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  • 1
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    Safety of imported agricultural products: pesticide residues
    Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman ; 2020
    In:  Health Care of the Russian Federation Vol. 64, No. 3 ( 2020-07-01), p. 150-157
    Details
    In: Health Care of the Russian Federation, Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman, Vol. 64, No. 3 ( 2020-07-01), p. 150-157
    Abstract: Introduction. From the evaluation of the positions of residual quantities of pesticides, the hygienic safety assessment of imported food products is most relevant under the current agreement on a free trade zone between the EAEU and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, as well as in connection with a large list of chemical plant protection products used during the vegetation of crops. The purpose of the study. Rating the level of residual quantities of pesticides in samples of selected food products produced in Vietnam is the purpose of the study. Research objectives. To quantify 42 active ingredients of pesticides (and their metabolites) in samples of rice grain, dragon fruit (pitahaya), avocado, mango and banana (fresh and dried) are the research objectives. Material and methods. Multicomponent and individual methods based on LC and GC with MS-detection and FLD were used to identify active ingredients of pesticides. The sample preparation procedure with QuEChERS technology was used for the multi residues determination of the 40 compounds. The determination of avermectins (abamectin and emamectin benzoate) was carried out after the conversion of substances into fluorogenic derivatives. Results. Residual amounts of tebuconazole (rice - 0.53 ppm, mangoes - 0.26 ppm, avocado - 0.15 ppm), fludioxonil (rice - 0.017 ppm), imidacloprid (dried mangoes - 0.01 ppm), carbendazim (dried mangoes - 0.011 ppm) were identified in single samples No residual avermectins have been identified. The content of substances in the analyzed samples of dragon fruit (pitahaya) did not exceed 0.01 ppm. Discussion. The results obtained in the work are compared with the data of the annual pan-European and national monitoring, information on which is publicly available (2017), including imported goods, according to which rice and dragon fruits as objects of monitoring are given increased attention. Conclusions. The safety of certain types of food products imported from Vietnam is shown by the content of residual quantities of pesticides.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2412-0723 , 0044-197X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.46563/0044-197X-2020-64-3
    DOI: 10.46563/0044-197X-2020-64-3-150-157
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Threshold limit values of the antiviral drug interferon inducer amixin in the air of the working area and in the atmospheric air of urban and rural settlements
    Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman ; 2022
    In:  Toxicological Review Vol. 30, No. 2 ( 2022-04-30), p. 122-127
    Details
    In: Toxicological Review, Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman, Vol. 30, No. 2 ( 2022-04-30), p. 122-127
    Abstract: Introduction. Amiksin (tiloron) is a low molecular weight inducer of interferon, antiviral and immunomodulatory agent, used for the treatment and prevention of viral diseases, shown the effectiveness of including amixin in the complex therapy of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) mild and moderate severity. Materials and methods. Experimental studies to determine the parameters of amixin toxicometry were carried out using mice, rats, rabbits and guinea pigs. The substance was administered into the stomach, intraperitoneally, into the conjunctival sac of the eye, on the skin, intradermal and inhalation. Results. It is shown that amixin belongs to the 3rd hazard class (moderately hazardous substances) when injected into the stomach according to GOST 12.1.007-76: DL50 for male mice - 500 mg/kg, for female mice - 760 mg/kg; low toxicity when injected into the abdominal cavity, DL50 for male mice - 150 mg/kg. Amiksin has a weak irritant effect on the mucous membranes of the eyes, does not irritate the skin, has a skin-resorptive effect and functional cumulative activity. The threshold for acute inhalation exposure to amixin is set at 16,2 mg/m3 according to the effect on the functional state of the liver and kidneys. Limitations. When developing and substantiating the hygienic standards for amixin in the air, various ways of the substance entering the body of several animal species in representative groups were studied. Conclusion. For amixin aerosol, hygienic standards have been approved - 0,4 mg/m3 in the air of the working area and 0,01 mg/m3 in the atmospheric air.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0869-7922
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.47470/0869-7922-2022-30-2
    DOI: 10.47470/0869-7922-2022-30-2-122-127
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
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    Hygienic assessment of the skin-resorptive effect of xenobiotics (literature review)
    Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman ; 2021
    In:  Hygiene and sanitation Vol. 100, No. 9 ( 2021-09-20), p. 980-984
    Details
    In: Hygiene and sanitation, Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman, Vol. 100, No. 9 ( 2021-09-20), p. 980-984
