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  • 1
    In: Genes & Development, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Vol. 31, No. 12 ( 2017-06-15), p. 1212-1227
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0890-9369 , 1549-5477
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467414-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory ; 2003
    In:  Genome Research Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2003-03-01), p. 341-346
    In: Genome Research, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2003-03-01), p. 341-346
    Abstract: Comparative DNA sequence studies between humans and nonhuman primates will be important for understanding the genetic basis of the phenotypic differences between these species. Here we compare ∼27 Mb of human chromosome 21 with chimpanzee DNA sequences identifying 57 genomic rearrangements (deletions and insertions ranging in size from 0.2 to 8.0 kb) between the two species. These rearrangements are distributed along the entire length of chromosome 21, with ∼35% found in genomic intervals encoding genes (genic intervals), and have occurred in the genomes of both humans and chimpanzees. Comparison of ∼9 Mb of human chromosome 21 with orangutan, rhesus macaque, and woolly monkey DNA sequences identified a combined total of 114 genomic rearrangements between humans and nonhuman primates. Analysis of these rearrangements revealed that they are randomly distributed with respect to genic and nongenic intervals and identified one deletion that has likely resulted in the inactivation of a gene (β1,3-galactosyltransferase) in the woolly monkey. Our data show that genomic rearrangements have occurred frequently during primate genome evolution and significantly contribute to the DNA differences between these species. These DNA rearrangements are commonly found in genic intervals, and thus provide natural starting points for focused investigations of qualitative and quantitative gene expression differences between humans and other primates. [Supplemental material is available online at www.genome.org .]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1088-9051 , 1549-5469
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483456-X
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    In: Genome Research, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2004-08), p. 1493-1500
    Abstract: High-density SNP screening of panels of inbred mouse strains has been proposed as a method to accelerate the identification of genes associated with complex biomedical phenotypes. To evaluate the potential of these studies, a more detailed understanding of the fine structure of sequence variation across inbred mouse strains is needed. Here, we use high-density oligonucleotide arrays to discover an extremely dense set of SNPs in 13 classical and two wild-derived inbred strains in five genomic intervals totaling 4.6 Mb of DNA sequence, and then analyze the segmental haplotype structure defined by these high-density SNPs. This analysis reveals segments ranging from 12 to 608 kb in length within which the inbred strains have a simple and distinct phylogenetic relationship with typically two or three clades accounting for the 13 classical strains examined. The phylogenetic relationships among strains change abruptly and unpredictably from segment to segment, and are distinct in each of the five genomic regions examined. The data suggest that at least 12 strains would need to be resequenced for exhaustive SNP discovery in every region of the mouse genome, that ∼97% of the variation among inbred strains is ancestral (between clades) and ∼3% private (within clades), and provides critical insights into the proposed use of panels of inbred strains to identify genes underlying quantitative trait loci.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1088-9051
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483456-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory ; 2000
    In:  Genome Research Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2000-04-01), p. 577-586
    In: Genome Research, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2000-04-01), p. 577-586
    Abstract: PipMaker ( http://bio.cse.psu.edu ) is a World-Wide Web site for comparing two long DNA sequences to identify conserved segments and for producing informative, high-resolution displays of the resulting alignments. One display is a percent identity plot (pip), which shows both the position in one sequence and the degree of similarity for each aligning segment between the two sequences in a compact and easily understandable form. Positions along the horizontal axis can be labeled with features such as exons of genes and repetitive elements, and colors can be used to clarify and enhance the display. The web site also provides a plot of the locations of those segments in both species (similar to a dot plot). PipMaker is appropriate for comparing genomic sequences from any two related species, although the types of information that can be inferred (e.g., protein-coding regions and cis -regulatory elements) depend on the level of conservation and the time and divergence rate since the separation of the species. Gene regulatory elements are often detectable as similar, noncoding sequences in species that diverged as much as 100–300 million years ago, such as humans and mice, Caenorhabditis elegans and C. briggsae , or Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. PipMaker supports analysis of unfinished or “working draft” sequences by permitting one of the two sequences to be in unoriented and unordered contigs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1088-9051 , 1549-5469
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483456-X
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory ; 2012
    In:  Genome Research Vol. 22, No. 9 ( 2012-09), p. 1599-1601
    In: Genome Research, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Vol. 22, No. 9 ( 2012-09), p. 1599-1601
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1088-9051
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483456-X
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  • 6
    In: Genome Research, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 1997-05-01), p. 495-512
