Note: Intro -- Preface -- IRICT-2017 Organizing Committee -- Patron -- Honorary Chair -- International Advisory Board -- Conference Chair -- Program Committee Co-chairs -- Secretariat -- Publicity Committee -- Publications Committee -- IT Committee -- Logistic Committee -- Treasure Committee -- Registration Committee -- Sponsorship -- International Technical Committee -- Contents -- Big Data Analysis Techniques and Applications -- Prediction of Financial Distress for Electricity Sectors Using Data Mining -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Models for Predicting Financial Distress and Forecasting Probability of Default -- 2.2 Financial Indicators -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Prediction Performance of Data Mining Techniques -- 3.2 Importance of Financial Indicators -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Predictive Modeling for Dengue Patient's Length of Stay (LoS) Using Big Data Analytics (BDA) -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Big Data -- 2.2 Big Data Analytics in Healthcare -- 2.3 Electronic Medical Records (EMR) System -- 2.4 Hospital Length of Stay (LoS) -- 2.5 Dengue Disease -- 2.6 Related Work -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Data Description -- 3.2 Predictive Modeling -- 3.2.1 Regression Analysis -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Statistics and Descriptive Analyses -- 5 Conclusions and Future Works -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Experimental Performance Analysis of B+-Trees with Big Data Indexing Potentials -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Experimental Metrics -- 2.2 Experimental Setup -- 2.3 Querying the B+-Tree -- 3 Experimental Results and Discussions -- 3.1 Results Presentations -- 3.2 Discussions -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- A Proposed Methodology for Integrating Oil and Gas Data Using Semantic Big Data Technology -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 2.1 Big Data and the Semantic Web. , 3 Proposed Framework -- 4 Result -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Molecular Similarity Searching with Different Similarity Coefficients and Different Molecular Descriptors -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 State of the Art -- 3 Concept and Method -- 3.1 Similarity Measure -- 4 Experimental Design -- 5 Results -- 6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Classification of Arabic Writer Based on Clustering Techniques -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Dataset -- 4 Methodology -- 4.1 Pre-processing -- 4.2 Connected-Components -- 4.3 Feature Extraction -- 4.4 Feature Combination -- 4.5 Clustering (Classification) -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Data Pre-processing Techniques for Publication Performance Analysis -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Studies -- 2.1 Research Performance Measurement -- 2.2 Data Pre-processing -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 3.1 Datasets -- 3.2 Data Pre-processing Approach -- 4 Results and Discussions -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Data Mining Techniques: A Systematic Mapping Review -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Research Questions -- 3.2 Literature Search -- 3.3 Study Selection -- 3.4 Data Extraction -- 3.5 Validity -- 4 Results -- 4.1 RQ-1: What Are the Major Methods for Conducting Web Data Mining? -- 4.2 RQ-2: Which Topics in Web Data Mining Are Covered? -- 4.3 RQ-3: When and Where Were the Studies Published? -- 4.4 RQ-4: How Were Studies Performed in Terms of Visualization of the Results? -- 5 Discussion -- 5.1 Data Warehousing -- 5.2 Hyperlinks -- 5.3 Web Mining -- 6 Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- A Comprehensive Study on Opinion Mining Features and Their Applications -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis. , 2 Features of Reviews, Reviewers, Group of Reviewers and Target -- 3 Linguistic Features -- 4 Structural Features -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Mobile Networks, Applications and Usability -- Adaptive Hybrid Geo-casting Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad hoc Networks -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Performance Evaluation -- 4.1 Simulation Overview -- 4.2 Simulation Result -- 4.2.1 Effect of Moving Speed -- 4.2.2 Effect of Data Traffic Loads -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- What Makes Older People Want to Use Mobile Devices? -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Older People -- 3 Mobile Devices and Factors of Usages -- 4 Methodology -- 4.1 Interview Questions -- 4.2 Data Analysis -- 4.3 Demographic of Participants -- 5 Findings and Discussions -- 5.1 Mobile Device Design -- 5.2 Mobile Device Functions -- 5.3 Social Inspiration -- 5.4 Economical -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Mobile Augmented Reality Tourism Application Framework -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Requirements Pyramid Model -- 2.2 User Requirements -- 2.3 Functional Requirements -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Awareness of Problem -- 3.2 Suggestion -- 3.3 Evaluation -- 3.4 Development -- 4 Findings -- 5 Mobile Augmented Reality Tourism Application Framework -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Motion Artifact Reduction Algorithm Using Sequential Adaptive Noise Filters and Estimation Methods for Mobile ECG -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Proposed Algorithm -- 3 Experimental Results and Discussions -- 4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Concerning Matters of Mobile Device Usage Among Older People -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Older People -- 3 Mobile Devices and Older People -- 3.1 Concerning Matters (Effects) -- 4 Methodology -- 5 Findings and Discussions -- 5.1 Addictions. , 5.2 Relationship Between Human -- 5.3 Misuse -- 5.4 Learning Tool -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Adaptive Memory Size Based Fuzzy Control for Mobile Pedestrian Navigation -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Concept of Single Distribution Resampling -- 3 Adaptive Memory Size-Based Fuzzy Control -- 4 Experiment Result -- 5 Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Research -- References -- Extraction of Common Concepts for the Mobile Forensics Domain -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Method -- 3.1 Models Collection -- 3.2 Concepts Extraction -- 3.3 Common Concepts Selection -- 3.4 Designation of Common Concepts -- 4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Revisiting the Usability of Smartphone User Interface for Elderly Users -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 The Preliminary Study -- 3.1 Study Objective -- 3.2 Method -- 4 Results and Discussions -- 4.1 Usability Issues -- 4.2 Beyond Usability Metrics -- 4.2.1 Different Users' Trends When Using Smartphone -- 4.2.2 User Experience with the Smartphone -- 4.3 Implications of the Study's Findings -- 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Taguchi Methods for Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol Performances Improvement in VANETs -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Taguchi Method -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Two Stage Integration of GPS, Kinematic Information, and Cooperative Awareness Messages Using Cascaded Kalman Filters -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Proposed Algorithm (GPS/DR/V2V) -- 2.1 GPS/DR Fusion Algorithm -- 2.2 GPS/DR/V2V Fusion Algorithm -- 3 Results and Discussions -- 4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Modeling of GPS Ionospheric Scintillation Using Nonlinear Regression Technique -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Experimental Setup. , 3 Method -- 4 Mathematical Model of S4 -- 5 Investigation of the Mathematical Model -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Hybrid LTE-VANETs Based Optimal Radio Access Selection -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 2.1 Infrastructure Vehicular Connectivity -- 2.2 Multi-channel Access -- 2.3 DSRC/IEEE 802.11p -- 3 Proposed Method -- 4 Performance Evaluations -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Reliable Communication Systems -- Optimization of B-MAC Protocol for Multi-scenario WSN by Differential Evolution Algorithm -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Differential Evolution Algorithm -- 4 Proposed Framework -- 5 Result and Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Power Consumption Optimization Based on B-MAC Protocol for Multi-Scenario WSN by Taguchi Method -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Taguchi Method -- 3.1 Planning Phase -- 3.2 Experimental Phase -- 3.3 Analysis Phase -- 3.4 Validation Experiments -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Modelling and Control of a Non-linear Inverted Pendulum Using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Controller -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Mathematical Model -- 3 ANFIS Controller -- 4 Simulation Results -- 5 Comparison with Sugeno FIS -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Adapted WLAN Fingerprint Indoor Positioning System (IPS) Based on User Orientations -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Related Works -- 4 Methodology -- 5 Experiments -- 6 Result and Discussion -- 7 Conclusion and Future Work -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Performance Analysis of the Impact of Design Parameters to Network-on-Chip (NoC) Architecture -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Parameters Affected Network-on-Chip (NoC) Performance -- 4 Routing Algorithm -- 5 Performance Evaluation -- 6 Conclusion -- References. , A Comparative Review of Adaptive Routing Approach for Network-on-Chip Router Architecture.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Editorial -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Digital Business Transformation -- Towards Algorithmic Business: A Paradigm Shift in Digital Business -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Emergence of Algorithms in Business -- 3 Digital to Algorithmic Transformation -- 4 Deployment Strategies of IoT -- 5 Business Algorithms -- 5.1 Google's Algorithms -- 5.2 Amazon's Algorithm -- 5.3 Face Book's News Feed Algorithm -- 6 Applications -- 6.1 Manufacturing Industries -- 6.2 Health Care Industries -- 6.3 Smart Products -- 6.4 Retail and E-Commerce Industries -- 6.5 Smart Cities -- 6.6 Education Industries -- 6.7 Airline Industry -- 6.8 Human Resources -- 6.9 Transportation -- 6.10 Stock Trading -- 7 Challenges -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- A Decentralized Business Ecosystem Model for Complex Products -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background and Methodology -- 2.1 Business Ecosystems -- 2.2 Methodology -- 3 Overall Objectives -- 3.1 Complex Product Scenarios -- 3.2 Business Goals -- 3.3 Requirements -- 4 Related Work -- 5 Outlining a Decentralized Business Ecosystem for Complex Products -- 5.1 Model and Concept -- 5.2 Ecosystem Structure -- 6 Ecosystem Architecture -- 6.1 High-Level Overview -- 6.2 Peer Application -- 6.3 Decentralized Market Space (DMS) -- 6.4 Inner Workings: Transaction Process for Complex Products -- 6.5 Demonstrator -- 7 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Compliance Management in Business Processes -- 1 Introduction or Overview -- 2 Compliance Management-Concepts and Terminology -- 3 Case Study -- 4 The Compliance Management Lifecycle -- 4.1 Elicitation -- 4.2 Formalization (Specification) -- 4.3 Implementation -- 4.4 Supervision -- 4.5 Improvement -- 5 Compliance Monitoring Functionalities (CMFs) -- 6 Challenges -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Cloud Computing. , Sustainable Cloud Computing Realization for Different Applications: A Manifesto -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sustainable Cloud Computing: Architecture -- 3 State-of-the-Art: Application Management -- 4 Taxonomy of Application Management for Sustainable Cloud Computing -- 4.1 QoS Parameter -- 4.2 Application Parameters -- 4.3 Application Scheduling -- 4.4 Application Category -- 4.5 Application Domain -- 4.6 Resource Administration -- 4.7 Coordination -- 4.8 Application Model -- 5 Gap Analysis and Future Research Directions -- 5.1 Application Modeling -- 5.2 Resource Management -- 5.3 Energy Efficiency -- 5.4 Reliability and Fault Tolerance -- 5.5 Security and Privacy -- 5.6 Scalability -- 5.7 Latency -- 5.8 Data Management -- 5.9 Auditing -- 5.10 New