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  • 1
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    Forma nervosa de listeriose em caprinos
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2006
    In:  Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2006-03), p. 14-20
    Details
    In: Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2006-03), p. 14-20
    Abstract: A neurologic disease was observed in three young adult goats (indentified as A-C) from a herd of 100 goats during October-December, 2004. Clinical signs included head tilt, torticollis, nystagmus, staggering, falls and eventually recumbency and paddling, with stiff limbs. Treatment of Goat C with antibiotics resulted in a temporary remission of the clinical signs. The clinical courses where 5, 10 and 30 days respectively for Goats A, B and C. Goat A died spontaneously and the other two where euthanatized in extremis. No gross changes were observed. Histologic lesions were predominantly unilateral, with inflammatory and degenerative changes, extending from the medulla oblongata to the thalamus. In all 3 cases there were perivascular cuffings of one or more types of mononuclear cells (lymphocytes, plasma cells, activated macrophages) and occasionally neutrophils associated with areas of malacia where Gitter cells filled spaces of parenchymal loss. Additionally, Goat B had microabscesses in the medulla, pons, and mesencephalon and multifocal neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltrates within the fascicles of the trigeminal nerve and in the cerebellar leptomeninges. In the brainstem of Goat C, there was multifocal granulomatous inflammation which included epithelioid macrophages and occasional multinucleated giant cells. Listeria sp antigen was detected by imunohistochemistry in routinely processed sections of mesencephalon from Goats A and C and of pons from Goat B.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-736X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2006000100004
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 2
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    Intoxicação em suínos pela ingestão de sementes de Aeschynomene indica (Leg.Papilionoideae)
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2005
    In:  Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2005-09), p. 135-142
    Details
    In: Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2005-09), p. 135-142
    Abstract: A spontaneous outbreak of a neurological disease in swine caused by the ingestion of Aeschynomene indica seeds and the reproduction of the disease in the same animal species are reported. The natural outbreak occurred in a pig-raising facility in the central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. On the premises there were 100 pigs (20 breeding sows and 80 young weaned pigs from several categories) that were fed a ration made by mixing 50% of corn bran, 25% of soybean bran, 5% of a commercial mix of vitamins and minerals, and 20% of broken rice contaminated with 40% of A. indica seeds. Although all pigs apparently ingested the same ration, only 45-day-old pigs were affected; morbidity, mortality and lethality rates were respectively 25%-40%, 8.5%-20%; and 25%-66%. Clinical signs appeared 24 hours after the beginning of feeding of A. indica seeds contaminated ration and included variable degrees of incoordinated gait, falls, sternal recumbency with the hind limbs in a wide base stance, lateral recumbency and death. It was not possible to ascertain how many pigs recovered nor the time frame of recovery. One pig was euthanatized and necropsied in the premises. The poisoning was reproduced in 5 young pigs (A-E) which were fed a ration containing 10% (Pig A), 15% (Pig B) and 20% (Pigs C-E) of A. indica seeds, and in one older pig (Pig F) which was fed a ration with 16.5% of A. indica seeds. Pigs A, B and F were euthanatized and Pigs C-E died of an acute disease respectively 16, 21 and 24 hours after the beginning of the experiment. Clinical signs were similar to those observed in pigs of the spontaneous outbreak. Necropsy findings included marked hyperemia of the encephalic leptomeninges of all pigs; there were large amounts of A. indica seeds in the stomach and reddening of the intestinal wall and bloody intestinal content in Pigs C-E. A hematoma was observed in the lungs of Pig C. The histopathological findings in the brain of pigs fed rations with larger concentrations (20%) of A. indica seeds (C-E) included congestion, edema and hemorrhage and swollen vascular endothelia with focal symmetrical distribution in several brain nuclei and in the telencephalic cortex. In Pigs A and B, and in Pig F, the case which received the lower dosage of the seeds of A. indica, and in the pig from the spontaneous outbreak, histopathological changes in the brain consisted of discrete focal symmetrical areas of malacia in which closely packed Gitter cells and astrocytosis, and capillaries with swollen endothelium obliterated the normal neuropil. The symmetrical malacic foci caused by the ingestion of A. indica seeds in swine affected cerebellar and vestibular nuclei, putamen, and the mesencephalic oculomotor and red nuclei. This indicates that the A. indica seeds ingestion was responsible for the neurological condition, that it may be fatal and seems to affect equally young and older swine. The clinical outcome and pathological changes were dose-dependent, and the brain lesions progressed from damaged blood vessels to vasogenic edema, hemorrhage and malacia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-736X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2005000300003