    Abstract: With the human genome project advancing into what will be a 7- to 10-year DNA sequencing phase, we are presented with the challenge of developing strategies to convert genomic sequence data, as they become available, into biologically meaningful information. We have analyzed 680 kb of noncontiguous DNA sequence from a 1-Mb region of human chromosome 5q31, coupling computational analysis with gene expression studies of tissues isolated from humans as well as from mice containing human YAC transgenes. This genomic interval has been noted previously for containing the cytokine gene cluster and a quantitative trait locus associated with inflammatory diseases. Our analysis identified and verified expression of 16 new genes, as well as 7 previously known genes. Of the total of 23 genes in this region, 78% had similarity matches to sequences in protein databases and 83% had exact expressed sequence tag (EST) database matches. Comparative mapping studies of eight of the new human genes discovered in the 5q31 region revealed that all are located in the syntenic region of mouse chromosome 11q. Our analysis demonstrates an approach for examining human sequence as it is made available from large sequencing programs and has resulted in the discovery of several biomedically important genes, including a cyclin, a transcription factor that is homologous to an oncogene, a protein involved in DNA repair, and several new members of a family of transporter proteins. [The sequence data described in this paper are available via the internet at http://www-hgc.lbl.gov/sequencearchive.html .]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1088-9051 , 1549-5469
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483456-X
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory ; 2001
    In:  Genome Research Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2001-10-01), p. 1651-1659
    In: Genome Research, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2001-10-01), p. 1651-1659
    Abstract: Comparison of human sequences with the DNA of other mammals is an excellent means of identifying functional elements in the human genome. Here we describe the utility of high-density oligonucleotide arrays as a rapid approach for comparing human sequences with the DNA of multiple species whose sequences are not presently available. High-density arrays representing ∼22.5 Mb of nonrepetitive human chromosome 21 sequence were synthesized and then hybridized with mouse and dog DNA to identify sequences conserved between humans and mice (human–mouse elements) and between humans and dogs (human–dog elements). Our data show that sequence comparison of multiple species provides a powerful empiric method for identifying actively conserved elements in the human genome. A large fraction of these evolutionarily conserved elements are present in regions on chromosome 21 that do not encode known genes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1088-9051 , 1549-5469
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483456-X
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory ; 2000
    In:  Genome Research Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2000-09-01), p. 1304-1306
    In: Genome Research, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2000-09-01), p. 1304-1306
    Abstract: Human and mouse genomic sequence comparisons are being increasingly used to search for evolutionarily conserved gene regulatory elements. Large-scale human–mouse DNA comparison studies have discovered numerous conserved noncoding sequences of which only a fraction has been functionally investigated A question therefore remains as to whether most of these noncoding sequences are conserved because of functional constraints or are the result of a lack of divergence time. [The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank data library under accession nos. AF276990 .]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1088-9051 , 1549-5469
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483456-X
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory ; 2003
    In:  Genome Research Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2003-01-01), p. 1-12
    In: Genome Research, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2003-01-01), p. 1-12
    Abstract: With the availability of whole-genome sequences for an increasing number of species, we are now faced with the challenge of decoding the information contained within these DNA sequences. Comparative analysis of DNA sequences from multiple species at varying evolutionary distances is a powerful approach for identifying coding and functional noncoding sequences, as well as sequences that are unique for a given organism. In this review, we outline the strategy for choosing DNA sequences from different species for comparative analyses and describe the methods used and the resources publicly available for these studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1088-9051 , 1549-5469
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483456-X
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    In: Genome Research, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2004-03), p. 367-372
    Abstract: Cross-species DNA sequence comparison is a fundamental method for identifying biologically important elements, because functional sequences are evolutionarily conserved, wheres nonfunctional sequences drift. A recent genome-wide comparison of human and mouse DNA discovered over 200,000 conserved noncoding sequences with unknown function. Multispecies DNA comparison has been proposed as a method to prioritize these conserved noncoding sequences for functional analysis based on the hypothesis that elements present in many species are more likely to be functional than elements present in limited numbers of species. Here, we perform a comparative analysis of the single-minded 2 ( SIM2 ) gene interval on human chromosome 21 with horse, cow, pig, dog, cat, and mouse DNA. We classify conserved sequences based on the number of mammals in which they are present, and experimentally test sequences in each class for function. As hypothesized, conserved sequences present in many mammals are frequently functional. Additionally, we demonstrate that sequences conserved in a limited number of mammals are also frequently functional. Examination of genomic deletions in chimpanzee and rhesus macaque DNA showed that several putatively functional conserved noncoding human sequences were absent in these primates. These findings suggest that functional conserved noncoding human sequences can be missing in other mammals, even closely related primate species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1088-9051
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483456-X
    SSG: 12
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