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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Human leukocyte antigen class II variants and adult-onset asthma: does occupational allergen exposure play a role?
    European Respiratory Society (ERS) ; 2014
    In:  European Respiratory Journal Vol. 44, No. 5 ( 2014-11), p. 1234-1242
    Details
    In: European Respiratory Journal, European Respiratory Society (ERS), Vol. 44, No. 5 ( 2014-11), p. 1234-1242
    Abstract: Recently, a locus centred on rs9273349 in the HLA-DQ region emerged from genome-wide association studies of adult-onset asthma. We aimed to further investigate the role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II in adult-onset asthma and a possible interaction with occupational exposures. We imputed classical HLA-II alleles from 7579 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 6025 subjects (1202 with adult-onset asthma) from European cohorts: ECRHS, SAPALDIA, EGEA and B58C, and from surveys of bakers and agricultural workers. Based on an asthma-specific job–exposure matrix, 2629 subjects had ever been exposed to high molecular weight (HMW) allergens. We explored associations between 23 common HLA-II alleles and adult-onset asthma, and tested for gene–environment interaction with occupational exposure to HMW allergens. Interaction was also tested for rs9273349. Marginal associations of classical HLA-II alleles and adult-onset asthma were not statistically significant. Interaction was detected between the DPB1*03:01 allele and exposure to HMW allergens (p = 0.009), in particular to latex (p = 0.01). In the unexposed group, the DPB1*03:01 allele was associated with adult-onset asthma (OR 0.67, 95%CI 0.53–0.86). HMW allergen exposures did not modify the association of rs9273349 with adult-onset asthma. Common classical HLA-II alleles were not marginally associated with adult-onset asthma. The association of latex exposure and adult-onset asthma may be modified by DPB1*03:01 .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0903-1936 , 1399-3003
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00068014
    Language: English
    Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834928-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499101-9
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  • 2
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    Trends in worldwide asthma prevalence
    European Respiratory Society (ERS) ; 2020
    In:  European Respiratory Journal Vol. 56, No. 6 ( 2020-12), p. 2002094-
    Details
    In: European Respiratory Journal, European Respiratory Society (ERS), Vol. 56, No. 6 ( 2020-12), p. 2002094-
    Abstract: This review of trends in worldwide asthma prevalence starts with defining how asthma prevalence is measured in populations and how it is analysed. Four population studies of asthma across at least two regions are described: European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS), the International Study of Wheezing in Infants (EISL), the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) and the World Health Survey (WHS). Two of these (ISAAC and WHS) covered all the regions of the world; each using its own standardised questionnaire-based methodology with cross-sectional study design, suitable for large populations. EISL (2005 and 2012) and ISAAC (1996–1997 and 2002–2003) have undertaken a second cross-sectional population survey from which trends are available: EISL in three centres in two countries; ISAAC 106 centres in 56 countries (13–14 year olds) and 66 centres in 37 countries (6–7 year olds). Key results from these studies are presented. Unfortunately, there is no new worldwide data outside of EISL since 2003. Global Burden of Disease estimates of asthma prevalence have varied greatly. Recent reliable worldwide data on asthma prevalence and trends is needed; the Global Asthma Network Phase I will provide this in 2021.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0903-1936 , 1399-3003
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02094-2020
    DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02094-2020.Shareable1
    Language: English
    Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834928-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499101-9
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    The burden of asthma, hay fever and eczema in children in 25 countries: GAN Phase I study
    European Respiratory Society (ERS) ; 2022
    In:  European Respiratory Journal Vol. 60, No. 3 ( 2022-09), p. 2102866-
    Details
    In: European Respiratory Journal, European Respiratory Society (ERS), Vol. 60, No. 3 ( 2022-09), p. 2102866-
    Abstract: There have been no worldwide standardised surveys of prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in school children for 15 years. The present study aims to provide this information. Methods Following the exact International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) methodology (cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey), Global Asthma Network (GAN) Phase I was carried out between 2015 and 2020 in many centres worldwide. Results The study included 157 784 adolescents (13–14 years of age) in 63 centres in 25 countries and 101 777 children (6–7 years of age) in 44 centres in 16 countries. The current prevalence of symptoms, respectively, was 11.0% and 9.1% for asthma, 13.3% and 7.7% for rhinoconjunctivitis and 6.4% and 5.9% for eczema. The prevalence of asthma ever was 10.5% and 7.6%, hay fever ever was 15.2% and 11.1% and eczema ever was 10.6% and 13.4%, respectively. Centres in low or lower middle gross national income countries (LICs or LMICs) had significantly lower prevalence of the three disease symptoms and diagnoses (except for hay fever). In children, the prevalence of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms was higher in boys, while the reverse occurred among adolescents. For eczema, while the prevalence among female adolescents was double that of males, there was no sex difference among children. Centre accounted for non-negligible variability in all disease symptoms (10–20%). Conclusion The burdens of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema vary widely among the limited number of countries studied. Although symptom prevalence is lower in LICs and LMICs, it represents a considerable burden everywhere studied.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0903-1936 , 1399-3003
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02866-2021
    DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02866-2021.Supp1
    DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02866-2021.Shareable1
    Language: English
    Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834928-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499101-9