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 3
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    Biópsia hepática no diagnóstico da intoxicação por Senecio brasiliensis (Asteraceae) em bovinos
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2007
    In:  Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 2007-01), p. 53-60
    Details
    In: Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 27, No. 1 ( 2007-01), p. 53-60
    Abstract: Liver lesions caused by Senecio spp poisoning in cattle are progressive and deaths may occur many months after the plant is ingested. Laboratory tests of liver function are not always reliable indicators of subclinical affected animals. Liver biopsy could be useful to identify cattle with hepatic lesions but without clinical signs and would have also a prognostic value since it is generally believed that hepatic lesions will eventually cause liver failure and death. Such animals could be picked out by liver biopsy before clinical signs develop and be sent to slaughter, minimizing economic losses. This study was aimed to evaluate the liver biopsy as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in cases of Senecio spp. poisoning in cattle. An outbreak of Senecio brasiliensis was diagnosed in dairy calves which ingested hay contaminated by 5-10% of this Senecio species. Liver biopsy using a Menghini needle by right transthoracic approach was carried out in 135 calves that ingested the contaminated hay. Biopsed calves were followed up for 26 months after the biopsy. Seventeen biopsied calves had typical lesions of Senecio spp poisoning (positive calves) and 118 had histologically normal livers (negative calves). Hepatic lesions of positive calves included fibrosis, hepatomeglocytosis, and biliary hyperplasia. Fifteen out of the 17 positive calves died with typical clinical signs of Senecio spp poisoning within 17-149 days after the biopsy; 13 of those were necropsied and had typical gross and histopathological lesions of Senecio spp poisoning. Two positive calves were clinically normal at the end of the post-biopsy observation period. The prognostic value (sensibility) of the test was considered high since 88.23% of the positive calves died. The specificity of the test was considered very high (99.16%) since only one of the 118 negative calves died in the observation period. In none of the biopsed calves a negative effect related to the biopsy technique was observed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-736X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2007000100010
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 4
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    Epidemiologia, sinais clínicos e distribuição das lesões encefálicas em bovinos afetados por meningoencefalite por herpesvírus bovino-5
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2006
    In:  Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira Vol. 26, No. 2 ( 2006-06), p. 123-132
    Details
    In: Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 26, No. 2 ( 2006-06), p. 123-132
    Abstract: Seven outbreaks and an isolated case of meningoencephalitis caused by bovine herpesvirus-5 (BoHV-5) in cattle in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, occurring in 2002-2004, are described. From a total population at risk of 1,359 cattle, 54 1-18-month-old calves from both sexes and several breeds were affected and 50 died spontaneously or were euthanatized while moribund. The highest frequency of cases was in recently weaned calves or calves submitted to other stressing factors. General rates of morbidity, mortality and lethality were respectively 3.97, 3.67 and 92.59%. Clinical courses varied from 3-10 days and included depression, nasal and ocular discharge, grinding of teeth, circling, blindness, fever, nistagmus, trembling, anorexia, dysphagia, drooling, incoordination, head pressing, rough hair coat, tachycardia, tachypnea, abdominal pain, melena, falls, recumbency, opisthotonus, convulsions and paddling. Nineteen calves were necropsied. Necropsy findings were characterized by hyperemia of leptomeninges, swollen rostral portions of the telencephalon, and flattening of frontal lobes gyri; frequently in these frontal areas there were segmental brown-yellow discoloration and softening (malacia) of the cortex. In cases with more protracted clinical courses there were extensive swelling, softening and hemorrhaging of the telencephalic frontal lobes. Microscopically, all affected cattle had a necrotizing non-suppurative meningoencephalitis with variable distribution among the 19 cases and among the various telencephalic regions of the same case. The severity of these changes were more marked, in decreasing order of intensity, in the telencephalic frontal cortex, basal ganglia (nuclei), thalamus, brain stem, parietal telencephalic cortex, occipital telencephalic cortex and cerebellum. Perivascular inflammatory infiltrate consisted