With the Severity of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes After Longer Diabetes Duration
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2019
    In:  Frontiers in Neuroscience Vol. 13 ( 2019-5-14)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Neuroscience, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2019-5-14)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-453X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00458
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2411902-7
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  • 6
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    Table_2.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Psychiatry Vol. 14 ( 2023-4-6)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychiatry, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2023-4-6)
    Abstract: Therapeutic effects of electrical cranial stimulation (CES) in patients suffering from anxiety remained unclear. This meta-analysis aimed at investigating acceptability and therapeutic efficacy of CES against anxiety, depression, and insomnia for patients who experienced symptoms of anxiety. Methods Major electronic databases were searched from inception until December 10, 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCT) focusing on therapeutic effectiveness of CES in patients whose primary complaints included anxiety. Effect sizes (ES) for different treatment outcomes were estimated by using generic inverse variance method. Results Eight RCTs were identified including a total of 337 participants. The therapeutic effectiveness of CES was significantly better than that in the control groups for anxiety (ES=-0.96, p & lt;0.00001, eight trials, 337 patients), depression (ES=-0.69, p =0.003, five trials), and insomnia (ES=-1.02, p = 0.0006, three trials) in those who presented with symptoms of anxiety. Subgroup analyses found that CES was equally effective regardless of comorbid presentation of depressive symptoms (ES=-0.94 in patients with anxiety only vs. ES=-1.06 in those with depression and anxiety) and whether CES was used as monotherapy or add-on therapy to medications (ES = −0.88 vs. ES = −1.12, respectively). Moreover, subgroup analysis of RCTs using the same device “Alpha-Stim” for CES was more effective in alleviating anxiety than sham controls (ES = −0.88, p & lt; 0.00001, four trials, 230 patients). Regarding acceptability, the use of CES did not increase the risk of treatment-related dropout compared to the control group (RR = 1.26, p = 0.57, I 2 = 0%, four trials, 324 patients). Conclusion Our study supported the use of CES for symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia in those suffering from anxiety with fair acceptability and demonstrated the efficacy of “Alpha-Stim”, the most commonly used device for CES, in this patient population. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ , identifier: CRD42022382619.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-0640
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1157473
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1157473.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1157473.s002
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564218-2
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  • 7
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    The Role of Nonapoptotic Programmed Cell Death — Ferroptosis, Necroptosis, and Pyroptosis — in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Treatment
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Oncology Vol. 12 ( 2022-5-19)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Oncology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2022-5-19)
    Abstract: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most lethal cancer, with a dismal 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. It is estimated that approximately 80% of pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) patients are diagnosed at an advanced or metastatic stage. Hence, most patients are not appropriate candidates for surgical resection and therefore require systemic chemotherapy. However, it has been reported that most patients develop chemoresistance within several months, partly because of antiapoptotic mechanisms. Hence, inducing alternative programmed cell death (PCD), including ferroptosis, necroptosis or pyroptosis, seems to be a promising strategy to overcome antiapoptosis-mediated chemoresistance. In this review, we shed light on the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis and suggest several potential strategies (e.g., compounds and nanoparticles [NPs]) that are capable of triggering nonapoptotic PCD to suppress PDAC progression. In conclusion, these strategies might serve as adjuvants in combination with clinical first-line chemotherapies to improve patient survival rates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2234-943X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.872883
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2649216-7
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  • 8
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    Table_1.pdf
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Oncology Vol. 11 ( 2022-1-3)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Oncology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2022-1-3)