Technological Developments -- 6 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Auction Based Scheme for Resource Allotment in Cloud Computing -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 2.1 A Taxonomy of Market Technical Aspects -- 2.2 Auction Theory -- 3 Market-Based Resource Management Model -- 4 Objective and Design of Proposed Algorithm -- 4.1 Architecture of Cloud -- 4.2 Proposed Resource Allocation Algorithm -- 4.3 Simulation Parameters -- 5 Result and Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- Appendix: Flow Chart of the Proposed Auction Algorithm -- References -- M-Cloud Computing Based Agriculture Management System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem in Agriculture -- 2.1 Linkage Problems -- 2.2 Weather Information -- 2.3 Transportation and Infrastructure -- 2.4 Agriculture Marketing -- 2.5 Credit Facilities -- 2.6 Storage of Food Grains -- 3 Cloud Computing -- 4 Agriculture with M-Cloud Computing -- 4.1 Crop Disease Identification Management -- 4.2 Smarter Agricultural Practices -- 4.3 Supporting Vegetable and Crop Production -- 5 M-Cloud Computing with Big Data -- 6 Advantages of M-Cloud Computing in Agriculture -- 7 Conclusion. , References -- IOT & -- Mobility -- Detection and Analysis of Drowsiness in Human Beings Using Multimodal Signals -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Proposed Work -- 3.1 Databases -- 3.2 Drowsiness Detection -- 3.3 EEG Signal Classification -- 3.4 SVM Classifier -- 3.5 Yawning Detection -- 4 Results and Conclusion -- 4.1 Using EEG Signals -- 4.2 Using Video Signals -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Enhancing Security and Privacy in Enterprises Network by Using Biometrics Technologies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Inter-entreprises Cooperation -- 3 Interest of Business Networks -- 3.1 Business Networks and Internet Worldwide -- 3.2 Sensitive Business Information -- 4 Information Security and Privacy -- 4.1 Cryptography Process -- 4.2 Biometrics Process -- 4.3 Crypto-Biometric Security System -- 5 Crypto-Biometric Based EN Security -- 6 Proposed Security Solution for Enterprises Information -- 6.1 Preliminary -- 6.2 Encryption and Key Embedded Process -- 6.3 Decryption and Key Retrieval Process -- 7 Experimental Setup -- 8 Security Analysis -- 8.1 Unimodal Biometric Cryptosystem -- 8.2 Multimodal Biometric Cryptosystem -- 9 Conclusion and Further Works -- References -- Lightweight Context-Based Web-Service Composition Model for Mobile Devices -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Overview -- 3.1 Parts of Speech (POS) Tagging -- 3.2 Markov Chain Probabilistic Model -- 3.3 Trie Data Structure -- 4 Methodology and Implementation -- 4.1 Get Natural Language Query from the User -- 4.2 Preparing the Corpus -- 4.3 Framing Sample Sentences -- 4.4 Using Markov Chain Probabilistic Model -- 4.5 Identifying Service Names from the Sentence -- 4.6 API's and Libraries Used in Web Service -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 6 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- On Weighted Extended Cumulative Residual Entropy of k-th Upper Record -- 1 Introduction. , 2 WECREn and Its Dynamic Form -- 3 Characterization Results -- 4 Empirical Approach -- 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Impact of Mobility in IoT Devices for Healthcare -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Research Description -- 1.2 Extent amp Objectives of the Research -- 1.3 Significance of the Research -- 1.4 Applications of the Research -- 2 Literature Survey -- 3 Problem Statement for Impacts of Mobility in IoT Devices for Healthcare -- 3.1 Difficulties Which Impact of Mobility in IOT Devices for Healthcare Sector -- 3.2 Existing System Scenarios -- 3.3 Disadvantages of Existing System -- 3.4 Proposed System -- 3.5 Advantages of Proposed System -- 4 System Security Standards -- 5 Security Healthcare Challenges -- 6 Mobility Issues -- 7 System Design -- 8 Performance Analysis -- 9 Disadvantages in Traditional Method -- 10 Conclusion -- 11 Future Work -- Bibliography -- Multiple Mobile Elements Based Energy Efficient Data Gathering Technique in Wireless Sensor Networks -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Practical