    Abstract: The basis of safety for working with chemicals, including pesticides, is to minimize contact with them and prevent them from entering the body by inhalation and dermal route, sometimes in actual production conditions, the skin pathway can be more dangerous. The most studied inhalation route of harmful substances entering the body of a working person is confirmed by an extensive evidence base, the presence of regulatory and methodological documents, experimentally established and approved MPC in the air of the occupational area for 2484 substances, and 601 substances included in SanPiN 1.2.3685-211. The maximum permissible levels (MPL) on the skin are presented for only 26 substances in the same document. Identification and evaluation of the skin-resorptive effect of xenobiotics have methodological features due to the properties of the skin, which performs a barrier-protective function, and the physico-chemical, toxic properties of substances. The main stages of development in the domestic hygienic science and practice of research on the study and assessment of the skin-resorptive effect of xenobiotics in industrial contact with them are presented. The continuity of research on the study and evaluation of the skin-resorptive impact of chemicals used in various industries and agriculture is shown, making it possible to develop methodological approaches to the identification and risk assessment of dermal absorption of xenobiotics, including pesticides, within the organisms of workers. Evaluating the risk of skin contamination is the main argument for the development of measures for the primary prevention of skin resorptive action. Establishing the priority of the dermal route of toxicant intake is an evidence-based justification for making decisions about the possibility of using, for example, pesticides on the territory of the Russian Federation. The literature review is based on open sources hosted on virtual database platforms: Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Global Health, e-LIBRARY, Electronic Fund of Legal and Regulatory Documents, etc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2412-0650 , 0016-9900
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-9
    DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-9-980-984
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 4
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    Toxicological characteristic and bactericidal properties of Keggin-type heteropolyacids
    Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman ; 2022
    In:  Hygiene and sanitation Vol. 101, No. 1 ( 2022-02-09), p. 87-94
    Details
    In: Hygiene and sanitation, Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman, Vol. 101, No. 1 ( 2022-02-09), p. 87-94
    Abstract: Introduction. In modern reality the effectiveness of disinfection measures is often complicated by rapid development of microbial resistance to known disinfectants, therefore a constant search for new effective, safe disinfectants and compositions is necessary. Polyoxometallates (POMs), especially Keggin’s heteropolyacids (HPAs), are a promising class of inorganic compounds with a broad biological activity, including antiviral and antibacterial ones. So the research of HPAs toxicity and bactericidal activity for the creation of new disinfectants or optimization of known disinfectants by combining with HPAs are essential and actual. Materials and methods. HPAs samples H3PW12O40, H3PMo12O40, H4SiW12O40, H4SiMo12O40, H4PMo11VO40, H5PMo10V2O40, H4PW11VO40 were evaluated by the cytotoxicity index (IC50) in three cell lines by the MTT method using MTT-reagent 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide. HPAs acute toxicity in white mice (administration into the stomach and intraperitoneally) was tested in accordance with GOST 12.1.007-76. Bactericidal activity of HPAs and compositions with hydrogen peroxide was determined against test microorganisms S. aureus and E. coli by the suspension method. The results were supplemented by electron microscopic examination. Results. Vanadium-containing HPAs structures had higher cytotoxicity. All HPAs corresponded to hazard class III in terms of acute toxicity. Bactericidal activity of HPAs and HPAs combinations with hydrogen peroxide was revealed. The incorporation of two vanadium atoms into HPAs structure increased the bactericidal activity. Electron microscopic examination showed more pronounced morphological changes in the ultrastructure of E.coli treated with HPAs / hydrogen peroxide combinations. Mechanism of the bactericidal activity may be associated with HPAs penetration through a damaged membrane of porin channels of bacterial cells. Explanations are also given for another possible mechanism of HPAs action. Limitations. The study is limited to researching toxicological characteristics and bactericidal properties of HPAs, their combinations with hydrogen peroxide. The limited number of HPAs and disinfectants samples is associated with the complexity of the biological experiments. The choice of three cell lines is determined by three different sources of their origin. The suspension method for assessing the antimicrobial activity of substances was performed under the relevant GOST. Test cultures of S. aureus and E. coli were used, other pathogens were not considered. The experiments in vivo were carried out under guidelines for the protection of experimental animals, and their limited number is due to the cost of animals and current ethical views on experiments in vivo. Conclusion. It has been shown that prospects of both HPAs research and combining HPAs with disinfectants having a different mechanism of action in order to enhance a disinfecting effect and reduce the risk of developing microbial resistance to disinfectants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2412-0650 , 0016-9900
