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  • EDP Sciences  (28)
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  • 1
    In: Astronomy & Astrophysics, EDP Sciences, Vol. 653 ( 2021-9), p. A105-
    Abstract: The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission was designed to perform an all-sky search of planets around bright and nearby stars. Here we report the discovery of two sub-Neptunes orbiting around TOI 1062 (TIC 299799658), a V = 10.25 G9V star observed in the TESS Sectors 1, 13, 27, and 28. We use precise radial velocity observations from HARPS to confirm and characterize these two planets. TOI 1062b has a radius of 2.265 −0.091 +0.096 R ⊕ , a mass of 10.15 ± 0.8 M ⊕ , and an orbital period of 4.1130 ± 0.0015 days. The second planet is not transiting, has a minimum mass of 9.78 −1.18 +1.26 M ⊕ and is near the 2:1 mean motion resonance with the innermost planet with an orbital period of 7.972 −0.024 +0.018 days. We performed a dynamical analysis to explore the proximity of the system to this resonance, and to attempt further constraining the orbital parameters. The transiting planet has a mean density of 4.85 −0.74 +0.84 g cm −3 and an analysis of its internal structure reveals that it is expected to have a small volatile envelope accounting for 0.35% of the mass at most. The star’s brightness and the proximity of the inner planet to what is know as the radius gap make it an interesting candidate for transmission spectroscopy, which could further constrain the composition and internal structure of TOI 1062b.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-6361 , 1432-0746
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458466-9
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 2
    In: Astronomy & Astrophysics, EDP Sciences, Vol. 669 ( 2023-1), p. A109-
    Abstract: Context. The current architecture of a given multi-planetary system is a key fingerprint of its past formation and dynamical evolution history. Long-term follow-up observations are key to complete their picture. Aims. In this paper, we focus on the confirmation and characterization of the components of the TOI-969 planetary system, where TESS detected a Neptune-size planet candidate in a very close-in orbit around a late K-dwarf star. Methods. We use a set of precise radial velocity observations from HARPS, PFS, and CORALIE instruments covering more than two years in combination with the TESS photometric light curve and other ground-based follow-up observations to confirm and characterize the components of this planetary system. Results. We find that TOI-969 b is a transiting close-in ( P b ~ 1.82 days) mini-Neptune planet ( m b = 9.1 −1.0 +1.1 M ⊕ , R b = 2.765 −0.097 +0.088 R ⊕ ), placing it on the lower boundary of the hot-Neptune desert ( T eq,b = 941 ± 31 K). The analysis of its internal structure shows that TOI-969 b is a volatile-rich planet, suggesting it underwent an inward migration. The radial velocity model also favors the presence of a second massive body in the system, TOI-969 c, with a long period of P c = 1700 −280 +290 days, a minimum mass of m c sin i c = 11.3 −0.9 +1.1 M Jup , and a highly eccentric orbit of e c = 0.628 −0.036 +0.043 . Conclusions. The TOI-969 planetary system is one of the few around K-dwarfs known to have this extended configuration going from a very close-in planet to a wide-separation gaseous giant. TOI-969 b has a transmission spectroscopy metric of 93 and orbits a moderately bright ( G = 11.3 mag) star, making it an excellent target for atmospheric studies. The architecture of this planetary system can also provide valuable information about migration and formation of planetary systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-6361 , 1432-0746
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458466-9
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 3
    In: Astronomy & Astrophysics, EDP Sciences, Vol. 646 ( 2021-2), p. A157-
