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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Molecular aspects of creating vaccines for the prevention of poisoning ribosome-inactivating proteins of plant origin: current situation, problems of vaccine development
    ECO-Vector LLC ; 2021
    In:  Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy Vol. 23, No. 2 ( 2021-07-12), p. 219-228
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy, ECO-Vector LLC, Vol. 23, No. 2 ( 2021-07-12), p. 219-228
    Abstract: This article reviews the current understanding of the mechanism of action of the toxin, the clinical effects of ricin and abrin intoxication and how these relate to current and continuing prospects for vaccine development. The threat of bioterrorism worldwide has accelerated the demand for the development of therapies and vaccines against the ribosome-inactivating proteins. The diverse and unique nature of these toxins poses a challenge to vaccinologists. This paper will review the mechanism of toxicity and vaccines development to protect against the highly toxic plant-derived ribosomal toxins. Vaccine development is further complicated by the fact that as bioterrorism agents, abrin and ricin would most likely be disseminated as aerosols supplies. Our understanding of the mechanisms by which these toxins cross mucosal surfaces, and importance of mucosal immunity in preventing toxin uptake is only rudimentary. Research is now aimed at developing recombinant, attenuated vaccines based on a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which these toxins function. The evolution of the development of specific immunoprophylaxis of acute ricin poisoning from native toxoid to genetically engineered subunit vaccines based on the method of targeted mutagenesis is traced. The past several years have seen major advances in the development of a safe and efficacious ricin toxin vaccine. These vaccines are discussed in the context of the toxicity and structure of ricin. In this review we summarize ongoing efforts to leverage recent advances in the design and use of vaccines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2687-1424 , 1682-7392
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.17816/brmma.232
    DOI: 10.17816/brmma65095
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: ECO-Vector LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis and development of the oil separator of the crank-case ventilation system of a highly-boosted diesel engine
    ECO-Vector LLC ; 2017
    In:  Traktory i sel hozmashiny Vol. 84, No. 10 ( 2017-10-15), p. 20-27
    Details
    In: Traktory i sel hozmashiny, ECO-Vector LLC, Vol. 84, No. 10 ( 2017-10-15), p. 20-27
    Abstract: Current problems, related to the development of the crankcase ventilation system for high-powered diesel engines, are considered. To avoid the occurrence of significant excess pressure in the crankcase, which negatively affects the tightness of the seals in engine, the crankcase gases are evacuated to the atmosphere. The main processes that take place in the ventilation system of the crankcase of the diesel engine are singled out and described, as well as the problems and ways of their solution. Information on the advantages and disadvantages of open and closed crankcase ventilation systems is presented. Considerable attention is paid to the main element of the crankcase ventilation system of any engine - oil separator. There is information on the analysis of existing crankcase ventilation systems and oil separators. The evaluation of the efficiency of the crankcase ventilation system is considered. There are criteria for: estimating the flow of oil directly into the crankcase ventilation system; relative oil content in crankcase gases; efficiency of the crankcase ventilation system. The installation for carrying out benchless motorless testing of open and closed crankcase ventilation systems is presented, the technique is described in detail on the results of tests of the patented pilot oil separator by specialists of STC PJSC «KAMAZ». There are data on motor tests of the open crankcase ventilation system with the patented oil separator of the modern diesel engine 8ChN 12/13. Experimental benchless motorless and motor studies confirmed the high efficiency of the crankcase ventilation system with an oil separator. It is established that as a result of bench motor tests of an open crankcase ventilation system with the use of an experimental oil separator, the limit of efficiency with the least efficiency (not lower than 97,5 %) is determined by the values of the consumption of crankcase gases 360 l/min.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2782-425X , 0321-4443
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66326
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: ECO-Vector LLC
    Publication Date: 2017
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of the effect of a closed crankcase ventilation system on the fuel efficiency of a compression ignition engine
    ECO-Vector LLC ; 2020
    In:  Traktory i sel hozmashiny Vol. 87, No. 3 ( 2020-06-15), p. 3-9
    Details
    In: Traktory i sel hozmashiny, ECO-Vector LLC, Vol. 87, No. 3 ( 2020-06-15), p. 3-9
    Abstract: This article provides relevant information regarding the analysis of the effect of crankcase gas bypass from the crankcase ventilation system into the intake manifold of a highly boosted compression-ignition engine with turbocharging. The information on the breakthrough of crankcase gases into the crankcase through a cylinder-piston group is provided. The data on the types of execution of crankcase ventilation systems, their features and environmental impact are presented. State standards and international standards for the development and requirements for closed and open crankcase ventilation systems are shown. The article reveals the need to evaluate the engine workflow when developing a closed crankcase ventilation system. The development and verification of a mathematical model of the engine workflow with a closed ventilation system was carried out. The reliability of the mathematical model is confirmed by a maximum deviation of up to 1 % from the results of full-scale engine tests, in terms of specific fuel consumption, maximum combustion pressure and crankcase gas consumption. A description of the methodology of the design study and the elements of the design of thermodynamic model of the engine with a closed and open crankcase ventilation system is described. An analysis of the design study and comparison of two versions of the engine ventilation system is made. The influence of an open and closed ventilation system on the effective engine performance in terms of specific fuel consumption and maximum combustion pressure is presented. There is evidence that confirms that the supply of crankcase gases to the intake manifold impairs the fuel economy of the engine, especially at low operating modes, and the difference can go up to 1 g/kWh.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2782-425X , 0321-4443
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.31992/0321-4443-2020-3-3-9
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: ECO-Vector LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis and development of the heat exchanger for the exhaust gas recirculation system of the transport diesel engine
    ECO-Vector LLC ; 2018
    In:  Traktory i sel hozmashiny Vol. 85, No. 4 ( 2018-08-15), p. 11-17
    Details
    In: Traktory i sel hozmashiny, ECO-Vector LLC, Vol. 85, No. 4 ( 2018-08-15), p. 11-17
    Abstract: Nowadays one of the most urgent problems of creating modern combustion engines (ICE) is the problem of ecology. Ensuring environmental requirements is usually associated with the introduction of new structural elements or the modernization of existing structures, since practice shows that the use of traditional methods to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases, leads to a gradual deterioration in the fuel economy of the engine. This article discusses the use and development of an exhaust gas recirculation system for a transport diesel as the most effective means of reducing NOx emissions into the environment. On the example of expert data, the experience of using exhaust gas recirculation systems in diesel engines is considered, and their main advantages and disadvantages are given. The use of «cooled» exhaust gas recirculation is more preferable than «uncooled», since the filling of the cylinders with an air charge improves, and lower gas temperatures during the combustion period are provided, thereby reducing the amount of NOx generators. It is also noted in the work that when a cooled exhaust gas recirculation system is used in conjunction with optimization of engine design and adjustment parameters, NOx emissions are reduced with minimal deterioration of the engine's power and economic parameters. On the example of research and simulations on the testbench of the transport engine 8ChN 12/13, the efficiency of the exhaust gas recirculation system on diesel has been estimated and all the necessary data was provided. Due to the optimization of the adjusting parameters and the developed model of the exhaust gas recirculation system, it was possible to achieve 46 % reduction in NOx emissions. It has been shown experimentally that the use in a diesel engine of a theoretically developed organization of working processes with the use of recirculation of exhaust gases and the characteristics of controlling the main adjustments of the combustion process is advisable.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2782-425X , 0321-4443
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.17816/0321-4443-66364
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: ECO-Vector LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
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