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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sonographic findings in patients with an acute pain in Right Upper Quadrant
    CrossLinks International Publishers ; 2022
    In:  Pakistan BioMedical Journal Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2022-02-16)
    Details
    In: Pakistan BioMedical Journal, CrossLinks International Publishers, Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2022-02-16)
    Abstract: Abdominal pain is a common presentation in the outpatient setting. Patients presenting to the emergency department with RUQ pain are often diagnosed with acute cholecystitis. The spectrum of diseases is also associated with RUQ pain including choledocholithiasis, biliary colic and liver pathologies. Ultrasoundis the first-line imaging modality opted to diagnose the cause of RUQ pain. More than one-third of patients suspected of having acute cholecystitis and right upper quadrant pain after the initial clinical evaluation are ultimately proved to have a different diagnosis.The objective of this study is to find sonographic findings in patients with acute RUQ pain and establish reasons of using Ultrasound in these circumstances. Material and Method: A total of 385 cases who were presented with RUQ pain in Sanabil Health Services Hospital were included in this descriptive observational study. 190 were female and 195 were male with a mean age of 44.7±13.4 years. A thorough scan of complete abdomen was done and results were analyzed through IBM SPSS statistics 28.0 version 2021. Results:Out of total 385 patients, 91 patients (23.6%) were suffering from cholelithiasis and only 19 (5.0%) of them had cholecystitis which are major causes of right upper quadrant pain. Majority of patients (26.8%) were diagnosed with Fatty liver disease, Obstructive kidney disease (17.4%) and a significant number of patients (14.5%) were also normal on Ultrasound scan. Conclusion:The Ultrasonographic diagnosis of majority of patients who are presented with right upper quadrant pain is fatty liver disease and other pathologies which are known to not cause any pain in right upper quadrant
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2709-2798 , 2709-278X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v5i1
    DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v5i1.236
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: CrossLinks International Publishers
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sonographic Correlation of Placental thickness with Estimated fetal Weight at term among the Pregnants in Lahore
    CrossLinks International Publishers ; 2022
    In:  Pakistan BioMedical Journal Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2022-01-12)
    Details
    In: Pakistan BioMedical Journal, CrossLinks International Publishers, Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2022-01-12)
    Abstract: Introduction: Placenta develops in the uterus and provides oxygen and nutrients to the baby. It begins to form in the 2nd month of pregnancy and is usually matured in the 4th month. It can be seen through ultrasonography by 9th or 10th week. The normal functioning of the placenta is determined by measuring placental thickness through ultrasonography which increases with the gestational age and is considered normal when it does not exceed 4 cm at any time during pregnancy. The objective of this study is to find Sonographic Correlation of Placental thickness with fetal weight at term among the pregnant in Lahore. Material and Method: A total of 213 cases were included in this cross-sectional analytical study. All subjects were scanned at term and gestational age, estimated fetal weight and placental thickness were measured. Pearson’s correlation was used to evaluate the correlation of placental thickness and estimated fetal weight. Results:Placental thickness and Estimated Fetal weight showed progressive increase in the value from 36 weeks to 40 weeks in this study. The mean placental thickness ranged from30.15±5.12 mm at 36th week to 37.49±2.31 mm at 40th week. The mean estimated fetal weight ranged from 2885.00±194.18 grams at 36th week to 3919.85±352.88 grams at 40th week. A significantly moderate correlation has been found between estimated fetal weight and placental thickness measured after 36 weeks of pregnancy. Conclusion:It is concluded that placental thickness is directly related to estimated fetal weight after 36 weeks of pregnancy. Therefore, it is helpful to assess placental thickness for the proper evaluation of fetal growth and well-being.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2709-2798 , 2709-278X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v5i1
    DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v5i1.185
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: CrossLinks International Publishers
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    ASSOCIATION OF SONOGRAPHIC GRADING OF FATTY LIVER DISEASE WITH LIVER FUNCTION TESTS AND CT HOUNSFIELD : Sonographic Grading of Fatty Liver Disease with Liver Function Tests
    CrossLinks International Publishers ; 2022