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-1
    DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-1-87-94
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 5
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    Toxicological and hygienic requirements when working with pesticides in agriculture
    Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman ; 2022
    In:  Hygiene and sanitation Vol. 101, No. 10 ( 2022-10-23), p. 1243-1248
    Details
    In: Hygiene and sanitation, Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman, Vol. 101, No. 10 ( 2022-10-23), p. 1243-1248
    Abstract: Intensive use of pesticides in Russia puts forward the task of identifying ways to prevent their adverse effects on the health of workers. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the safety requirements when working with pesticides in agriculture from a toxicological and hygienic standpoint. An analytical study was performed. Research materials documents regulating the use of pesticides, scientific publications, data from own research. The safety of pesticides for those working with them is based on numerous toxicological and hygienic studies carried out at the stage of registration tests. According to the results of toxicological studies, including the establishment of toxicity parameters for acute inhalation, dermal and oral intake, subacute and chronic exposure, in accordance with the hygienic classification of pesticides by degree of danger, a hazard class is established, which determines the possibility, scale, technology of the use of pesticides on the territory of the Russian Federation. Particular attention is paid to the study of sensitizing effects, irritating effects on the skin and mucous membranes, as well as possible manifestations of long-term effects (teratogenic, embryotoxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic). The severity of carcinogenic and mutagenic effects determines the restriction of the use of pesticides, up to a complete ban. Hygienic regulation of the content of active substances of pesticides is carried out taking into account the hazard class and toxicity parameters. A prerequisite for the safe use of pesticides is the establishment of hygienic standards in almost all environments. The last stage of the study is an assessment of the risk to workers when using each pesticide in real conditions of agricultural production and regulation of use. Conclusion. Safety requirements for those working with pesticides when applied using various technologies in agricultural conditions are determined taking into account the hazard class of pesticides and the equipment used. The application of the method of assessing the risk of exposure to pesticides at the stage of registration tests guarantees the exclusion from circulation in Russia of drugs that pose a real danger to a working person. The minimum risk of exposure to pesticides on workers is ensured by compliance with all safety requirements and application regulations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2412-0650 , 0016-9900
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-10
    DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-10-1243-1248
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 6
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    Impact of a cellphone electromagnetic radiation on phagocytic activity of neutrophils in vitro
    Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman ; 2020
    In:  Hygiene and sanitation Vol. 99, No. 9 ( 2020-10-20), p. 925-929
    Details
    In: Hygiene and sanitation, Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman, Vol. 99, No. 9 ( 2020-10-20), p. 925-929
    Abstract: Introduction. The nature of a cellphone electromagnetic radiation (EMP) influence on the neutrophils in vitro activation was studied. The relevance of studying the impact of mobile communications and their effects on the body’s physiological processes is determined by the global prevalence of such tools and the research data inconsistency in the both domestic and foreign scientific literature. Material and methods. The object of the study was the whole venous blood samples and isolated neutrophils from 36 adult donors (aged from 22 to 65 years) of both genders. The responses of the neutrophils’ phagocytic activity and its registration were carried out in a flat-bottomed plate for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the daily culture of S. aureus ATCC 6538 (strain 209) was used as an inducer of phagocytosis. The intensity of phagocytosis was evaluated by changing the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) spectrophotometric method in our modification. Results. In the course of studies of the EMR impact of a cellphone on phagocytic neutrophils, the following was revealed: when culturing neutrophils without the addition of S. aureus, there was a tendency to increase spontaneous MPO activity (by 69%), i.e. its production in the absence of a stimulating factor and, conversely, a significant decrease in the enzyme activity induced by S. aureus (by 34%, p 〈 0.05), i.e. the phagocytic activity of neutrophils. Conclusion We revealed the biological effect of the cellphone EMR as an increase in the spontaneous activity of MPO and a decrease in the bacterially induced activity of the enzyme may indicate a decline in the phagocytic activity of the main cells of the immune system, therefore, it demonstrates a weakening of the protective properties of the human body against infectious diseases. In previous studies, we have shown the presence of the impact of cellphone EMR on the activation of lymphocytes in vitro. The use of immunological tests can be a promising direction in assessing the impact of the cellphone EMR on the human body.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2412-0650 , 0016-9900
