Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- List of Participating Authors -- Acronyms -- 1 Introduction to the Fisheries and the Surveys -- 1.1 The Decline of the Pacific Sardine Fishery and Origins of the CalCOFI Program -- 1.2 The Commercial Fisheries of California -- 1.3 The CalCOFI Sampling Domain -- 1.4 The Spatial Domain and Time-Scales of Other Surveys Related to CalCOFI -- 2 Oceanography of the Southern California Current System Relevant to Fisheries -- 2.1 Regional Classification of the California Current System -- 2.2 Bathymetric Features of the Core CalCOFI Region -- 2.3 Water Sources and Properties -- 2.4 Currents -- 2.4.1 Geostrophically Mapped Currents -- 2.4.2 Importance of Advection Versus Upwelling to Zooplankton Production -- 2.5 Seasonality -- 2.5.1 Spring Transition -- 2.5.2 Wind-Driven Coastal Upwelling North of the SCB -- 2.5.3 Seasonality of Currents -- 2.5.4 Seasonal Cycles of Remotely-Sensed Variables -- 2.6 Regional Structures and Processes Affecting Production -- 2.6.1 Central California -- 2.6.1.1 Wind Relaxation Events -- 2.6.1.2 Eddy-Like Flows -- 2.6.2 Southern California -- 2.6.2.1 Nutrient Enrichment -- 2.6.2.2 Fronts -- 3 Classic CalCOFI -- 3.1 Sampling -- 3.1.1 Hydrographic Sampling -- 3.1.2 Standard CalCOFI Nets -- 3.1.2.1 Oblique Tows for Sampling Ichthyoplankton and Zooplankton -- 3.1.2.2 Vertical Tows (CalVET and PairoVET) for Sampling Ichthyoplankton -- 3.1.2.3 Manta Net Surface Tows for Sampling the Neuston -- 3.1.3 Supplementary CalCOFI Nets -- 3.1.3.1 Nordic 264 Rope Trawl for Sampling Pelagic Fishes -- 3.1.3.2 Modified Isaacs Kidd (MIK) Frame Trawl for Sampling Juvenile Fishes -- 3.1.3.3 Matsuda-Oozeki-Hu (MOHT) Trawl for Sampling Mesopelagics -- 3.1.3.4 PRPOOS Net for Sampling Zooplankton -- 3.1.4 Continuous Underway Fish Egg Sampler (CUFES) -- 3.2 The CalCOFI Atlases. , 3.2.1 Krill in the Atlases -- 3.2.2 Chaetognaths in the Atlases -- 3.2.3 Copepods in the Atlases -- 3.2.4 Ichthyoplankton in the Atlases -- 3.3 Biogeography, Ichthyoplankton and ENSO -- 4 Scales of Variability Relevant to Fisheries in the Southern California Current System -- 4.1 Decadal-Scale Variability (10-100+ Years) -- 4.1.1 Climate Variability and Teleconnections -- 4.1.1.1 The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) -- 4.1.1.2 The North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) -- 4.1.2 Defining Regime Shifts -- 4.1.3 Regime Shifts and the Biota -- 4.1.3.1 Long-Term Changes in Atmospheric Forcing, Hydrography and Circulation -- 4.1.3.2 Trends in Hypoxia -- 4.1.3.3 Long-Term Changes in Zooplankton and Fish Assemblages Relevant to Fisheries -- 4.2 Inter-annual Scale Variability (1-5 Years) -- 4.2.1 Effect of ENSO off Southern and Central California -- 4.2.1.1 Central Pacific and Eastern Pacific ENSO -- 4.2.1.2 ENSO Climate Indices -- 4.2.1.3 ENSO and Geographic Shifts in Assemblages -- 4.2.1.4 ENSO and Small Pelagic Fish -- 4.2.1.5 ENSO and Market Squid -- 4.2.2 Recruitment Dynamics and Environment -- 4.2.2.1 Mesoscale Eddies and Sardine Recruitment -- 4.2.2.2 Small Pelagic Fish Spawning Habitat -- 4.2.2.3 Spawning Habitat Models for Small Pelagic Fish -- 4.2.2.4 The Recruitment Bottleneck -- 4.3 Seasonal-Scale Variability (1 Month-1 Year) -- 4.3.1 Sardine Migration -- 4.3.2 Hake Migration -- 4.4 Weather Scale Variability (Less than 1 Month) -- 5 Insights for Fisheries from Experimental and Predation Studies -- 5.1 The Framework for Predation and Feeding Studies -- 5.2 Invertebrate Predation -- 5.2.1 Krill Predation -- 5.2.2 Copepod Predation -- 5.2.3 Gelatinous Predators -- 5.2.4 Chaetognath Predation -- 5.3 