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  • Copernicus GmbH  (75)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Asian dust storm observed at a rural mountain site in southern China: chemical evolution and heterogeneous photochemistry
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2012
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 12, No. 24 ( 2012-12-17), p. 11985-11995
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 12, No. 24 ( 2012-12-17), p. 11985-11995
    Abstract: Abstract. Heterogeneous processes on dust particles are important for understanding the chemistry and radiative balance of the atmosphere. This paper investigates an intense Asian dust storm episode observed at Mount Heng (1269 m a.s.l.) in southern China on 24–26 April 2009. A set of aerosol and trace gas data collected during the study was analyzed to investigate their chemical evolution and heterogeneous photochemistry as the dust traveled to southern China. Results show that the mineral dust arriving at Mt. Heng experienced significant modifications during transport, with large enrichments in secondary species (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) compared with the dust composition collected at an upwind mountain top site (Mount Hua). A photochemical age "clock" (−Log10(NOx/NOy)) was employed to quantify the atmospheric processing time. The result indicates an obvious increase in the abundance of secondary water-soluble ions in dust particles with the air mass atmospheric processing time. Based on the observations, a 4-stage evolution process is proposed for carbonate-containing Asian dust, starting from fresh dust to particles coated with hydrophilic and acidic materials. Daytime-enhanced nitrite formation on the dust particles was also observed, which indicates the recent laboratory result of the TiO2 photocatalysis of NO2 as a potential source of nitrite and nitrous acid.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-12-11985-2012
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    STUDY ON THE QUALITY CONTROL METHODS OF CLUSTER-BASED REMOTE SENSING IMAGE PROCESSING
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2013
    In:  The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences Vol. XL-2/W1 ( 2013-05-13), p. 31-34
    Details
    In: The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. XL-2/W1 ( 2013-05-13), p. 31-34
    Abstract: Abstract. Along with the advances in technology, modern surveying technology developed rapidly, a series of high-tech equipments have been invited and developed. A lot of cluster-based Remote Sensing image processing systems, at home or abroad, have been produced and used in production, such as PixelFactory, PixelGrid, CIPS etc. Been popularized and used, processing technology and procedure have changed to be different from the old pattern, and traditional ways of quality control no longer meet the need of new technology. Above all, it is of vital importance for us to find new ways of procedure quality control for the geographical spatial data quality certification under new technology system. Based on the mainstream image fast processing systems – PixelFactory and PixelGrid, the nodes and methods of quality control during image processing will be studied in this paper, including image preprocessing, AT, DSM, DEM, ortho-rectification, mosaic etc. After that, the feasibility of quality control ways proposed will be verified by actual production project. All the advices can be used as references for large-scale application of new technology in information surveying system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2194-9034
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-2-W1-31-2013
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2874092-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    N〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O fluxes from the littoral zone of a Chinese reservoir
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2015
    In:  Biogeosciences Vol. 12, No. 15 ( 2015-08-06), p. 4711-4723
    Details
    In: Biogeosciences, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 12, No. 15 ( 2015-08-06), p. 4711-4723
    Abstract: Abstract. There have been few studies of greenhouse gas emissions from reservoirs, despite the remarkable growth in the number of reservoirs in developing countries. We report a case study that focuses on the littoral zone of a major Chinese reservoir, where we established measurements of N2O fluxes using the static chamber technique at five different water levels (deep water, shallow water, seasonally flooded, control for seasonally flooded, and non-flooded). The "control for seasonal flooded" had similar vegetation to the "seasonally flooded" but was not actually flooded as it was on a higher piece of land. Seasonal, diurnal and spatial variations of N2O flux and environmental factors were monitored throughout the growing season which included a flood event during summer rains. The N2O flux ranged from −136.6 to 381.8 μg m−2 h−1 averaging 6.8 μg m−2 h−1. Seasonal and spatial variation was significant but diurnal variation was not. Non-flooded dry land emitted more N2O than flooded land, no matter whether it was permanently or seasonally flooded. Piecewise correlation was found between N2O flux, air temperature and soil nitrate concentration. Positive correlation was shown between N2O flux and dissolved oxygen in water. There were significantly higher emissions from farmland. We compared these results with our recently published study of CH4 emissions, carried out simultaneously at the same site as those in the present study. Completely different patterns between the two gases are demonstrated. We conclude that the littoral zone is a hotspot for N2O emissions in the summer, especially when the shores of the lake are used for the farming of maize. But in terms of the overall greenhouse gas budget, the fluxes of N2O are not as important as those of CH4.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1726-4189
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-12-4711-2015
    DOI: 10.5194/bg-12-4711-2015-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2158181-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Observation of the Fermi pulsar catalog at TeV energies with the Tibet air shower experiment
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2011
    In:  Astrophysics and Space Sciences Transactions Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2011-06-20), p. 211-215