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    The burden of asthma, hay fever and eczema in adults in 17 countries: GAN Phase I study
    European Respiratory Society (ERS) ; 2022
    In:  European Respiratory Journal Vol. 60, No. 3 ( 2022-09), p. 2102865-
    Details
    In: European Respiratory Journal, European Respiratory Society (ERS), Vol. 60, No. 3 ( 2022-09), p. 2102865-
    Abstract: Asthma, hay fever and eczema are three common chronic conditions. There have been no recent multi-country data on the burden of these three conditions in adults; the aims of this study are to fill this evidence gap. Methods The Global Asthma Network Phase I is a multi-country cross-sectional population-based study using the same core methodology as the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase III. It provides data on the burden of asthma, hay fever and eczema in children and adolescents, and, for the first time, in their parents/guardians. Results Data were available from 193 912 adults (104 061 female; mean± sd age 38±7.5 years) in 43 centres in 17 countries. The overall prevalence (range) of symptoms was 6.6% (0.9–32.7%) for current wheeze, 4.4% (0.9–29.0%) for asthma ever, 14.4% (2.8–45.7%) for hay fever ever and 9.9% (1.6–29.5%) for eczema ever. Centre prevalence varied considerably both between countries and within countries. There was a moderate correlation between hay fever ever and asthma ever, and between eczema ever and hay fever ever at the centre level. There were moderate to strong correlations between indicators of the burden of disease reported in adults and the two younger age groups. Conclusion We found evidence for a substantial burden of asthma, hay fever ever and eczema ever in the countries examined, highlighting the major public health importance of these diseases. Prevention strategies and equitable access to effective and affordable treatments for these three conditions would help mitigate the avoidable morbidity they cause.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0903-1936 , 1399-3003
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02865-2021
    DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02865-2021.Supp1
    DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02865-2021.Shareable1
    Language: English
    Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834928-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499101-9
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    The Global Asthma Network rationale and methods for Phase I global surveillance: prevalence, severity, management and risk factors
    European Respiratory Society (ERS) ; 2017
    In:  European Respiratory Journal Vol. 49, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 1601605-
    Details
    In: European Respiratory Journal, European Respiratory Society (ERS), Vol. 49, No. 1 ( 2017-01), p. 1601605-
    Abstract: The Global Asthma Network (GAN), established in 2012, followed the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). ISAAC Phase One involved over 700 000 adolescents and children from 156 centres in 56 countries; it found marked worldwide variation in symptom prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema that was not explained by the current understanding of these diseases; ISAAC Phase Three involved over 1 187 496 adolescents and children (237 centres in 98 countries). It found that asthma symptom prevalence was increasing in many locations especially in low- and middle-income countries where severity was also high, and identified several environmental factors that required further investigation. GAN Phase I, described in this article, builds on the ISAAC findings by collecting further information on asthma, rhinitis and eczema prevalence, severity, diagnoses, asthma emergency room visits, hospital admissions, management and use of asthma essential medicines. The subjects will be the same age groups as ISAAC, and their parents. In this first global monitoring of asthma in children and adults since 2003, further evidence will be obtained to understand asthma, management practices and risk factors, leading to further recognition that asthma is an important non-communicable disease and to reduce its global burden.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0903-1936 , 1399-3003
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01605-2016
    DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01605-2016.Supp1
    Language: English
    Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834928-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499101-9
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Lower lung function associates with cessation of menstruation: UK Biobank data
    European Respiratory Society (ERS) ; 2016
    In:  European Respiratory Journal Vol. 48, No. 5 ( 2016-11), p. 1288-1297
    Details
    In: European Respiratory Journal, European Respiratory Society (ERS), Vol. 48, No. 5 ( 2016-11), p. 1288-1297
    Abstract: Little is known about the effect of cessation of menstruation on lung function. The aims of the study were to examine the association of lung function with natural and surgical cessation of menstruation, and assess whether lower lung function is associated with earlier age at cessation of menstruation. The study was performed in 141 076 women from the UK Biobank, who had provided acceptable and reproducible spirometry measurements and information on menstrual status. The associations of lung function (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ), spirometric restriction (FVC  〈  lower limit of normal (LLN)), airflow obstruction (FEV 1 /FVC 〈 LLN)) with cessation of menstruation and age at cessation of menstruation were assessed using regression analysis. Women who had natural cessation of menstruation showed a lower FVC (−42 mL; 95% CI −53– −30) and FEV 1 (−34 mL; 95% CI −43– −24) and higher risk of spirometric restriction (adjusted odds ratio 1.27; 95% CI 1.18–1.37) than women still menstruating. These associations were stronger in women who had had a hysterectomy and/or oophorectomy. The earlier the natural cessation of menstruation, the lower the lung function. There was no clear association of lung function with age at hysterectomy and/or oophorectomy. Airflow obstruction was not associated with cessation of menstruation. Lower lung function associates with cessation of menstruation, especially if it occurs early in life.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0903-1936 , 1399-3003
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00412-2016
    Language: English
    Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834928-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499101-9
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