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  • 1
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    Clues of Post-seismic Relaxation for the 1915 Fucino Earthquake (Central Italy) from Modeling of Leveling Data (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 1915 Fucino earthquake (Ms=6.9) was one of the largest and most destructive events in Italy during the last century. The epicentral area is centered in the Abruzzi region (Central Italy), where a long historical record of large earthquakes is available. Seismotectonic studies on this region, based on instrumental seismicity (focal mechanism solutions of major events and stress analysis of background seismicity), borehole break-out studies and several geological and paleoseismological investigations, suggest NE-SW oriented active extension. The 1915 earthquake fault produced detectable surface ruptures for about 20 km along NW-SE striking SW-dipping structures. Coseismic geodetic data recorded in the epicentral area have been inverted in the past (Amoruso et al. 1998 and references therein), indicating a source fault dipping at moderate angle toward SW and a normal focal mechanism, with a non-negligible left-lateral component. Three high precision leveling lines located in a wide sector north and east of the Fucino plain were measured in 1950 and 1997-2000 by the IGM (Istituto Geografico Militare). Two consecutive lines run in a NW-SE direction along the chain, and form a "T-shape" net together with a third line SW-NE striking, towards the Adriatic sea. The total length is about 360 km with a mean benchmark density higher than 0.5 bm/km. The relative elevation changes recorded during this time interval show maximum values between 7 and 12 cm with a signal wavelength of 40-70 km. The observed elevation changes stand significantly above the calculated total error of 1.13 mm sqrt(L) km. A sharp gradient has been observed east of the earthquake epicenter, where we observe peculiar elevation changes along a 40 km long section of the leveling line. The observed elevation changes in Fucino earthquake area seem to comprise both regional tectonic deformation and post-seismic relaxation. The former and the latter effects are expected to dominate along sections of the leveling lines which are respectively about perpendicular and parallel to the Apennines. Since we compare measurements performed in 1950 and 1997-2000, relaxation effects refer to a late stage of the process. We have used Pollitz (1997) code for computing gravitational-viscoelastic postseismic relaxation on a layered spherical Earth. Different Earth models, characterized by different thicknesses and viscosities of crustal layers and of the upper mantle, have been considered. Even if S/N ratio of expected post-seismic effects is not high, comparison between predictions and observations allows to constrain regional crustal structure. Best-fit seismic moment is in good agreement with Amoruso et al. (1998) and residuals are fully consistent with expected regional tectonic deformation in central Apennines.
    Description: Published
    Description: San Francisco, USA
    Description: open
    Keywords: postseismic ; 1915 Fucino earthquake ; levelling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 2
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    Tsunamis in the Mediterranean Sea (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: The Mediterranean area has been inhabited since long time and the development of human settlements along its coastlines allowed to “record” the occurrence of natural disasters as tsunamis in different coastal settings. Nowadays, the same coastal areas host large cities and critical infrastructures and the availability of historical and geological data on the tsunamis of the past, on their characteristics and effects can significantly contribute to the development of adequate mitigation measures, defense actions and better awareness of people living along the coastlines. The knowledge of past tsunamis is one of the keys to better forecast future events: our territory is a natural laboratory where past natural events can replicate in the future with with similar characteristics. All the coastlines may be considered as the geological and geomorphological archive of past inundations. In the Mediterranean area, valuable historical evidence of past tsunamis and several paleotsunami traces exist, these were recently well organized in homogeneous and coherent geographical databases; these represent the core of this manuscript. This type of information, recently improved and enriched, allows to increase the knowledge of tsunami histories of the Mediterranean sites most prone to tsunamis, providing information on the intensity and frequency of past events.
    Description: Published
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Tsunami, Mediterranean Sea, Historical record, Paleotsunami deposit, Tsunami hazard, Euro-Mediterranean Tsunami Catalogue, Italian Tsunami Effects Database, Paleotsunami Deposits database ; Tsunami in the Mediterranean
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    The Mediterranean Sea and the Gulf of Cadiz as a natural laboratory for paleotsunami research: Recent advancements (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-23
    Description: After the 2004 Indian Ocean (IOT) and the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunamis, new research in tsunami-related fields was strongly stimulated worldwide and also in the Mediterranean. This research growth yields substantial advancements in tsunami knowledge. Among these advancements is the “Paleotsunami” research that has marked particular progress on the reconstruction of the tsunami history of a region. As an integration of the historical documentation available in the Mediterranean and the Gulf of Cadiz areas, geological and geoarchaeological records provide the insights to define the occurrence, characteristics, and impact of tsunamis of the past. Here, we present the recent advancements done for both the onshore and offshore realms. As for the onshore, we discuss case studies dealing with recent high-resolution works based on: a) direct push in situ sensing techniques, applied to identification and characterization of typical paleotsunami deposits features; b) combined XRF- X-CT approach, implemented for the identification of fine-scale sedimentary structures useful for the definition of the causative flow dynamics; c) the geoarchaeological “new field” contribution, with the development of specific diagnostic criteria in search for tsunami impact traces in archaeological strata; d) comparison of multiple dating methods and of different modeling codes for the definition of the potential source for the displacement of boulders of exceptional dimension, identified by 3D size calculation. As for the offshore advancements, we present case studies focusing on the recognition of tsunami deposits and their sedimentary traces in the geological record from the nearshore, thanks to diver-operated coring equipment, down to the continental slope, by means of vibracorer and long gravity core sampling in deeper areas. The examples provided show a multiproxy approach with a high potential of retrieving a complete record of paleotsunami traces at least during the Holocene. This is based on the combination of multidisciplinary approaches including X-ray imaging, high-resolution measurement of physical properties, X- ray fluorescence data, grain-size analysis, micropaleontology, palynological content, isotopic and optically stimulated luminescence dating methods.