    Abstract: Context. The detection of a super-Earth and three mini-Neptunes transiting the bright ( V = 9.2 mag) star HD 108236 (also known as TOI-1233) was recently reported on the basis of TESS and ground-based light curves. Aims. We perform a first characterisation of the HD 108236 planetary system through high-precision CHEOPS photometry and improve the transit ephemerides and system parameters. Methods. We characterise the host star through spectroscopic analysis and derive the radius with the infrared flux method. We constrain the stellar mass and age by combining the results obtained from two sets of stellar evolutionary tracks. We analyse the available TESS light curves and one CHEOPS transit light curve for each known planet in the system. Results. We find that HD 108236 is a Sun-like star with R ⋆ = 0.877 ± 0.008 R ⊙ , M ⋆ = 0.869 −0.048 +0.050 M ⊙ , and an age of 6.7 −5.1 +4.0 Gyr. We report the serendipitous detection of an additional planet, HD 108236 f, in one of the CHEOPS light curves. For this planet, the combined analysis of the TESS and CHEOPS light curves leads to a tentative orbital period of about 29.5 days. From the light curve analysis, we obtain radii of 1.615 ± 0.051, 2.071 ± 0.052, 2.539 −0.065 +0.062 , 3.083 ± 0.052, and 2.017 −0.057 +0.052 R ⊕ for planets HD 108236 b to HD 108236 f, respectively. These values are in agreement with previous TESS-based estimates, but with an improved precision of about a factor of two. We perform a stability analysis of the system, concluding that the planetary orbits most likely have eccentricities smaller than 0.1. We also employ a planetary atmospheric evolution framework to constrain the masses of the five planets, concluding that HD 108236 b and HD 108236 c should have an Earth-like density, while the outer planets should host a low mean molecular weight envelope. Conclusions. The detection of the fifth planet makes HD 108236 the third system brighter than V = 10 mag to host more than four transiting planets. The longer time span enables us to significantly improve the orbital ephemerides such that the uncertainty on the transit times will be of the order of minutes for the years to come. A comparison of the results obtained from the TESS and CHEOPS light curves indicates that for a V ~ 9 mag solar-like star and a transit signal of ~500 ppm, one CHEOPS transit light curve ensures the same level of photometric precision as eight TESS transits combined, although this conclusion depends on the length and position of the gaps in the light curve.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-6361 , 1432-0746
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458466-9
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 4
    In: Astronomy & Astrophysics, EDP Sciences, Vol. 667 ( 2022-11), p. A1-
    Abstract: We present the discovery of two small planets transiting HD 93963A (TOI-1797), a GOV star ( M * = 1.109 ± 0.043 M ⊙ , R * = 1.043 ± 0.009 R ⊙ ) in a visual binary system. We combined TESS and CHEOPS space-borne photometry with MuSCAT 2 ground-based photometry, ‘Alopeke and PHARO high-resolution imaging, TRES and FIES reconnaissance spectroscopy, and SOPHIE radial velocity measurements. We validated and spectroscopically confirmed the outer transiting planet HD 93963 A c, a sub-Neptune with an orbital period of P c ≈ 3.65 d that was reported to be a TESS object of interest (TOI) shortly after the release of Sector 22 data. HD 93963 A c has amass of M c = 19.2 ± 4.1 M ⊕ and a radius of R c = 3.228 ± 0.059 R ⊕ , implying a mean density of ρ c = 3.1 ± 0.7 g cm -3 . The inner object, HD 93963 A b, is a validated 1.04 d ultra-short period (USP) transiting super-Earth that we discovered in the TESS light curve and that was not listed as a TOI, owing to the low significance of its signal (TESS signal-to-noise ratio ≈6.7, TESS + CHEOPS combined transit depth D b = 141.5 −8.3 +8.5 ppm). We intensively monitored the star with CHEOPS by performing nine transit observations to confirm the presence of the inner planet and validate the system. HD 93963 A b is the first small ( R b = 1.35 ± 0.042 R ⊕ ) USP planet discovered and validated by TESS and CHEOPS. Unlike planet c, HD 93963 Ab is not significantly detected in our radial velocities ( M b = 7.8 ± 3.2 M ⊕ ). The two planets are on either side of the radius valley, implying that they could have undergone completely different evolution processes. We also discovered a linear trend in our Doppler measurements, suggesting the possible presence of a long-period outer planet. With a V -band magnitude of 9.2, HD 93963 A is among the brightest stars known to host a USP planet, making it one of the most favourable targets for precise mass measurement via Doppler spectroscopy and an important laboratory to test formation, evolution, and migration models of planetary systems hosting ultra-short period planets.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-6361 , 1432-0746