    Details
    In: Astrophysics and Space Sciences Transactions, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2011-06-20), p. 211-215
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1810-6536
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/astra-7-211-2011
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2173308-9
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Cosmic-ray energy spectrum around the knee observed with the Tibet air-shower experiment
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2011
    In:  Astrophysics and Space Sciences Transactions Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2011-01-19), p. 15-20
    Details
    In: Astrophysics and Space Sciences Transactions, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2011-01-19), p. 15-20
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1810-6536
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/astra-7-15-2011
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2173308-9
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of in situ measurements of atmospheric carbon monoxide at Mount Waliguan, China
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2011
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2011-06-01), p. 5195-5206
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2011-06-01), p. 5195-5206
    Abstract: Abstract. Quasicontinuous measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) recorded over three years at Mount Waliguan (WLG), a global baseline station in remote western China, were examined using back trajectory analysis. The data include a revision to correct the working reference scale to the WMO2000 scale and corrections for drift in the reference gases. Between July 2004 and June 2007, CO exhibited large fluctuations and the 5 %, 50 % and 95 %-percentiles of relevant CO mixing ratios were 102 ppb, 126 ppb and 194 ppb. Approximately 50 % of all observed data were selected as CO background data using a mathematical procedure of robust local regression, with the remainder affected by regional-scale pollution. The monthly mean background CO mixing ratios showed a minimum in summer and a maximum in late winter, although all seasons were affected by short-term enhancements that exceeded background levels. The CO data were compared to values observed at the high alpine research station at Jungfraujoch, Switzerland. Smaller seasonal amplitudes were observed at WLG compared to the Jungfraujoch due to lower winter and spring CO levels, however, episodic enhancements of polluted air were greater at WLG. The air parcels arriving at WLG came predominately from the west, except in summer when advection from the east and southeast prevailed. Transport from the east or southeast typically brought polluted air to the site, having passed over populated urban areas upwind. A large number of elevated CO mixing ratios could also be associated with advection from the northwest of WLG via the central Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) and the Ge'ermu urban area where growing industrial activities as well as crops residue burning provide sources of CO. Air masses passing over northwestern Gansu were associated with relatively high CO values suggesting an anthropogenic influence, which was likely due to anthropogenic emissions from northwestern China (based on back-trajectory and potential source contribution analysis and on the INTEX-B: intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-Phase B). Background conditions were observed most frequently in air parcels from remote Tibet west of WLG. The probability that air parcels pass over regions of clean or polluted regions was further identified using potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-5195-2011
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Radiative forcing of the direct aerosol effect from AeroCom Phase II simulations
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2013
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2013-02-19), p. 1853-1877
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2013-02-19), p. 1853-1877
    Abstract: Abstract. We report on the AeroCom Phase II direct aerosol effect (DAE) experiment where 16 detailed global aerosol models have been used to simulate the changes in the aerosol distribution over the industrial era. All 16 models have estimated the radiative forcing (RF) of the anthropogenic DAE, and have taken into account anthropogenic sulphate, black carbon (BC) and organic aerosols (OA) from fossil fuel, biofuel, and biomass burning emissions. In addition several models have simulated the DAE of anthropogenic nitrate and anthropogenic influenced secondary organic aerosols (SOA). The model simulated all-sky RF of the DAE from total anthropogenic aerosols has a range from −0.58 to −0.02 Wm−2, with a mean of −0.27 Wm−2 for the 16 models. Several models did not include nitrate or SOA and modifying the estimate by accounting for this with information from the other AeroCom models reduces the range and slightly strengthens the mean. Modifying the model estimates for missing aerosol components and for the time period 1750 to 2010 results in a mean RF for the DAE of −0.35 Wm−2. Compared to AeroCom Phase I (Schulz et al., 2006) we find very similar spreads in both total DAE and aerosol component RF. However, the RF of the total DAE is stronger negative and RF from BC from fossil fuel and biofuel emissions are stronger positive in the present study than in the previous AeroCom study. We find a tendency for models having a strong (positive) BC RF to also have strong (negative) sulphate or OA RF. This relationship leads to smaller uncertainty in the total RF of the DAE compared to the RF of the sum of the individual aerosol components. The spread in results for the individual aerosol components is substantial, and can be divided into diversities in burden, mass extinction coefficient (MEC), and normalized RF with respect to AOD. We find that these three factors give similar contributions to the spread in results.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-1853-2013
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-1853-2013-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    First results of low frequency electromagnetic wave detector of TC-2/Double Star program
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2005
    In:  Annales Geophysicae Vol. 23, No. 8 ( 2005-11-08), p. 2803-2811
    Details
    In: Annales Geophysicae, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 23, No. 8 ( 2005-11-08), p. 2803-2811