    Description: Published
    Description: 103578
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Paleotsunami deposits ; Mediterranean Sea ; High-resolution studies ; Archeology ; backwash wave ; Geology ; tsunami ; paleotsunami deposits ; Mediterranean Sea
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    High-resolution geophysical investigations in the central Apennines seismic belt (Italy): Results from the Campo Felice tectonic basin (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The Campo Felice basin, in the central Apennines seismic belt (Italy), developed in the hangingwall of a 30 km-long system of NW-trending normal faults with Holocene paleoseismic activity and potential sources of M 6–7 earthquakes. We provide the first subsurface images of a key portion of the basin bounded by the Mt. Cefalone fault along two intersecting profiles trending NNE-SSW (CF-Dip, 1195 m-long) and WNW-ESE (CF-Strike, 1315-m long). We combined high-resolution depth-migrated reflection sections with P-wave velocity and electrical resistivity tomography models. CF-Dip profile displays a wedge-like syn-tectonic sedimentary sequence of alluvial and glacial deposits with Vp ∼ 2500–3000 m/s and resistivity 〉 500 Ωm in the hangingwall of Mt. Cefalone fault, overlying a high-Vp (〉4000 m/s) limestone bedrock ∼ 300 m deep. The whole sequence displays reflectors truncated by the Mt. Cefalone fault zone and subsidiary antithetic faults. CF-Strike profile, tied to three 80–110 m-deep boreholes, shows a thick fluvio-lacustrine sequence with low-Vp (〈2000 m/s) and low resistivity (〈100 Ωm), and a bedrock that deepens to the southeast (〉450 m). Single-station ambient noise measurements display Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratios with peaks at ∼1 Hz, decreasing to ∼0.8 Hz to the southeast in agreement with the bedrock deepening indicated by seismic profiling. According to our results, the Campo Felice basin is a deep asymmetric half-graben controlled by faulting whose activity likely started before the Middle Pleistocene. Our minimum displacement estimate accrued in the past 0.5 Ma by the Mt. Cefalone fault is in the range of ∼100–250 m.
    Description: Published
    Description: 230170
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Holocene palaeoenvironmental and human settlement evolution in the southern margin of the Salpi lagoon, Tavoliere coastal plain (Apulia, Southern Italy) (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: This study aims to understand the relationship between the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the southern margin of the Salpi lagoon (Tavoliere coastal plain, Apulia, Italy) and the development of settlements on its shores during the last part of the Holocene (Late Northgrippian to Late Meghalayan) to complement recent archaeological investigations at the site of pre-Roman Salpia Vetus, Roman Salapia and Medieval Salpi. Micropalaeontological, palynological, and sedimentological analyses were conducted on a total of ten drilled cores, revealing local and regional events. Facies and micropalaeontological analyses show that the lagoon was partially connected to the sea between 6.2 ka BP and 3.1 ka BP. Between 3.1 ka BP and 2.4 ka BP, the area was characterised by marshes and swamps with restricted brackish lagoon conditions and permanent freshwater input. After 2.4 ka BP, the continuous freshwater influx from the major rivers of the coastal plain determined the progradation of the floodplain and the closure of the lagoon, with the formation of the two coastal lakes of Lago Salso (north) and Lago Salpi (south). Pollen data show the expansion of halophytic herbs under local brackish conditions during the Early Meghalayan and the continuous spread of dryland herbs consistent with the closure of the basin. The alluvial plain progradation during the Late Meghalayan allowed the intensive exploitation of the area and the development of a highly anthropogenic landscape. The development of the settlements of pre-Roman Salpia Vetus, Roman Salapia, and Medieval Salpi was mainly determined by the insalubrious condition of the surrounding marshes, due to the reduction in water depth and oscillations in salinity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 37-54
    Description: 5A. Ricerche polari e paleoclima
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Holocene ; Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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