Understanding of Unresolved Issues -- 3.1 Motivation -- 4 Proposed Solution -- 4.1 Overview of the Proposed Work EEDGMME -- 4.2 Detailed Explanation of Inclusive Algorithms -- 5 Simulation Experiments -- 5.1 Simulation Model for EEDG and EEDGMME Techniques -- 5.2 Performance Metrics -- 5.3 Performance Analysis of EEDGMME and EEDG Techniques -- 5.4 Comparative Performance Analysis -- 6 Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Information Management & -- Social Media -- Online Social Communities -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Types of Social Communities -- 3 Evolution of Technology for ONSC -- 4 Online Social Community -- 4.1 Pre-requisite for ONSC -- 4.2 Types of ONSC -- 5 Online Social Community Management -- 5.1 User Acquisition Factor -- 5.2 User Engagement Factor -- 5.3 User Retention Factors -- 5.4 ONSC and User's Perspective. , 5.5 Recommender Systems from ONSC -- 5.6 ONSC User Engagement Tools -- 6 ONSC Structure Detection -- 6.1 Detection of Communities in Static Networks -- 6.2 Detection of Communities in Dynamic Networks -- 7 Applications -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- The 'Verticals', 'Horizontals', and 'Diagonals' in Organisational Communication: Developing Models to Mitigate Communication Barriers Through Social Media Applications -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Review of Literature -- 2.1 History of Communication Skills -- 2.2 New Capitalism: Services Sector and Linguistic Requirements -- 2.3 Rhetorics of Communication and Workplace Demands -- 3 Communication Model and the Channels: A Brief Review -- 3.1 The Model of Communication -- 3.2 Communication Flows -- 3.3 Barriers to Communication -- 4 New Technologies for Communication -- 4.1 Technologisation of Communication -- 4.2 Capitalising Social Tools as an Organisational Discourse -- 5 Social Tools -- 6 Conclusion: Scope, Limitations, and Future Directions -- References -- Subjective Interestingness in Association Rule Mining: A Theoretical Analysis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Knowledge Discovery in Databases -- 2.1 Association Rule Mining -- 3 Interestingness -- 3.1 Objective Interestingness -- 3.2 Subjective Interestingness -- 4 Classification Framework for Subjective Interestingness -- 5 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Identifying Sentiment of Malayalam Tweets Using Deep Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 3.1 Support Vector Machines -- 3.2 Random Mapping: Random Kitchen Sink Method -- 3.3 Regularized Least Square Method for Classification (RLSC) -- 3.4 Deep Learning Methods-CNN, LSTM -- 4 Experimental Setup -- 4.1 Dataset Description -- 4.2 Preprocessing -- 4.3 Models -- 4.4 Evaluation -- 5 Result and Analysis -- 6 Conclusion -- References. , Twitter Based Sentiment Analysis of GST Implementation by Indian Government.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Members of Review Board -- The Nature of Nature: Why Nature-Inspired Algorithms Work -- 1 Introduction: How Nature Works -- 2 The Nature of Nature -- 2.1 Fitness Landscape -- 2.2 Graphs and Phase Changes -- 3 Nature-Inspired Algorithms -- 3.1 Genetic Algorithm -- 3.2 Ant Colony Optimization -- 3.3 Simulated Annealing -- 3.4 Convergence -- 4 Dual-Phase Evolution -- 4.1 Theory -- 4.2 GA -- 4.3 Ant Colony Optimization -- 4.4 Simulated Annealing -- 5 Evolutionary Dynamics -- 5.1 Markov Chain Models -- 5.2 The Replicator Equation -- 6 Generalized Local Search Machines -- 6.1 The Model -- 6.2 SA -- 6.3 GA -- 6.4 ACO -- 6.5 Discussion -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Multimodal Function Optimization Using an Improved Bat Algorithm in Noise-Free and Noisy Environments -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Improved Bat Algorithm -- 3 IBA for Multimodal Problems -- 3.1 Parameter Settings -- 3.2 Test Functions -- 3.3 Numerical Results -- 4 Performance Comparison of IBA with Other Algorithms -- 5 IBA Performance in AWGN -- 5.1 Numerical Results -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Multi-objective Ant Colony Optimisation in Wireless Sensor Networks -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Multi-objective Combinatorial Optimisation