    Abstract: Abstract. LFEW is a low frequency electromagnetic wave detector mounted on TC-2, which can measure the magnetic fluctuation of low frequency electromagnetic waves. The frequency range is 8 Hz to 10 kHz. LFEW comprises a boom-mounted, three-axis search coil magnetometer, a preamplifier and an electronics box that houses a Digital Spectrum Analyzer. LFEW was calibrated at Chambon-la-Forêt in France. The ground calibration results show that the performance of LFEW is similar to that of STAFF on TC-1. The first results of LFEW show that it works normally on board, and that the AC magnetic interference of the satellite platform is very small. In the plasmasphere, LFEW observed the ion cyclotron waves. During the geomagnetic storm on 8 November 2004, LFEW observed a wave burst associated with the oxygen ion cyclotron waves. This observation shows that during geomagnetic storms, the oxygen ions are very active in the inner magnetosphere. Outside the plasmasphere, LFEW observed the chorus on 3 November 2004. LFEW also observed the plasmaspheric hiss and mid-latitude hiss both in the Southern Hemisphere and Northern Hemisphere on 8 November 2004. The hiss in the Southern Hemisphere may be the reflected waves of the hiss in the Northern Hemisphere.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1432-0576
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/angeo-23-2803-2005
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458425-6
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    First long-term study of particle number size distributions and new particle formation events of regional aerosol in the North China Plain
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2011
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2011-02-18), p. 1565-1580
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2011-02-18), p. 1565-1580
    Abstract: Abstract. Atmospheric particle number size distributions (size range 0.003–10 μm) were measured between March 2008 and August 2009 at Shangdianzi (SDZ), a rural research station in the North China Plain. These measurements were made in an attempt to better characterize the tropospheric background aerosol in Northern China. The mean particle number concentrations of the total particle, as well as the nucleation, Aitken, accumulation and coarse mode were determined to be 1.2 ± 0.9 × 104, 3.6 ± 7.9 × 103, 4.4 ± 3.4 × 103, 3.5 ± 2.8 × 103 and 2 ± 3 cm−3, respectively. A general finding was that the particle number concentration was higher during spring compared to the other seasons. The air mass origin had an important effect on the particle number concentration and new particle formation events. Air masses from northwest (i.e. inner Asia) favored the new particle formation events, while air masses from southeast showed the highest particle mass concentration. Significant diurnal variations in particle number were observed, which could be linked to new particle formation events, i.e. gas-to-particle conversion. During particle formation events, the number concentration of the nucleation mode rose up to maximum value of 104 cm−3. New particle formation events were observed on 36% of the effective measurement days. The formation rate ranged from 0.7 to 72.7 cm−3 s−1, with a mean value of 8.0 cm−3 s−1. The value of the nucleation mode growth rate was in the range of 0.3–14.5 nm h−1, with a mean value of 4.3 nm h−1. It was an essential observation that on many occasions the nucleation mode was able to grow into the size of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) within a matter of several hours. Furthermore, the new particle formation was regularly followed by a measurable increase in particle mass concentration and extinction coefficient, indicative of a high abundance of condensable vapors in the atmosphere under study.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-1565-2011
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
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  • 10
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    Ground-level ozone in four Chinese cities: precursors, regional transport and heterogeneous processes
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2014
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 14, No. 23 ( 2014-12-10), p. 13175-13188
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 14, No. 23 ( 2014-12-10), p. 13175-13188
    Abstract: Abstract. We analyzed the measurements of ozone (O3) and its precursors made at rural/suburban sites downwind of four large Chinese cities – Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Lanzhou, to elucidate their pollution characteristics, regional transport, in situ production, and impacts of heterogeneous processes. The same measurement techniques and observation-based model were used to minimize uncertainties in comparison of the results due to difference in methodologies. All four cities suffered from serious O3 pollution but showed different precursor distributions. The model-calculated in situ O3 production rates were compared with the observed change rates to infer the relative contributions of on-site photochemistry and transport. At the rural site downwind of Beijing, export of the well-processed urban plumes contributed to the extremely high O3 levels (up to an hourly value of 286 ppbv), while the O3 pollution observed at suburban sites of Shanghai, Guangzhou and Lanzhou was dominated by intense in situ production. The O3 production was in a volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited regime in both Shanghai and Guangzhou, and a NOx-limited regime in Lanzhou. The key VOC precursors are aromatics and alkenes in Shanghai, and aromatics in Guangzhou. The potential impacts on O3 production of several heterogeneous processes, namely, hydrolysis of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5), uptake of hydro peroxy radical (HO2) on particles and surface reactions of NO2 forming nitrous acid (HONO), were assessed. The analyses indicate the varying and considerable impacts of these processes in different areas of China depending on the atmospheric abundances of aerosol and NOx, and suggest the urgent need to better understand these processes and represent them in photochemical models.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-14-13175-2014
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-14-13175-2014-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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