Note: Front Cover -- Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Conversion of biomass to chemicals using ionic liquids -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Biomass as a renewable resource of chemicals -- 2.1. Interaction among biomass components -- 2.2. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass using ionic liquids -- 2.3. Lignocellulosic biomass conversion to various chemicals -- 3. Platform chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass -- 3.1. 5-HMF and EMF from lignocellulosic biomass -- 3.2. Levulinic acid from lignocellulosic biomass -- 4. Ionic liquids: Significant in conversion of lignocellulose to platform chemicals -- 4.1. Biomass conversion to chemicals using acidic ILs -- 5. Conversion of biomass to 5-HMF and EMF using ILs -- 6. LA from lignocellulosic biomass -- 7. Effects of ILs properties on conversion of cellulose/lignocellulose to LA -- 8. Summary -- References -- Chapter 2: Ionic liquids for enzyme-catalyzed production of biodiesel -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Influence of ionic liquid cation in biocatalyzed biodiesel production -- 2.1. Imidazolium-based ionic liquids -- 2.2. Other cations -- 3. Impact of ionic liquid anion in biocatalyzed biodiesel production -- 4. Biocatalysts employed in biodiesel production with ionic liquids -- 5. Substrates and acyl acceptors for biocatalyzed biodiesel production with ionic liquids -- 6. Operation temperature for biocatalyzed biodiesel production with ionic liquids -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Organic synthesis on ionic liquid support: A new strategy for the liquid-phase organic synthesis (LPOS) -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Synthesis of small molecules on ionic liquid support -- 3. Ionic liquid-supported reagents for organic synthesis -- 4. Ionic liquid-supported catalysts for organic synthesis. , 5. Conclusion and outllook -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 4: Separation of volatile organic compounds by using immobilized ionic liquids -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ionic liquids for the separation of organic compounds -- 3. Separation of organic volatile compounds by IL-based membranes -- 3.1. Supported ionic liquid membranes -- 3.1.1. Flat sheet-supported ionic liquid membranes -- 3.2. Hollow fiber-supported ionic liquid membranes -- 3.3. Anodic aluminum oxide/ionic liquid membranes -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Deep eutectic solvents -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Properties and characteristics of DES -- 3. Synthesis of DES -- 4. Application of DES in sample preparation -- 4.1. Food analysis -- 4.2. Environmental analysis -- 4.3. Biological analysis -- 5. Conclusions and future trends -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 6: Ionic liquids as scavenger -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Solid- and solution-phase chemistry -- 1.2. Scavenger properties and mechanism -- 1.3. Ionic liquids as scavengers and their properties -- 2. Task-specific ionic liquids as scavenger -- 2.1. Amino-functionalized ionic liquids as scavenger -- 2.2. Diol-functionalized ionic liquid as scavenger -- 2.3. Ionic liquids functionalized with Michael acceptor as scavenger -- 2.4. Si-supported sulfonic acid-functionalized ionic liquid as scavenger -- 2.5. Carboxyl-functionalized ionic liquids as scavenger -- 2.6. Aldehyde-functionalized ionic liquids as scavenger -- 2.7. Azide-functionalized ionic liquid as scavenger -- 2.8. Amino acid-functionalized ionic liquid as scavenger -- 2.9. Chlorosalicylaldehyde-functionalized ionic liquids as scavenger -- 3. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Recent developments in ionic liquid-based electrolytes for energy storage supercapacitors and rechargeable b -- 1. Introduction. , 2. Recent developments in ionic liquid-based supercapacitors and batteries -- 3. Development of porous electrodes for ionic liquid electrolytes -- 4. Development of high operating temperature supercapacitors and batteries -- 5. Effect of cationic or anionic species on the electrochemical performance of ionic liquids -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Recent insights on solubility and stability of biomolecules in ionic liquid -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Available resources on properties of ionic liquids -- 3. Advantages of ILs for biomolecule-based applications -- 3.1. Biocompatibility and biodegrability of ILs -- 4. Biomolecules solubility and stability in ILs -- 4.1. Nucleic acids in ILs -- 4.2. Carbohydrates in ILs -- 4.3. Proteins in ILs -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Ionic liquid-based membranes for water softening -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Ionic liquids (ILs) -- 1.2. Water purification: Challenges and perspectives -- 2. Liquid membrane -- 3. Bulk membranes based on ionic liquids -- 3.1. Extraction of phenols -- 3.2. Extraction of metal ions -- 4. Emulsion liquid membranes -- 5. Supported liquid membranes (SLMs) -- 5.1. Flat sheet liquid membrane -- 5.1.1. IL-SLM as extracting agents for heavy metal ions -- 5.1.2. Extraction of endosulfan -- 5.1.3. Separation of volatile organic compounds by ILs -- 5.1.4. Removal of phenolic compounds from water -- 5.1.5. Separation of organic liquids -- 5.2. Hollow fiber-supported IL membrane -- 5.2.1. Extraction of phenols -- 5.2.2. Extraction of metal ions -- 6. Polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) -- 6.1. Extraction of metal ions -- 6.2. Extraction of antibiotics -- 6.3. Extraction of organic molecules -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Ionic liquids in gas sensors and biosensors -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Properties of ILs -- 3. Transducers utilized in IL-based sensors. , 3.1. Electrochemical transducers -- 3.2. Mass-sensing transducers -- 3.3. Optical transducers -- 3.4. IL-modified electrodes -- 3.5. Multitransduction modes -- 4. Immobilization techniques -- 5. Applications of IL-based sensors and biosensors -- 6. Future prospects -- 6.1. Electronic nose instruments -- 6.2. Ion Jelly ionic liquids -- 6.3. 3-D printing technology -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 11: Ionic liquids as gas sensors and biosensors -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ionic liquid-based electrochemical biosensors -- 2.1. Ionic liquid-based carbon nanomaterial biosensors -- 2.2. Ionic liquid based biosensor/metal nanomaterials -- 2.3. Gel-based biosensors -- 3. Electrochemical gas sensors -- 3.1. Electrochemical gas sensor-Oxygen (O2) sensors -- 3.2. Electrochemical gas sensor-Nitrogen oxide (NOx) -- 4. Optical gas sensors -- 4.1. Optical oxygen gas sensors -- 4.2. Optical carbon dioxide gas sensors -- 5. Other forms of gas sensors and applications of ionic liquids -- 5.1. Gas seniors-semiconducting metal oxides -- 5.2. Carbon-IL composite gas sensors -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 12: Imidazolium-based room temperature ionic liquids for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon mo ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mechanistic aspects -- 2.1. Formation of imidazolium-CO2 adducts -- 2.2. Deactivation of imidazolium cation during CO2 ERR -- 2.3. Structural transitions of imidazolium ILs at electrode-electrolyte interface -- 3. Role of imidazolium ILs in homogeneous reduction of CO2 -- 4. Role of imidazolium ILs in heterogeneous reduction of CO2 -- 4.1. With noble metal-based electrodes -- 4.2. With nonnoble metal-based electrodes -- 4.3. With polymers -- 4.4. With carbon-based electrodes -- 5. Conclusion -- References. , Chapter 13: Ionic liquid based electrochemical sensors and their applications -- 1. Introduction -- 2. History of ionic liquids -- 3. Electrochemical properties of ionic liquids -- 4. Ionic liquid based electrochemical sensors -- 5. Ionic liquid applications in electrochemical sensors -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Index -- Back Cover.