    In:  Pakistan BioMedical Journal ( 2022-03-29)
    Details
    In: Pakistan BioMedical Journal, CrossLinks International Publishers, ( 2022-03-29)
    Abstract: Fatty Liver Disease is described as the accumulation of triglycerides within cytoplasmic vesicles of hepatocytes exceeding 5 percent of total liver weight. It is generally of two types: Alcoholic or Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. It has a tendency to progress and cause steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cryptogenic cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, chronic liver disease, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovarian syndrome and adenocarcinomas. It is associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus, high triglycerides and low HDL levels.The Objective of this study is to find association of  Sonographic Grading of Fatty Liver Disease with Liver function tests and CT Hounsfield units. The evaluation of the significance of Ultrasound and LFTs over Computed Tomography is the aim of this study for the diagnosis of Fatty Liver Disease. Material and Method:104 patients were undergone CT exams, Ultrasound exams and LFT tests for this this study (mean age: 38 years). Their hepatic (right lobe and left lobe) and Splenic Hounsfield units were obtained, Ultrasonographic grades were specified and LFTs were recorded. Crosstabulations, multiple comparisons and ANOVA was done separately on the results obtained. Results:In a cross-tabulation between Lobes of Liver, Hounsfield Units and Fatty Liver Grades through ultrasonography, a significant association is seen.The means of total bilirubin in three groups of Fatty Liver (Grade I, Grade II, Grade III) are statistically insignificant. The means of ALT, AST and Alkaline Phosphatase in three groups of Fatty Liver (Grade I, Grade II, Grade III) are statistically significant. Conclusion:It is concluded that Ultrasound is effective in diagnosing this disease in all grades of FattyLiver Disease along with Liver Function Tests.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2709-2798 , 2709-278X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v5i3
    DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v5i3.174
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: CrossLinks International Publishers
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    ASSOCIATION OF SONOGRAPHIC GRADING OF FATTY LIVER DISEASE WITH LIVER FUNCTION TESTS AND CT HOUNSFIELD
    CrossLinks International Publishers ; 2022
    In:  Pakistan BioMedical Journal Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2022-01-29)
    Details
    In: Pakistan BioMedical Journal, CrossLinks International Publishers, Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2022-01-29)
    Abstract: Fatty Liver Disease is described as the accumulation of triglycerides within cytoplasmic vesicles of hepatocytes exceeding 5 percent of total liver weight. It is generally of two types: Alcoholic or Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. It has a tendency to progress and cause steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cryptogenic cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, chronic liver disease, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovarian syndrome and adenocarcinomas. It is associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus, high triglycerides and low HDL levels.The Objective of this study is tocorrelate Sonographic Grading of Fatty Liver Disease with Liver Profile and CT Hounsfield units. The evaluation of the significance of Ultrasound and LFTs over Computed Tomography is the aim of this study for the diagnosis of Fatty Liver Disease. Material and Method:104 patients were undergone CT exams, Ultrasound exams and LFT tests for this this study (mean age: 38 years). Their hepatic (right lobe and left lobe) and Splenic Hounsfield units were obtained, Ultrasonographic grades were specified and LFTs were recorded. Crosstabulations, multiple comparisons and ANOVA was done separately on the results obtained. Results:In a cross-tabulation between Lobes of Liver, Hounsfield Units and Fatty Liver Grades through ultrasonography, a significant association is seen.The means of total bilirubin in three groups of Fatty Liver (Grade I, Grade II, Grade III) are statistically insignificant. The means of ALT, AST and Alkaline Phosphatase in three groups of Fatty Liver (Grade I, Grade II, Grade III) are statistically significant. Conclusion:It is concluded that Ultrasound is effective in diagnosing this disease in all grades of FattyLiver Disease along with Liver Function Tests.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2709-2798 , 2709-278X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v5i1
    DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v5i1.174
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: CrossLinks International Publishers
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Factors leading to delayed presentation among patients presenting with ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction in Emergency Department of a tertiary care hospital.