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458466-9
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 5
    In: Astronomy & Astrophysics, EDP Sciences, Vol. 674 ( 2023-6), p. A44-
    Abstract: Context . Multi-planet systems are important sources of information regarding the evolution of planets. However, the long-period planets in these systems often escape detection. These objects in particular may retain more of their primordial characteristics compared to close-in counterparts because of their increased distance from the host star. HD 22946 is a bright ( G = 8.13 mag) late F-type star around which three transiting planets were identified via Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry, but the true orbital period of the outermost planet d was unknown until now. Aims . We aim to use the Characterising Exoplanet Satellite (CHEOPS) space telescope to uncover the true orbital period of HD 22946d and to refine the orbital and planetary properties of the system, especially the radii of the planets. Methods . We used the available TESS photometry of HD 22946 and observed several transits of the planets b, c, and d using CHEOPS. We identified two transits of planet d in the TESS photometry, calculated the most probable period aliases based on these data, and then scheduled CHEOPS observations. The photometric data were supplemented with ESPRESSO (Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanets and Stable Spectroscopic Observations) radial velocity data. Finally, a combined model was fitted to the entire dataset in order to obtain final planetary and system parameters. Results . Based on the combined TESS and CHEOPS observations, we successfully determined the true orbital period of the planet d to be 47.42489 ± 0.00011 days, and derived precise radii of the planets in the system, namely 1.362 ± 0.040 R ⊕ , 2.328 ± 0.039 R ⊕ , and 2.607 ± 0.060 R ⊕ for planets b, c, and d, respectively. Due to the low number of radial velocities, we were only able to determine 3 σ upper limits for these respective planet masses, which are 13.71 M ⊕ , 9.72 M ⊕ , and 26.57 M ⊕ . We estimated that another 48 ESPRESSO radial velocities are needed to measure the predicted masses of all planets in HD 22946. We also derived stellar parameters for the host star. Conclusions . Planet c around HD 22946 appears to be a promising target for future atmospheric characterisation via transmission spectroscopy. We can also conclude that planet d, as a warm sub-Neptune, is very interesting because there are only a few similar confirmed exoplanets to date. Such objects are worth investigating in the near future, for example in terms of their composition and internal structure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-6361 , 1432-0746
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458466-9
    SSG: 16,12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 6
    In: Astronomy & Astrophysics, EDP Sciences, Vol. 675 ( 2023-7), p. A183-
    Abstract: Context . Giant planets are known to dominate the long-term stability of planetary systems due to their prevailing gravitational interactions, but they are also thought to play an important role in planet formation. Observational constraints improve our understanding of planetary formation processes such as the delivery of volatile-rich planetesimals from beyond the ice line into the inner planetary system. Additional constraints may come from studies of the atmosphere, but almost all such studies of the atmosphere investigate the detection of certain species, and abundances are not routinely quantitatively measured. Aims . Accurate measurements of planetary bulk parameters – that is, mass and density – provide constraints on the inner structure and chemical composition of transiting planets. This information provides insight into properties such as the amounts of volatile species, which in turn can be related to formation and evolution processes. Methods . The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) reported a planetary candidate around HD 190622 (TOI-1054), which was subsequently validated and found to merit further characterization with photometric and spectroscopic facilities. The KESPRINT collaboration used data from the High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) to independently confirm the planetary candidate, securing its mass, and revealing the presence of an outer giant planet in the