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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid Diversification of Marine Picophytoplankton with Dissimilar Light-Harvesting Structures Inferred from Sequences of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus (Cyanobacteria) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 46 (1998), S. 188-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words:Prochlorococcus—Synechococcus— Cyanobacteria — Picophytoplankton — Photosynthetic picoplankton — Prochlorophyte — Molecular evolution — Gene clusters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Cultured isolates of the unicellular planktonic cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and marine Synechococcus belong to a single marine picophytoplankton clade. Within this clade, two deeply branching lineages of Prochlorococcus, two lineages of marine A Synechococcus and one lineage of marine B Synechococcus exhibit closely spaced divergence points with low bootstrap support. This pattern is consistent with a near-simultaneous diversification of marine lineages with divinyl chlorophyll b and phycobilisomes as photosynthetic antennae. Inferences from 16S ribosomal RNA sequences including data for 18 marine picophytoplankton clade members were congruent with results of psbB and petB and D sequence analyses focusing on five strains of Prochlorococcus and one strain of marine A Synechococcus. Third codon position and intergenic region nucleotide frequencies vary widely among members of the marine picophytoplankton group, suggesting that substitution biases differ among the lineages. Nonetheless, standard phylogenetic methods and newer algorithms insensitive to such biases did not recover different branching patterns within the group, and failed to cluster Prochlorococcus with chloroplasts or other chlorophyll b-containing prokaryotes. Prochlorococcus isolated from surface waters of stratified, oligotrophic ocean provinces predominate in a lineage exhibiting low G + C nucleotide frequencies at highly variable positions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006294
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of two marine nitrite oxidizing bacteria, Nitrospina gracilis nov. gen. nov. sp. and Nitrococcus mobilis nov. gen. nov. sp. (1971)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 77 (1971), S. 203-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two new nitrite oxidizing bacteria for which the names Nitrococcus mobilis and Nitrospina gracilis are proposed were isolated from the marine environment. Nitrococcus mobilis was cultured from South Pacific waters and it is a large motile coccus with unique tubular cytomembranes. Nitrospina gracilis was isolated from South Atlantic waters and it is a long slender rod which lacks an extensive cytomembrane system. Both are obligate marine organisms and both are obligate chemoautotrophs. The fine structure of these organisms is detailed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408114
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of a visibly luminous variant of Vibrio fischeri strain ES114 from the sepiolid squid Euprymna scolopes (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 164 (1995), S. 194-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsVibrio fischeri ; Spontaneous variant ; Pleiotropic variant ; Dimorphism ; Symbiosis ; Sepiolid squid ; Euprymna scolopes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Vibrio fischeri strains isolated from light organs of the sepiolid squid Euprymna scolpes are non-visibly luminous and fast growing in laboratory culture, whereas in the symbiosis they are visibly luminous and slow growing. A spontaneous, visibly luminous, slow-growing variant was isolated from a laboratory culture of the squid-symbiotic V. fischeri strain ES114. Taxonomic and DNA-homology analyses demonstrated that the variant was V. fischeri and was very similar to the original form. However, the variant grew at one-fourth the rate of the original form, produced 30,000-fold more luminescence, induced luminescence at a lower cell density, and produced a higher level of V. fischeri luminescence autoinducer. Regulation of luminescence, nonetheless, was similar in the two forms and typical of V. fischeri with respect to responses to autoinducer, glucose, the iron chelator ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid), and 3′:5′-cyclic AMP. Compared to the original form, cells of the variant were smaller, exhibited from zero to two polar, sheathed flagella instead of a tuft of three to eight flagella, produced a deeper yellow-orange pigment, did not acidify media containing glycerol, and produced a more distinct pellicle. The two forms also differed in the levels of several outer membrane and soluble proteins. These results establish a distinctive physiological, morphological, and biochemical dimorphism in V. fischeri ES114 in which the variant exhibits several traits similar to V. fischeri cells in the symbiotic state. The variant and its conversion from the original form in laboratory culture may provide insight into the properties of V. fischeri cells in the symbiosis and may serve as a model for elucidating the mechanism for their pleiotropic conversion upon colonization of the squid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050254
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chloroherpeton thalassium gen. nov. et spec. nov., a non-filamentous, flexing and gliding green sulfur bacterium (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 138 (1984), S. 96-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Green sulfur bacterium ; Flexing ; Gliding ; Obligate phototroph ; Bacteriochlorophyll c
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A flexing and gliding green sulfur bacterium has been isolated from marine sources off the North East coast of the USA. Chloroherpeton thalassium is an obligate phototroph, and requires CO2 and S2- for growth; some organic acids can contribute to cell carbon, and N2 may be fixed. The cells contain typical chlorosomes, and gas vesicles may be present. Bacteriochlorophyll c is the main light harvesting pigment, and a small quantity of bacteriochlorophyll a is also present. Over 80% of the carotenoid is γ-carotene. DNA base composition of the isolates ranges from 45.0–48.2 mol% G+C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413007