predominantly of lymphocytes, plasm cells, and less frequently of neutrophils. Additional microscopic findings included variable degrees of gliosis, edema, neuronal necrosis in the telencephalic cortex characterized by shrinking and eosinophilia of perikaria and nuclear picnosis (red neuron); basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in astrocytes and neurons (21.05% of the cases); sattelitosis; and neuronophagia. The areas of softening in the cortical substance consisted of necrosis of the neuroctodermal elements with maintenance of mesenchymal structures (vessels and microglia), infiltrate of Gitter cells, and, in more severe cases, extensive hemorrhages. In chronic cases, only vascular structures and a few Gitter cells remained in the cortical area leaving a cavity between white matter and leptomeninges (residual lesion).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-736X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2006000200010
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 5
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    Intoxicação por Solanum fastigiatum (Solanaceae) em bovinos: epidemiologia, sinais clínicos e morfometria das lesões cerebelares
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2006
    In:  Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira Vol. 26, No. 3 ( 2006-09), p. 183-189
    Details
    In: Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 26, No. 3 ( 2006-09), p. 183-189
    Abstract: Nineteen cases of Solanum fastigiatum (Solanaceae) poisoning in cattle from three municipalites in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, occurring from 2003 to 2005, are described. Morbidity and mortality rates were respectively 6.7% and 3.4%. Average age of affected cattle was five-year-old (2 to 8-year-old) and duration of clinical courses was 3-18 months. Clinical signs observed in all affected cattle were cerebellar deficits characterized by hypermetry, incoordination, falls, muscle tremors, transitory seizures and wide base stance. One affected bovine had encephalic traumatic subdural hemorrhage and another had gross atrophy of the cerebellum. Histologically, lesions were restricted to the cerebellum and consisted of partial or complete vacuolation of the perikaria of Purkinje neurons with occasional axonal spheroids in the granular cell layer and in the white matter of the cerebellum. In advanced cases there were extensive loss of cerebellar Purkinje neurons and proliferation of the Bergmann's glia. The morphometric evaluation of the numbers of Purkinje neurons and of the thickness of the cerebellar molecular layer indicated decreased numbers of Purkinje neurons with consequent decrease in the molecular layer thickness.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-736X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2006000300010
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 6
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    Caracterização clinicopatológica da mamilite aguda em ovelhas lactantes infectadas experimentalmente com o herpesvírus bovino 2
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2008
    In:  Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2008-01), p. 87-94
    Details
    In: Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2008-01), p. 87-94
    Abstract: Mammillitis caused by bovine herpesvirus type 2 (BoHV-2) is an important disease in dairy herds yet its pathogenesis remains largely unknown. This report describes the reproduction and characterization of acute mammillitis in lactating ewes inoculated with BoHV-2 in the skin of the udder and teats. Five out of eight inoculated ewes developed large plaques, with focal necrosis, small vesicles and crust formation in the inoculated areas. The lesions were first observed on day 4 post-inoculation (pi), progressed in size and severity up to days 7-8pi and subsided progressively thereafter. Infectious virus was isolated from the lesions at days 7 and 8pi. Viral antigens and herpesvirus-like particles were demonstrated by electron microscopy in lesions examined at days 5, 6 and 10pi. Histological findings included epithelial necrosis, erosions and ulcers, and formation of syncytial cells. Intranuclear inclusions bodies in epithelial, syncytial and inflammatory cells and lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis were also observed. In a second experiment, seven out of ten lambs inoculated into the nostrils and muzzle developed nasal hyperemia and discharge, vesicles, and erosions in the nose. Infectious virus was isolated from lesions during up to three days and all lambs seroconverted to BoHV-2. Attempts to reactivate the latent infection by dexamethasone administration on day 40pi failed, since virus shedding, clinical recrudescence or seroconversion were not observed. The reproduction of acute infection and mammillitis resembling that occurring in cattle paves the way for the use of sheep to study several aspects of the biology of BoHV-2 infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-736X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2008000100014
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 7
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    Achados de necropsia relacionados com a morte de 335 eqüinos: 1968-2007