Vertebrate Predation and Cannibalism -- 6 Fisheries Stock Assessment, Environmental Variability, and CalCOFI. , 6.1 The Value of CalCOFI Data for Understanding Fluctuations in Fish Biomass -- 6.1.1 Fishery-Independent Methods -- 6.1.1.1 Ichthyoplankton Time Series and Spawning Stock Biomass -- 6.1.1.2 Larval Time Series for Monitoring Population Fluctuations: The California Halibut -- 6.1.1.3 CalCOFI Ichthyoplankton Data as an Unbiased Time Series of Relative Spawner Abundance: The Bocaccio Example -- 6.1.1.4 Using CalCOFI Data to Extend Time Series, Standardize Indices and Tune Assessment Models: The Case of Cowcod -- 6.1.1.5 Pacific Mackerel Larvae as an Index of Spawning Stock Size -- 6.1.1.6 Pacific Hake Larval Production Time Series for Stock Assessment -- 6.1.1.7 Recruitment of Pacific Hake in Relation to Environmental Variability -- 6.1.1.8 The Environmental Component of the Sardine Harvest Control Rule -- 6.1.2 Fishery-Dependent Methods Incorporating CalCOFI Data -- 6.1.2.1 Pelagic Fish Spotters -- 6.1.3 Summary of Use of CalCOFI Data in Stock Assessments -- 7 The New CalCOFI and Fisheries -- 7.1 Ecosystem Based Management -- 7.1.1 The Role of CalCOFI in the Historical Development of Ecosystem Science -- 7.1.2 Defining EBM, IEA, and CMSP -- 7.2 CalCOFI and Integrated Ecosystem Assessment -- 7.2.1 Developing Indices or Indicators -- 7.2.1.1 Variability of Stock-Recruitment-Environment Relationships -- 7.2.1.2 Utility of Fishery-Dependent Versus Fishery-Independent Time Series -- 7.2.1.3 Fishery-Independent Time Series from CalCOFI -- 7.3 Perspective -- 8 Perspectives on CalCOFI -- 8.1 George T. Hemingway: From Naples to La Jolla: 1952-1999 -- 8.2 John A. McGowan: CalCOFI: A Personal Account -- 8.3 Carl Boyd: Life on the CREST -- 8.4 Roger Hewitt: ``We're Always Where They Want to Be'' -- 8.5 David A. Griffith: Life on the David Starr Jordan, January, 1990 as Best Remembered. , 8.6 Ronald C. Dotson: Forty Years of Change: Observations of CalCOFI Procedures and Equipment 1970-2010 -- 8.7 James Wilkinson: The Development of Near Real-Time Data Delivery from CalCOFI Surveys -- 8.8 John L. Butler: A Critical Decision in the History of CalCOFI -- 8.9 Geoff Moser: Building the Multi-species Time Series for the Fish Eggs and Larvae Collected on CalCOFI Surveys -- 8.10 Bill Watson: Taxonomic Resolution and the Mother of All CalCOFI Atlases -- 8.11 Andrew Thompson: Visions for the Future of the SWFSC Ichthyoplankton Ecology Group -- 8.12 Paul E. Smith: Pattern and Process in Recruitment to Schooling Pelagic Populations -- 8.13 J. Anthony Koslow: CalCOFI and the Impact of El Niño in the California Current -- 8.14 Gail Theilacker: Experimental Approaches to Answering Fishery-Oceanographic Questions -- 8.15 John R. Hunter: Improving the Fishery Information from CalCOFI -- 8.16 Nancy Chyan-Huei Lo: Perspectives, Experiences and Stories of CalCOFI -- 8.17 Steven Bograd: ``It Is Difficult to Overstate the Importance of CalCOFI'' -- 8.18 Ralf Goericke: The CalCOFI Funding Crisis of 2003 -- 8.19 CalCOFI, Midwater Fishes, and the California Current Ecosystem by J. Anthony Koslow -- 8.20 Bertha Lavaniegos: IMECOCAL: A Legitimate Child of CalCOFI -- 8.21 Daniel L. Rudnick: The Potential of Autonomous Gliders to Contribute to the New CalCOFI -- 8.22 Amanda Netburn: Student Perspectives: What Going to Sea with CalCOFI Brought to My Thesis Research -- 8.23 Noelle Bowlin: Student Perspectives: From Technician to Graduate Student, to NOAA Scientist -- 8.24 Rebecca Asch: Student Perspectives: Phenology in the California Current Ecosystem: CalCOFI and Beyond -- Glossary -- References -- Index.