system. The CHEOPS consortium invested telescope time in the transiting target in order to reduce the uncertainty on the radius, improving the characterization of the planet. Results . We present the discovery and characterization of the planetary system around HD 190622 (TOI-1054). This system hosts one transiting planet, which is smaller than Neptune (3.087 -0.053 +0.058 R Earth , 7.7 ± 1.0 M Earth ) but has a similar bulk density (1.43 ± 0.21 g cm −3 ) and an orbital period of 16 days; and a giant planet, not known to be transiting, with a minimum mass of 227.0 ± 6.7 M Earth in an orbit with a period of 315 days. Conclusions . Our measurements constrain the structure and composition of the transiting planet. HD 190622b has singular properties among the known population of transiting planets, which we discuss in detail. Among the sub-Neptune-sized planets known today, this planet stands out because of its large gas content.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-6361 , 1432-0746
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458466-9
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 7
    In: Astronomy & Astrophysics, EDP Sciences, Vol. 671 ( 2023-3), p. A154-
    Abstract: The planetary system around the naked-eye star v 2 Lupi (HD 136352; TOI-2011) is composed of three exoplanets with masses of 4.7, 11.2, and 8.6 Earth masses ( M ⊕ ). The TESS and CHEOPS missions revealed that all three planets are transiting and have radii straddling the radius gap separating volatile-rich and volatile-poor super-earths. Only a partial transit of planet d had been covered so we re-observed an inferior conjunction of the long-period 8.6 M ⊕ exoplanet v 2 Lup d with the CHEOPS space telescope. We confirmed its transiting nature by covering its whole 9.1 h transit for the first time. We refined the planet transit ephemeris to P = 107.1361 −0.0022 +0.0019 days and T c = 2459009.7759 −0.0096 +0.0101 BJD TDB , improving by ~40 times on the previously reported transit timing uncertainty. This refined ephemeris will enable further follow-up of this outstanding long-period transiting planet to search for atmospheric signatures or explore the planet’s Hill sphere in search for an exomoon. In fact, the CHEOPS observations also cover the transit of a large fraction of the planet’s Hill sphere, which is as large as the Earth’s, opening the tantalising possibility of catching transiting exomoons. We conducted a search for exomoon signals in this single-epoch light curve but found no conclusive photometric signature of additional transiting bodies larger than Mars. Yet, only a sustained follow-up of v 2 Lup d transits will warrant a comprehensive search for a moon around this outstanding exoplanet.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-6361 , 1432-0746
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458466-9
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 8
    In: Astronomy & Astrophysics, EDP Sciences, Vol. 671 ( 2023-03), p. L8-
    Abstract: Context. TOI-1055 is a Sun-like star known to host a transiting Neptune-sized planet on a 17.5-day orbit (TOI-1055 b). Radial velocity (RV) analyses carried out by two independent groups using nearly the same set of HARPS spectra have provided measurements of planetary masses that differ by ∼2 σ . Aims. Our aim in this work is to solve the inconsistency in the published planetary masses by significantly extending the set of HARPS RV measurements and employing a new analysis tool that is able to account and correct for stellar activity. Our further aim was to improve the precision on measurements of the planetary radius by observing two transits of the planet with the CHEOPS space telescope. Methods. We fit a skew normal function to each cross correlation function extracted from the HARPS spectra to obtain RV measurements and hyperparameters to be used for the detrending. We evaluated the correlation changes of the hyperparameters along the RV time series using the breakpoint technique. We performed a joint photometric and RV analysis using a Markov chain Monte Carlo scheme to simultaneously detrend the light curves and the RV time series. Results. We firmly detected the Keplerian signal of TOI-1055 b, deriving a planetary mass of M b  = 20.4 −2.5 +2.6   M ⊕ (∼12%). This value is in agreement with one of the two estimates in the literature, but it is significantly more precise. Thanks to the TESS transit light curves combined