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2009
    In:  Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira Vol. 29, No. 3 ( 2009-03), p. 275-280
    Details
    In: Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 29, No. 3 ( 2009-03), p. 275-280
    Abstract: The necropsy reports of 335 horses necropsied at the LPV-UFSM between 1968-2007 were reviewed in order to determine the necropsy findings related with cause of death or reason for euthanasia. The distribution of these findings by organ system were as follows: digestive (79/335 [23.6%]), striated muscle and skeleton (47/335 [14.0%] ), nervous (37/335 [11.0%]), respiratory (35/335 [10.4%] ), integument (31/335 [9.3%]), hematopoietic (24/335 [7.2%] ), cardiovascular (13/335 [3.9%]), reproductive (12/335 [3.5%] ), urinary (7/335 [2.1%]), and endocrine (3/335 [0.9%] ). The cause of death was not possible to be determined in 47 (14.0%) necropsied horses. Displacements of the intestines (17/79 [21.5%]) were the main findings in digestive system, followed by obstruction and impactation (14/79 [17.7%] ). Torsion were the type of displacement more frequently observed in the intestines (14/17 [82.4%]). Among those the more prevalent affected the small intestine (7/14 [50%] ). Most horses dying from fractured bones were 1-5-year-old. The most prevalent diseases in the nervous system were leukoencephalo-malacia and trypanosomiasis, whereas respiratory depression due to anesthesia was the leading cause of death related to the respiratory system. Equine infectious anemia was the most diagnosed infectious disease and the main reason leading to euthanasia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-736X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2009000300015
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 8
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    Intoxicação espontânea por Baccharis coridifolia em bovinos
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2005
    In:  Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira Vol. 25, No. 2 ( 2005-06), p. 111-114
    Details
    In: Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 25, No. 2 ( 2005-06), p. 111-114
    Abstract: Two outbreaks of Baccharis coridifolia poisoning in cattle in southern Brazil are described. Cases occurred when stressed, hungry and thirsty cattle brought from pastures free of B. coridifolia were placed into pastures heavily infested by this poisonous plant. In the two outbreaks morbidity was 21.73% and 22.51% and lethality was virtually 100%. Clinical signs included mild bloat, instability of hind limbs, muscle tremors, dry muzzle, dry feces or diarrhea, polydipsia and restlessness. Consistent necropsy findings included dehydration, large amounts of ruminal fluid, reddening and erosions of the mucosae of the forestomachs. Degeneration and necrosis of the lining epithelium of the forestomachs and of lymphoid tissue were the main histopathological changes encountered.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-736X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2005000200008
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 9
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    Meningoencefalite por herpesvírus bovino-5
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2007
    In:  Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira Vol. 27, No. 7 ( 2007-07), p. 251-260
    Details
    In: Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 27, No. 7 ( 2007-07), p. 251-260
    Abstract: Meningoencephalitis caused by bovine herpesvirus-5 (BoHV-5) is an often fatal, acute or subacute infectious disease that affects mainly young cattle under stressing conditions. The disease has been recognized in several Brazilian regions and in other parts of the world. BoHV-5 is a double stranded DNA virus member of the Herpesviridae family and subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae. The virus is characterized by rapid and lytic replication in cell cultures and by the ability to establish lifelong latent infection in sensory nerve ganglia of the host. BoHV-5 is transmitted mainly by direct and indirect contact and replicates acutely in the oral, nasal, oropharingeal or ocular mucosae. After primary replication, the virus invades nerve endings and is transported to the neuron cell bodies of the sensory ganglia where it replicates actively and/or establishes latency. Viral invasion of the brain may result in massive virus replication and production of neurological disease. Virtually all cattle developing neurological disease die of meningoencephalitis; yet the infection may be subclinical in some animals. These animals recover and become latently infected. Viral dissemination within a herd is facilitated by conditions such as crowding, introduction of cattle from other herds and weaning of calves in ages that coincide with decrease of passive immunity. Certain natural or induced conditions may reactivate the latent virus and favor its transmission and dissemination to other susceptible individuals. The disease may occur as outbreaks or as sporadic cases, with morbidity rates ranging of 0.05%-5%; lethality is almost always 100%. Clinical signs include depression, nasal and ocular discharge, grinding of teeth, circling, blindness, fever, paddling