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  • 1
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    Goldfish brain and heart are well protected from Ni2+-induced oxidative stress (2014)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
    In:  EPIC3Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-Toxicology & Pharmacology, ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 162, pp. 43-50, ISSN: 1532-0456
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-25
    Description: After 96 h goldfish exposure to 10, 25 or 50 mg/L of Ni2 + no Ni accumulation was found in the brain, but lipid peroxide concentration was by 44% elevated in the brain, whereas carbonyl protein content was by 45–45% decreased in the heart. High molecular mass thiol concentration was enhanced by 30% in the heart, while in the brain low molecular mass thiol concentration increased by 28–88%. Superoxide dismutase activity was by 27% and 35% increased in the brain and heart, respectively. Glutathione peroxidase activity was lowered to 38% and 62% of control values in both tissues, whereas catalase activity was increased in the heart by 15–45%, accompanied by 18–29% decreased glutathione reductase activity. The disturbances of free radical processes in the brain and heart might result from Ni-induced injuries to other organs with more prominent changes in the heart, because of close contact of this organ with blood, whereas the blood–brain barrier seems to protect the brain.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    The mitochondrial genome of Arctica islandica; Phylogeny and Variation (2013)
    PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
    In:  EPIC3PLoS ONE, PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 8(12), pp. e82857, ISSN: 1932-6203
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-08
    Description: Arctica islandica is known as the longest-lived non-colonial metazoan species on earth and is therefore increasingly being investigated as a new model in aging research. As the mitochondrial genome is associated with the process of aging in many species and bivalves are known to possess a peculiar mechanism of mitochondrial genome inheritance including doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI), we aimed to assess the genomic variability of the A. islandica mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of A. islandica specimens from three different sites in the Western Palaearctic (Iceland, North Sea, Baltic Sea). We found the A. islandica mtDNA to fall within the normal size range (18 kb) and exhibit similar coding capacity as other animal mtDNAs. The concatenated protein sequences of all currently known Veneroidea mtDNAs were used to robustly place A. islandica in a phylogenetic framework. Analysis of the observed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) patterns on further specimen revealed two prevailing haplotypes. Populations in the Baltic and the North Sea are very homogenous, whereas the Icelandic population, from which exceptionally old individuals have been collected, is the most diverse one. Homogeneity in Baltic and North Sea populations point to either stronger environmental constraints or more recent colonization of the habitat. We also detected potential signs of recombination between these two haplotypes. Our analysis lays the foundation for further studies on A. islandica population structures, age research with this organism, and for phylogenetic studies. Accessions for the mitochondrial genome sequences: KC197241Iceland KF363951Baltic Sea KF363952North Sea
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    The proteasomes of two marine decapod crustaceans, European lobster (Homarus gammarus) and Edible crab (Cancer pagurus), are differently impaired by heavy metals (2014)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
    In:  EPIC3Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-Toxicology & Pharmacology, ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 162, pp. 62-69, ISSN: 1532-0456
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-28
    Description: The intracellular ubiquitin-proteasome system is a key regulator of cellular processes involved in the controlled degradation of short-living or malfunctioning proteins. Certain diseases and cellular dysfunctions are known to arise from the disruption of proteasome pathways. Trace metals are recognized stressors of the proteasome system in vertebrates and plants, but their effects on the proteasome of invertebrates are not well understood. Since marine invertebrates, and particularly benthic crustaceans, can be exposed to high metal levels, we studied the effects of in vitro exposure to Hg2 +, Zn2 +, Cu2 +, and Cd2 + on the activities of the proteasome from the claw muscles of lobsters (Homarus gammarus) and crabs (Cancer pagurus). The chymotrypsin like activity of the proteasome of these two species showed different sensitivity to metals. In lobsters the activity was significantly inhibited by all metals to a similar extent. In crabs the activities were severely suppressed only by Hg2 + and Cu2 + while Zn2 + had only a moderate effect and Cd2 + caused almost no inhibition of the crab proteasome. This indicates that the proteasomes of both species possess structural characteristics that determine different susceptibility to metals. Consequently, the proteasome-mediated protein degradation in crab C. pagurus may be less affected by metal pollution than that of the lobster H. gammarus.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    Nitric oxide mediates metabolic functions in the bivalve Arctica islandica under hypoxia (2020)
    PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
    In:  EPIC3PLoS ONE, PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 15(5), pp. e0232360, ISSN: 1932-6203
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-19
    Description: The free radical nitric oxide (NO) is a powerful metabolic regulator in vertebrates and invertebrates. At cellular concentrations in the nanomolar range, and simultaneously reduced internal oxygen partial pressures (pO2), NO completely inhibits cytochrome-c-oxidase (CytOx) activity and hence mitochondrial- and whole-tissue respiration. The infaunal clam Arctica islandica regulates pO2 of hemolymph and mantle cavity water to mean values of 〈5 kPa, even in a completely oxygen-saturated environment of 21 kPa. These low internal pO2 values support a longer NO lifespan and NO accumulation in the body fluids and can thus trigger a depression of metabolic rate in the clams. Measurable amounts of NO formation were detected in hemocyte cells (~110 pmol NO 100−1 hemocytes h-1 at 6 kPa), which was not prevented in the presence of the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME, and in the gill filaments of A. islandica. Adding a NO donor to intact gills and tissue homogenate significantly inhibited gill respiration and CytOx activity below 10 kPa. Meanwhile, the addition of the NO-oxidation product nitrite did not affect metabolic rates. The high nitrite levels found in the hemolymph of experimental mussels under anoxia do not indicate cellular NO production, but could be an indication of nitrate reduction by facultative anaerobic bacteria associated with tissue and/or hemolymph biofilms. Our results suggest that NO plays an important role in the initiation of metabolic depression during self-induced burrowing and shell closure of A. islandica. Furthermore, NO appears to reduce mitochondrial oxygen radical formation during surfacing and cellular reoxygenation after prolonged periods of hypoxia and anoxia.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
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    Changes in oxidative stress parameters in relation to age, growth and reproduction in the short-lived catarina scallop Argopecten ventricosus reared in its natural environment (2012)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
    In:  EPIC3Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology, ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 162, pp. 421-430, ISSN: 1095-6433
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: Increase in oxidative damage and decrease in cellular maintenance is often associated with aging, but, in marine ectotherms, both processes are also strongly influenced by somatic growth, maturation and reproduction. In this study, we used a single cohort of the short-lived catarina scallop Argopecten ventricosus, to investigate the effects of somatic growth, reproduction and aging on oxidative damage parameters (protein carbonyls, TBARS and lipofuscin) and cellular maintenance mechanisms (antioxidant activity and apoptosis) in scallops, caged in their natural environment. The concentrations of protein carbonyls and TBARS increased steeply during the early period of fast growth and during reproduction in one-year-old scallops. However, oxidative damage was transient, and apoptotic cell death played a pivotal role in eliminating damage in gill, mantle and muscle tissues of young scallops. Animals were able to reproduce again in the second year, but the reduced intensity of apoptosis impaired subsequent removal of damaged cells. Fast accumulation of the age pigment lipofuscin was observed in late survivors. Reproduction had a temperature independent effect on oxygen uptake and on oxidative stress markers in first year scallops. Compared to longer-lived bivalves, A. ventricosus seems more susceptible to oxidative stress with higher tissue-specific protein carbonyl levels and fast accumulation of lipofuscin in animals surviving the first and second spawning. Superoxide dismutase activity and apoptotic cell death intensity were higher in this short-lived scallop than in longer-lived bivalves. The life strategy of this short-lived and intensely predated scallop supports rapid somatic growth and fitness as well as early maturation at young age over cellular maintenance in second year scallops.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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