with exquisite CHEOPS photometry, we also derived a planetary radius of R b  = 3.490 −0.064 +0.070   R ⊕ (∼1.9%). Our mass and radius measurements imply a mean density of ρ b  = 2.65 −0.35 +0.37 g cm −3 (∼14%). We further inferred the planetary structure and found that TOI-1055 b is very likely to host a substantial gas envelope with a mass of 0.41 −0.20 +0.34   M ⊕ and a thickness of 1.05 −0.29 +0.30   R ⊕ . Conclusions. Our RV extraction combined with the breakpoint technique has played a key role in the optimal removal of stellar activity from the HARPS time series, enabling us to solve the tension in the planetary mass values published so far for TOI-1055 b.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-6361 , 1432-0746
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458466-9
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 9
    In: Astronomy & Astrophysics, EDP Sciences, Vol. 664 ( 2022-8), p. A156-
    Abstract: Context. TOI-2076 is a transiting three-planet system of sub-Neptunes orbiting a bright ( G = 8.9 mag), young (340 ± 80 Myr) K-type star. Although a validated planetary system, the orbits of the two outer planets were unconstrained as only two non-consecutive transits were seen in TESS photometry. This left 11 and 7 possible period aliases for each. Aims. To reveal the true orbits of these two long-period planets, precise photometry targeted on the highest-probability period aliases is required. Long-term monitoring of transits in multi-planet systems can also help constrain planetary masses through TTV measurements. Methods. We used the MonoTools package to determine which aliases to follow, and then performed space-based and ground-based photometric follow-up of TOI-2076 c and d with CHEOPS, SAINT-EX, and LCO telescopes. Results. CHEOPS observations revealed a clear detection for TOI-2076 c at $P = 21.02538_{ - 0.00074}^{ + 0.00084}$ d, and allowed us to rule out three of the most likely period aliases for TOI-2076 d. Ground-based photometry further enabled us to rule out remaining aliases and confirm the P = 35.12537 ± 0.00067 d alias. These observations also improved the radius precision of all three sub-Neptunes to 2.518 ± 0.036, 3.497 ± 0.043, and 3.232 ± 0.063 R ⊕ . Our observations also revealed a clear anti-correlated TTV signal between planets b and c likely caused by their proximity to the 2:1 resonance, while planets c and d appear close to a 5:3 period commensurability, although model degeneracy meant we were unable to retrieve robust TTV masses. Their inflated radii, likely due to extended H-He atmospheres, combined with low insolation makes all three planets excellent candidates for future comparative transmission spectroscopy with JWST.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-6361 , 1432-0746
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458466-9
    SSG: 16,12
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  • 10
    In: Astronomy & Astrophysics, EDP Sciences, Vol. 653 ( 2021-9), p. A147-
    Abstract: We present the discovery of two new transiting extrasolar planet candidates identified as TOI-1296.01 and TOI-1298.01 by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The planetary nature of these candidates has been secured with the SOPHIE high-precision spectrograph through the measurement of the companion’s mass with the radial velocity method. Both planets are similar to Saturn in mass and have similar orbital periods of a few days. They, however, show discrepant radii and therefore different densities. The radius discrepancy might be explained by the different levels of irradiation by the host stars. The subgiant star TOI-1296 hosts a low-density planet with 1.2 R Jup while the less luminous, lower-size star TOI-1298 hosts a much denser planet with a 0.84 R Jup radius, resulting in bulk densities of 0.198 and 0.743 g cm −3 , respectively.In addition, both stars are strongly enriched in heavy elements, having metallicities of +0.44 and +0.49 dex, respectively. The planet masses and orbital periods are 0.298 ± 0.039 M Jup and 3.9443715 ± 5.8 ± 10 −6 days for TOI-1296b, and 0.356 ± 0.032 M Jup and 4.537164 ± 1.2 ± 10 −5 days for TOI-1298b. The mass measurements have a relative precision of better than 13%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0004-6361 , 1432-0746
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458466-9
    SSG: 16,12
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