movements, disphagia, abdominal pain, nystagmus, muscle tremors, drooling, incoordinated gait, opisthotonus, head pressing, falls and convulsions. Clinical course is usually 1-15 days. Necropsy findings may be absent but often there is swollen of the rostral portions of the cerebral cortex and flattening of gyri, with softening and segmental yellow discoloration (malacia). As the disease progresses the affected areas become gelatinous and grey and, in advanced cases, there is segmental loss of the cerebral cortex of the frontal lobe of the brain (residual lesion). In several cases there is malacia of the basal nuclei and of the thalamus. Histologically, there is necrotizing non-suppurative meningoencephalitis affecting mainly the cerebral cortex of the frontal lobe associated with eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in neurons and astrocytes, although the frequency of the inclusion bodies is inconsistent. The diagnosis of meningoencephalitis by BoHV-5 should be based on epidemiology, clinical signs, necropsy and histological findings. The diagnosis should be confirmed by viral isolation in cell culture and/or by detection of viral antigens in brain sections or in exfoliated cells from nasal secretions. The identification and characterization of BoHV-5 can be done by the use of mono clonal antibodies, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or by restriction enzyme analysis of the viral genome. There is no specific treatment for the disease. As BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 are antigenically related, vaccination using BoHV-1 vaccines may be recommended as a means of reducing the losses caused by BoHV-5 infection, mainly during outbreaks of neurologic disease. Additionally, measures such as serologic testing of new additions to the herd; and management practices to prevent stress and to reduce conditions for virus dissemination among animals may help in reducing the incidence and the consequences of BoHV-5 infection and disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-736X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2007000700001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2007
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  • 10
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    Histomorfologia do gânglio de Gasser, da rete mirabile carotídea e da hipófise de bovinos: estudo de 199 casos
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2006
    In:  Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira Vol. 26, No. 2 ( 2006-06), p. 105-111
    Details
    In: Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 26, No. 2 ( 2006-06), p. 105-111
    Abstract: The complex of heterogenous tissues formed by the Gasserian ganglia, carotid rete mirabile and pituitary gland (GRH) from 199 cattle were grossly and histologically evaluated. Twenty one of the GRH were from comfirmed cases of rabies, 19 were diagnosed as cases of meningoencephalitis caused by bovine herpesvirus-5 (BoHV-5), 11 were confirmed cases of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), 7 had pituitary abscesses, 17 had lesions of hepatic encephalopathy (status spongiosus) attributable to chronic liver failure due to Senecio sp poisoning; and the remaining 124 GRH were from cattle which did not present neurological signs and died or were euthanatized due to various causes. No significant histologic changes were observed in the GRH from the 124 cattle which did not present neurological signs, in the GRH of the 17 cattle that had hepatic encephalopathy neither in the GRH of the 19 cattle diagnosed with BoHV-5 meningoencephalitis. Inflammatory changes were found in the Gasserian ganglia of 20 out of 21 cases of rabies and consisted of proliferation of sattelite cells, glial nodules and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate; degenerative changes included central chromatolysis, neuronal vacuolation, and neuronal death with neuronophagia. Characteristic eosinophilic intracytoplasmatic inclusion (Negri) bodies were found in 19 out of 21 cases of rabies, neuritis of the fifth nerve in 11, and neurohypophysitis in 4 cases. The GRH from nine of the eleven cases of MCF had characteristic necrotizing arteritis affecting the arteries of the carotid rete mirabile. In seven cases pituitary abscesses were found; they were characterized by large aggregates of neutrophils admixed with cellular debris and surrounded by mononuclear cells and were walled by a fibrous capsule. Several incidental findings were observed equally in the 199 histologically examined GRH and consequently were non specific for any disease entity. These include cysts in the pituitary cleft, fibrin and neutrophilic aggregates in the cavernous sinus of the carotid rete mirabile, mildly increased numbers of sattelite cells around neurons of the Gasserian ganglia and occasional neuronal vacuolation and lipofuscinosis. It was concluded that the histological examination of the GRH is an important and reliable tool in the diagnosis of the main forms of encephalitis occurring in cattle in Brazil.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0100-736X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2006000200008
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2006
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