    CrossLinks International Publishers ; 2022
    In:  Pakistan BioMedical Journal Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2022-02-25)
    Details
    In: Pakistan BioMedical Journal, CrossLinks International Publishers, Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2022-02-25)
    Abstract: The duration between the onset of myocardial infarction and first intervention plays a pivotal role in saving the life of the patients. Objective: To determine the frequency of various pre-hospital factors causing delay among patients presenting with STEMI in the emergency department of a teaching hospital. Methods: This is a descriptive observational study conducted at the Cardiology Department, Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology (RIC), Rawalpindi from March to August 2019. A total of 142 patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) to the Emergency Department (ED) of RIC were enrolled. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were reviewed for confirmation of STEMI and find the type of MI. Echo-cardiography was done to find out the ejection fraction (EF) of the left ventricle. Type of reperfusion therapy either thrombolytic therapy or primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), time of symptom onset, and time of presentation in ED of RIC were noted.  Patients were divided into four major groups depending upon the possible factors for delayed presentation: 1) Misinterpretation of symptoms, 2) Ignorance Of reporting urgently or waiting for symptoms to resolve, 3) Transportation problem and 4) First presentational facility where thrombolytic unavailable. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v.23.0 (IBM, Armonk, U.S.). Results: The mean age was 53.2(SD=15.5). Out of 142 patients, most of them were males 130(91.5%). In our study, the majority 46.5% had a primary level of education.  Transportation problems were the main reason for delayed presentation accounting for 45(34.5%), followed by misinterpretation of symptoms 40(28.2%), patients first presented at a facility where thrombolytic therapy was unavailable 27(19%) and patients were either ignorant of reporting urgently to a hospital or they waited for symptoms to resolve 26(18.3%). There was a significant difference in point of the first consultation, MI type, and time duration of delayed presentation among groups (P 〈 .05). Conclusion: Transportation problems and misinterpretation of symptoms are the main reasons for the delay in getting reperfusion treatment for ST-elevation MI. Providing better primary care facilities available to rural areas as well as targeted awareness campaigns will greatly help in this regard.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2709-2798 , 2709-278X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v5i1
    DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v5i1.261
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: CrossLinks International Publishers
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efficacy and Safety Profile of Lenalidomide vs Lenalidomide + R-CHOP in patients with Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma: A Systematic Review : Lenalidomide vs Lenalidomide + R-CHOP
    CrossLinks International Publishers ; 2023
    In:  Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences ( 2023-08-31)
    Details
    In: Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences, CrossLinks International Publishers, ( 2023-08-31)
    Abstract: The most frequent cause of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which accounts for around one-third of cases, is diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Immune chemotherapy combined with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) is the standard therapy for DLBCL. Objective: To analysing the utilization of Lenalidomide versus Lenalidomide R-CHOP regimen in treatment of DLBCL in terms of treatment efficacy and safety. Methods: PRISMA guidelines were followed for conducting this study. A thorough literature search was done from November 15 to November 25, 2022. A variety of databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and other, were used to conduct the literature search. Finally, for this systematic review, 10 studies were chosen. Results: In our study the monotherapy with Lenalidomide was found less significant in terms of improvement in Overall response rate, complete response among patients with DLBCL. However; Lenalidomide + R-CHOP was more effective in improving overall response rate (ORR) with ORR of 92.89% vs 30.58% and complete response rate (CRR) of 80.20% vs 12.53%. The partial response rate (PR) was comparable between two therapies.  similarly, the Progression free survival was also better in combination therapy. Haematological and Non-Hematological adverse effects of grade 〉 3 were found higher among patients with combination therapy and Neutropenia was commonly observed adverse effect. Conclusions: Combination therapy was associated with significant improvement in disease outcome, however; the adverse effects were reported high in combination therapy vs monotherapy.  
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2790-9352 , 2790-9344
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.54393/pjhs.v4i08
    DOI: 10.54393/pjhs.v4i08.947
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: CrossLinks International Publishers
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mucormycosis In COVID-19: Does It Even Exist : Mucormycosis in COVID-19: Does it Even Exist
    CrossLinks International Publishers ; 2022
    In:  Pakistan BioMedical Journal Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2022-03-19), p. 323-325
    Details
    In: Pakistan BioMedical Journal, CrossLinks International Publishers, Vol. 5, No. 1 ( 2022-03-19), p. 323-325
    Abstract: The WHO named the COVID-19 epidemic, which was caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. Doctors noted an increase in incidences of Mucormycosis towards the beginning of May 2020. Case Presentation: A 48-year-old female patient complained of fever, body aches, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and no weakness or numbness. A chest x-ray revealed bilateral pneumonia. Treatment with steroids, antibiotics, remdesivir and anticoagulation was initiated. Patient was diagnosed with sinusitis with right orbital cellulitis, moderated proptosis and frank osseous erosions. Concomitantly patient developed a scrapable black eschar on the upper palate. Patient further underwent FESS surgery of the maxillary sinuses of both sides. Patient was sent home after an appreciable recovery and put on a close follow up list. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus sufferers are particularly susceptible to this fungus's deadly effects. For individuals with mucromycosis, swift and precise diagnostic facilities, medical aid and a speedy yet coordinated response are all recommended.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2709-2798 , 2709-278X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v5i1
    DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v5i1.296
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: CrossLinks International Publishers
    Publication Date: 2022
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
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