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrospira marina gen. nov. sp. nov.: a chemolithotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 144 (1986), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nitrospira marina ; Nitrite-oxidizing bacterium ; Chemolithotrophic ; Mixotrophic ; Periplasmic space
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new chemolithotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium, for which the name Nitrospira marina is proposed, was isolated from the Gulf of Maine. N. marina is a Gramnegative curved rod which may form spirals with 1 to 12 turns. Cells have a unique periplasmic space and lack intracytoplasmic membranes and carboxysomes. N. marina is an obligate chemolithotroph, but best growth is obtained in a mixotrophic medium. N. marina may be one of the most prevalent nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in some oceanic environments. Type strain is field with American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 43039).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454947
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen fixation and nitrate utilization by marine and freshwater Beggiatoa (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 133 (1982), S. 172-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Beggiatoa ; Nitrogen fixation ; Acetylene reduction ; Nitrate assimilation ; Microaerobic ; Isolation of marine strains
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four newly isolated marine strains of Beggiatoa and five freshwater strains were tested for nitrogen fixation in slush agar medium. All strains reduced acetylene when grown microaerobically in media containing a reduced sulfur source and lacking added combined nitrogen. The addition of 2 mmol N, as nitrate or ammonium salts, completely inhibited this reduction. Although not optimized for temperature or cell density, acetylene reduction rates ranged from 3.2 to 12 nmol·mg prot-1 min-1. Two freshwater strains did not grow well or reduce acetylene in medium lacking combined nitrogen if sulfide was replaced by thiosulfate. Two other strains grew well in liquid media lacking both combined nitrogen and reduced sulfur compounds but only under lowered concentrations of air. All freshwater strains grew well in medium containing nitrate as the combined nitrogen source. Since they did not reduce acetylene under these conditions, we infer that they can assimilate nitrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414997
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prochlorococcus marinus nov. gen. nov. sp.: an oxyphototrophic marine prokaryote containing divinyl chlorophyll a and b (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 157 (1992), S. 297-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Prokaryote ; Prochlorophyte ; Prochlorococcus marinus ; Cyanobacteria ; Picoplankton ; Molecular phylogeny ; Divinyl chlorophyll
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Several years ago, prochlorophyte picoplankton were discovered in the N. Atlantic. They have since been found to be abundant within the euphotic zone of the world's tropical and temperate oceans. The cells are extremely small, lack phycobiliproteins, and contain divinyl chlorophyll a and b as their primary photosynthetic pigments. Phylogenies constructed from DNA sequence data indicate that these cells are more closely related to a cluster of marine cyanobacteria than to their prochlorophyte ‘relatives’ Prochlorothrix and Prochloron. Several strains of this organism have recently been brought into culture, and herewith are given the name Prochlorococcus marinus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00245165
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  • 8
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    Closely related phytoplankton species produce similar suites of dissolved organic matter (2014)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Frontiers in Microbiology 5 (2014): 111, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00111.
    Description: Production of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by marine phytoplankton supplies the majority of organic substrate consumed by heterotrophic bacterioplankton in the sea. This production and subsequent consumption converts a vast quantity of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus between organic and inorganic forms, directly impacting global cycles of these biologically important elements. Details regarding the chemical composition of DOM produced by marine phytoplankton are sparse, and while often assumed, it is not currently known if phylogenetically distinct groups of marine phytoplankton release characteristic suites of DOM. To investigate the relationship between specific phytoplankton groups and the DOM they release, hydrophobic phytoplankton-derived dissolved organic matter (DOMP) from eight axenic strains was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Identification of DOM features derived from Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, Thalassiosira, and Phaeodactylum revealed DOMP to be complex and highly strain dependent. Connections between DOMP features and the phylogenetic relatedness of these strains were identified on multiple levels of phylogenetic distance, suggesting that marine phytoplankton produce DOM that in part reflects its phylogenetic origin. Chemical information regarding the size and polarity ranges of features from defined biological sources was also obtained. Our findings reveal DOMP composition to be partially conserved among related phytoplankton species, and implicate marine DOM as a potential factor influencing microbial diversity in the sea by acting as a link between autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial community structures.
    Description: This research was supported by grants to Daniel J. Repeta and Sallie W. Chisholm from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and funding to Daniel J. Repeta, Edward F. DeLong, and Sallie W. Chisholm from the National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center Award 0424599.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/vnd.ms-excel
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