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-9
    DOI: 10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-9-925-929
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 7
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    Hygienic regulation of the antiretroviral drug tenofovir in the air of the working area
    Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman ; 2022
    In:  Toxicological Review Vol. 30, No. 4 ( 2022-08-30), p. 248-254
    Details
    In: Toxicological Review, Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman, Vol. 30, No. 4 ( 2022-08-30), p. 248-254
    Abstract: Introduction. Tenofovir is an antiviral drug of the group of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors of retrovirus - human immunodeficiency virus. Material and methods. A toxicological and hygienic study of the toxicity and danger of tenofovir in laboratory animals (mice, rats, rabbits) was carried out with various routes of intake: orally (mice, rats), intraperitoneally (mice), cutaneous (mice, rabbits), inhalation (rats) for development and justification of indicative limit values of tenofovir in the air of the working area. Results. When injected into the stomach, tenofovir belongs to the 4th hazard class in terms of DL50 for mice and rats over 10,000 mg/kg (GOST 12.1.007-76). When injected into the abdominal cavity DL50 for male mice 1443 mg/kg (OECD toxicity class 5). Tenofovir has a moderate irritant effect on the mucous membranes of the eyes of rabbits, does not irritate the skin; does not have a skin-resorptive, cumulative and sensitizing effect. In a subacute experiment in rats with intragastric administration (1000 mg/kg, 28 days), tenofovir had a general toxic effect with a predominant impairment of kidney and liver function. Tenofovir Limac is set at 17.3 mg/m3 for effects on renal function. Limitations. When developing and substantiating hygienic standards for the anti-retroviral drug tenofovir in the air of the working area. Conclusion. The recommended indicative limit values for tenofovir disoproxil fumarate aerosol in the air of the working area is 0.1 mg/m3.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0869-7922
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.47470/0869-7922-2022-30-4
    DOI: 10.47470/0869-7922-2022-30-4-248-254
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 8
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    HYGIENIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDES IN SEDIMENTATION TESTS
    Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman ; 2019
    In:  Health Care of the Russian Federation Vol. 63, No. 3 ( 2019-10-07), p. 152-158
    Details
    In: Health Care of the Russian Federation, Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman, Vol. 63, No. 3 ( 2019-10-07), p. 152-158
    Abstract: Introduction. The use of pesticides creates the danger of contamination of the soil as a result of demolition outside the treatment area, which is assessed by comparing the actual pesticide content in the soil (mg/kg) with the maximum allowable / estimated allowable concentration (MAC/APC). Methods for the quantitative determination of pesticides in soil are labor-intensive; an alternative method for them may be an indirect method - determining the amount of drift to the soil using sedimentation samples (sedimentation - subsidence). The purpose of the study is a hygienic estimate of the amount of propiconazole deposited on the soil outside the cultivated area. The research objectives are to determine the content of propiconazole in the atmospheric air and on the soil outside the treatment area; to give a hygienic assessment of the amount of substance detected. Material and methods. Air samples were taken on aerosol paper filters, soil contamination was assessed using sedimentation samples by measuring the amount of substance deposited on the filters (about 40 cm2) in Petri dishes placed on the leeward side of the processing area. Results. Propiconazole was found in sedimentation samples at a level of 0.012-0.484 mg/m2 and was not identified in atmospheric air. Discussion. An algorithm is proposed for recalculating the results of measurements in filters for filters (mg/m2) for soil concentration (mg/kg), taking into account information on the mobility of the substance and the bulk density of the soil. It has been established: when using the drug in the form of an emulsion concentrate on field crops, the amount of propiconazole in demolitions on the soil can exceed the APC up to 10 times; the drug in the form of a nanoemulsion concentrate on garden crops ODC exceeded 17 times. The increased content of the substance in the soil is the reason for prohibiting the use of the drug using this technology. Conclusions. Sedimentation tests, being cumulative, confirm or refute the results of analytical control of atmospheric air, increasing the reliability of hygienic studies, further guaranteeing the safety of pesticide use for the population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2412-0723 , 0044-197X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18821/0044-197X-2019-63-3-152-158
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene F.F.Erisman
    Publication Date: 2019
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