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  • Frontiers Media SA  (6)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Protein Digestion Kinetics Influence Maternal Protein Loss, Litter Growth, and Nitrogen Utilization in Lactating Sows
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Nutrition Vol. 9 ( 2022-3-21)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Nutrition, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-3-21)
    Abstract: Body protein losses in lactating sows have a negative impact on sow and litter performance. Improving dietary amino acid utilization may limit protein mobilization. The effects of dietary protein kinetics on sow body condition loss, blood plasma metabolites, and plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and also on litter gain during lactation, were investigated in this study. In total, 57 multiparous sows were fed one of three lactation diets with the same crude protein level: low level of slow protein diet (LSP) (8% slowly degradable protein of total protein), medium level of slow protein diet (MSP) (12% slowly degradable protein of total protein), or high level of slow protein diet (HSP) (16% slowly degradable protein of total protein) in a complete block design. Our results showed that HSP sows lost the least body weight compared to MSP and LSP sows (11.9 vs. 17.3 and 13.5 kg, respectively; p = 0.01), less body protein than MSP sows (1.0 vs. 2.1 kg; p = 0.01), and tended to lose less loin muscle thickness than LSP sows (1.7 vs. 4.9 mm; p = 0.09) between Day 2 to Day 21 post-farrowing. LSP sows had greatest plasma urea level on Day 6 than MSP and HSP sows (4.9 vs. 3.6 and 3.1 mmol/L, respectively; p & lt; 0.01) and on Day 13 (5.6 vs. 4.1 and 3.7 mmol/L, respectively; p & lt; 0.01). HSP sows had the lowest plasma urea level at Day 20 compared to LSP and MSP sows (4.0 vs. 5.5 and 4.9 mmol/L, respectively; p & lt; 0.01). The average plasma urea level of Days 6, 13, and 20 post-farrowing was negatively correlated with slow protein intake ( r = −0.49, p & lt; 0.01). Litter gain, milk composition, and nitrogen output to the environment did not differ significantly among the treatment groups. Therefore, the dietary protein kinetics affected mobilization of maternal reserves in multiparous sows during lactation, with a high fraction of slow protein-sparing protein mobilization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-861X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.862823
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2776676-7
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Table_2.DOCX
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Veterinary Science Vol. 9 ( 2022-7-27)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-7-27)
    Abstract: Melophagus ovinus disease is a common ectoparasitosis, which can lead to a decrease in animal production performance, product quality, and even death. Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz. has many pharmacological activities including insecticidal, heat-clearing, analgesic, and dehumidifying. However, there are few researches focused on the effects and related mechanism of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz. in killing Melophagus ovinus . In this study, 11 alkaloids of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz. were detected, and its total alkaloid activity was determined. The results showed when the total alkaloid concentration was 64 mg/ml and the treatment time was 16 h, the killing rate of Melophagus ovinus reached 100%. Through the observation of the differences in the surface of Melophagus ovinus in each experimental group, it was found that the morphology of the posterior end of the female Melophagus ovinus in the alkaloid treatment group was significantly different from that of the blank and positive control groups, and most of the epidermal tissue was obsessive and missing. Moreover, the enzyme activity determination results of 64 mg/ml group were significantly different when compared with the normal control group, while there was no significant difference in other groups. Then, the Melophagus ovinus gene library was established by the unreferenced genome transcriptome sequencing, the proteomic comparison was performed using tandem mass tag labeled protein detection technology, and finally, the samples were quantitatively analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry tandem and bioinformatics methods. Based on the above experimental results, it was speculated that Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz. total alkaloids may cause the imbalance of protein disulfide isomerase expressions by affecting the regulation of Hsp40 cellular protein homeostasis and the oxidation of protein disulfide isomerase and related proteins. This would affect the selective recognition of signal sequence, the targeted transport of Sec 61, and the correct folding of the three-dimensional structure of amino acid chain, weakening the clearance of amino acid chains that cannot be correctly folded and eventually resulting in the killing of Melophagus ovinus . This study preliminarily revealed the mechanism of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz. total alkaloids against Melophagus ovinus and provided a theoretical basis for the screening of Melophagus ovinus action targets and the development of new veterinary drugs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2297-1769
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.951058
    DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.951058.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.951058.s002
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834243-4
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exenatide improves hepatocyte insulin resistance induced by different regional adipose tissue
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Endocrinology Vol. 13 ( 2022-9-29)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Endocrinology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-9-29)
    Abstract: Obesity is resulted from energy surplus and is characterized by abnormal adipose tissue accumulation and/or distribution. Adipokines secreted by different regional adipose tissue can induce changes in key proteins of the insulin signaling pathway in hepatocytes and result in impaired hepatic glucose metabolism. This study aimed to investigate whether exenatide affects key proteins of IRS2/PI3K/Akt2 signaling pathway in hepatocytes altered by the different regional fat depots. Six non-obese patients without endocrine diseases were selected as the research subjects. Their subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT)were co-cultured with HepG2 cells in the transwell chamber. In the presence or absence of exenatide, adipokines content in the supernatant of each experimental group was detected by ELISA. In addition, HepG2 cells in each co-culture group with and without insulin were collected, and the expression of key proteins IRS2, p-IRS2(S731), PI3K-p85, Akt2, and p-Akt2(S473) was detected by western blotting (WB). The results showed that the adipokines IL-8, MCP-1, VEGF, and sTNFR2 in the supernatant of HepG2 cells induced by different regional adipose tissue were significantly higher than those in the HepG2 group, and VAT released more adipokines than SAT. Furthermore, these adipokines were significantly inhibited by exenatide. Importantly, the different regional fat depot affects the IRS2/PI3K/Akt2 insulin signaling pathway of hepatocytes. Exenatide can up-regulate the expression of hepatocyte proteins IRS2, PI3K-p85, p-Akt2(S731) inhibited by adipose tissue, and down-regulate the expression of hepatocyte proteins p-IRS2(S731) promoted by adipose tissue. The effect of VAT on the expression of these key proteins in hepatocytes is more significant than that of SAT. But there was no statistical difference in the expression of Akt2 protein among each experimental group, suggesting that exenatide has no influence on the expression of Akt2 protein in hepatocytes. In conclusion, exenatide may improve hepatic insulin resistance (IR) by inhibiting adipokines and regulating the expression of key proteins in the IRS2/PI3K/Akt2 pathway.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-2392