    Abstract: Patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) who develop distant metastasis (DM) face poor outcomes, and effective prediction models of DM are rare. A total of 595 patients with OCSCC were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Because pathological N staging significantly influences the development and mechanisms of DM, the patients were divided into nodal-negative (pN−) and -positive (pN+) groups. Clinical outcomes, prognoses, and prediction models were analyzed separately for both groups. Overall, 8.9% (53/595) of these patients developed DM. Among the DM cases, 84.9% (45/53) of them developed DM within the first 3 years. The median overall survival, locoregional recurrence-free survival, time until DM development, and postmetastatic survival were 19.8, 12.7, 14.6, and 4.1 months, respectively. Distinguishing patients who only developed locoregional recurrence from those with DM according to locoregional conditions was difficult. Age, surgical margin, and early locoregional recurrence were predictors of DM that were independent of time until DM in the pN− group; the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, presence of lymphovascular invasion, and early locoregional recurrence in the pN+ group were determined. If one point was scored for each factor, then two scoring systems were used to classify the patients into low- (score = 0), intermittent- (score = 1), or high- (score = 2 or 3) risk for the pN− and pN+ groups. According to this scoring system, the 3-year DM rates for the low, intermittent, and high risk subgroups were 0.0%, 5.9%, and 17.8% for the pN− group and 7.1%, 44.9%, and 82.5% for the pN+ group, respectively. These systems also effectively predicted DM, and the areas under the curve predicted DM occurring within the first 3 years were 0.744 and 0.820 for the pN− and pN+ groups, respectively. In conclusion, effective scoring models were established for predicting DM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2234-943X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.713815
    DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.713815.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2649216-7
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  • 9
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    Data_Sheet_1.PDF
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Pediatrics Vol. 9 ( 2021-2-12)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Pediatrics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2021-2-12)
    Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to investigate the contribution of high body mass index (BMI) to growth velocity among school-aged children who remained in the same BMI categories for a 6-year period. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included children who enrolled in the school year 2009 and remained in the same BMI categories during their 1st, 4th, and 7th grades (6–7, 9–10, 12–13 years of age). Annual linear growth velocity and weight gain were calculated and compared between sexes, BMI groups, and different times. Risk analysis and repeated measures analysis of variance were performed to identify the impact of BMI on growth velocity. Results: Of the 1,637 subjects, 53.0% were male, and 2.5% and 10.9% belonged to BMI groups of overweight and obese, respectively. In students between 6 and 13 years of age, obesity was associated with higher annual weight gain and height gain. Risk analysis showed that obese subjects had higher linear growth velocity than normal BMI groups of both sexes between 6 and 9 years of age. Unexpectedly, overweight and obese girls between 9 and 13 years of age had less linear growth velocity than underweight girls at the same interval. Repeated measures analysis of variance in both sexes showed a significant statistical association between BMI and different times of growth. However, the effect was less in girls between 9 and 13 years of age. Conclusion: Puberty may dominate over BMI as the main contributor to high growth velocity in girls with underweight BMI emerging into pubertal age.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-2360
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.599730
    DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.599730.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2711999-3
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  • 10
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    Table_2.DOCX
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Public Health Vol. 11 ( 2023-12-5)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Public Health, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2023-12-5)
    Abstract: Therapeutic efficacies of probiotics in improving neurocognitive functions in infants and young children remained unclear. This meta-analysis focused on different cognitive outcomes in this population. Methods Major databases were searched electronically from inception to October 2023 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the therapeutic efficacy of probiotics in enhancing cognitive functions assessed by standardized tasks. The overall effect size was calculated as standardized mean difference (SMD) based on a random effects model. Results Nine RCTs with 3,026 participants were identified. Both our primary and secondary results demonstrated no significant difference in neurocognitive outcomes between infants/children treated with probiotics and those receiving placebos. However, our subgroup analysis of studies that offered a probiotics treatment course of over six months demonstrated a significantly better neurocognitive outcome than placebos (SMD = 0.21, p = 0.03, two studies with 451 participants), but this finding was based on only two RCTs. Conclusion Despite lack of significant therapeutic effects of probiotics on neurocognitive outcomes, our finding of a positive impact of probiotics on neurocognitive development in those undergoing treatment for over six months may provide an important direction for further investigations into the enhancement of therapeutic effects of probiotics on neurocognitive development in infants and young children. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42023463412.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-2565
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1323511
    DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1323511.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1323511.s002
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2711781-9
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