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1012904
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2592084-4
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Data_Sheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Vol. 11 ( 2023-5-5)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2023-5-5)
    Abstract: Composting is a highly effective method for managing the growing quantity of agricultural waste, promoting nutrient recycling, and advancing sustainable agriculture. However, the significant amounts of volatile inorganic compounds (VICs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated during the composting process cannot be ignored due to their serious ecological environmental hazards and detrimental impact on human health. The types and pathways of VICs and VOCs produced during the composting process remain not well understood. Methods In this study, we investigated the VOCs produced during chicken manure and straw composting using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). We performed qualitative and quantitative analyses of VOCs in composting emissions gases and their correlation with odor. Results Our results showed that 44 VOCs were detected during composting, including 4 oxidation-containing compounds, 2 sulfur-containing organics, 5 alkanes, 19 halogenated compounds, and 14 aromatic compounds. Aromatic compounds were found to be the main component of VOCs, accounting for 59.14% of the total content. The highest VOC content was found in the pre-composting period, and the highest emitting VOC was p-Isopropyl Toluene, which reached 7870.50 μg/m 3 . We identified eight substances that were highly correlated with odor concentration ( p   & lt; 0.01) and are the main odor-causing substances that need to be monitored and controlled. Discussion Our study provides important insights into the transformation of volatile gases during the composting process. It highlights the need for proper management practices to control VOCs emissions and reduce their environmental impact.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-701X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1192132
    DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1192132.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2745634-1
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Case report: Cerebrospinal fluid-derived circulating tumor DNA diagnoses and guides the treatment of a lung adenocarcinoma case with leptomeningeal metastasis
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Oncology Vol. 12 ( 2022-11-28)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Oncology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2022-11-28)
    Abstract: Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) occurs in 3~5% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Diagnosis of patients with LM and disease monitoring remains challenging due to the low sensitivity and specificity of the commonly used approaches, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore, new approaches are necessary to improve the detection of LM. Recent studies have shown that circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in CSF can be used to detect and monitor LM, but whether it can serve as an early diagnostic biomarker prior to cytological and radiographic evidence of LM involvement requires further evaluation. Here we report a lung adenocarcinoma patient who had detectable oncogenic mutations in the CSF ctDNA prior to confirmation of LM by CSF cytology and MRI, highlighting the potential application of CSF ctDNA in early detection of LM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2234-943X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.944963
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2649216-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Data_Sheet_1.pdf
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Psychiatry Vol. 13 ( 2022-9-29)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychiatry, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-9-29)
    Abstract: Depression in adolescents is more heterogeneous and less often diagnosed than depression in adults. At present, reliable approaches to differentiating between adolescents who are and are not affected by depression are lacking. This study was designed to assess voxel-level whole-brain functional connectivity changes associated with adolescent depression in an effort to define an imaging-based biomarker associated with this condition. Materials and methods In total, 71 adolescents affected by major depressive disorder (MDD) and 71 age-, sex-, and education level-matched healthy controls were subjected to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) based analyses of brain voxel-wise degree centrality (DC), with a support vector machine (SVM) being used for pattern classification analyses. Results DC patterns derived from 16-min rs-fMRI analyses were able to effectively differentiate between adolescent MDD patients and healthy controls with 95.1% accuracy (136/143), and with respective sensitivity and specificity values of 92.1% (70/76) and 98.5% (66/67) based upon DC abnormalities detected in the right cerebellum. Specifically, increased DC was evident in the bilateral insula and left lingual area of MDD patients, together with reductions in the DC values in the right cerebellum and bilateral superior parietal lobe. DC values were not significantly correlated with disease severity or duration in these patients following correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusion These results suggest that whole-brain network centrality abnormalities may be present in many brain regions in adolescent depression patients. Accordingly, these DC maps may hold value as candidate neuroimaging biomarkers capable of differentiating between adolescents who are and are not affected by MDD, although further validation of these results will be critical.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-0640
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.926292
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.926292.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564218-2
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