Problems -- 2.1 Combinatorial Optimisation Problems -- 2.2 Multi-objective Combinatorial Optimisation Problems -- 2.3 Pareto Optimality -- 2.4 Decision-Making -- 2.5 Solving Combinatorial Optimisation Problems -- 3 Multi-objective Ant Colony Optimisation -- 3.1 Origins -- 3.2 Multi-objective Ant Colony Optimisation -- 4 Applications of MOACO Algorithms in WSNs -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Generating the Training Plans Based on Existing Sports Activities Using Swarm Intelligence -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Artificial Sports Trainer -- 3 Generating the Training Plans -- 3.1 Preprocessing -- 3.2 Optimization Process. , 4 Experiments -- 5 Conclusion with Future Ideas -- References -- Limiting Distribution and Mixing Time for Genetic Algorithms -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 2.1 Random Search and Markov Chains -- 2.2 Boltzmann Distribution and Simulated Annealing -- 3 Expected Hitting Time as a Means of Comparison -- 3.1 ``No Free Lunch'' Considerations -- 4 The Holland Genetic Algorithm -- 5 A Simple Genetic Algorithm -- 6 Shuffle-Bit GA -- 6.1 Results -- 6.2 Estimate of Expected Hitting Time -- 7 Discussion and Future Work -- References -- Permutation Problems, Genetic Algorithms, and Dynamic Representations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Descriptions -- 2.1 Bin Packing Problem -- 2.2 Graph Colouring Problem -- 2.3 Travelling Salesman Problem -- 3 Previous Work on Small Travelling Salesman Problem Instances -- 4 Algorithms -- 4.1 2-Opt -- 4.2 Lin--Kernighan -- 4.3 Genetic Algorithm Variations -- 4.4 Representation -- 5 Experimental Design -- 5.1 Bin Packing Problem -- 5.2 Graph Colouring Problem -- 5.3 Travelling Salesman Problem -- 6 Results and Discussion -- 6.1 Bin Packing Problem -- 6.2 Graph Colouring Problem -- 6.3 Travelling Salesman Problem -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Hybridization of the Flower Pollination Algorithm---A Case Study in the Problem of Generating Healthy Nutritional Meals for Older Adults -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Optimization Problems -- 2.2 Meta-Heuristic Algorithms -- 3 Literature Review -- 4 Problem Definition -- 4.1 Search Space and Solution Representation -- 4.2 Fitness Function -- 4.3 Constraints -- 5 Hybridizing the Flower Pollination Algorithm for Generating Personalized Menu Recommendations -- 5.1 Hybrid Flower Pollination-Based Model -- 5.2 Flower Pollination-Based Algorithms for Generating Personalized Menu Recommendations. , 5.3 The Iterative Stage of the Hybrid Flower Pollination-Based Algorithm for Generating Healthy Menu Recommendations -- 6 Performance Evaluation -- 6.1 Experimental Prototype -- 6.2 Test Scenarios -- 6.3 Setting the Optimal Values of the Algorithms' Adjustable Parameters -- 6.4 Comparison Between the Classical and Hybrid Flower Pollination-Based Algorithms -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Nature-inspired Algorithm-based Optimization for Beamforming of Linear Antenna Array System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Formulation -- 3 Flower Pollination Algorithm [55] -- 3.1 Global Pollination: -- 3.2 Local Pollination: -- 3.3 Pseudo-code for FPA: -- 4 Simulation Results -- 4.1 Optimization of Hyper-Beam by Using FPA -- 4.2 Comparisons of Accuracies Based on t test -- 5 Convergence Characteristics of Different Algorithms -- 6 Conclusion -- 7 Future Research Topics -- References -- Multi-Agent Optimization of Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem Using Nature-Inspired Computing -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Multi-agent System -- 1.2 Scheduling -- 1.3 Nature-Inspired Computing -- 2 Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem -- 3 Various Nature-Inspired Computation Techniques for RCPSP -- 3.1 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) -- 3.2 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for RCPSP -- 3.3 Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) -- 3.4 Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) for RCPSP -- 3.5 Shuffled Frog-Leaping Algorithm (SFLA) -- 3.6 Shuffled Frog-Leaping Algorithm (SFLA) for RCPSP -- 3.7 Multi-objective Invasive Weed Optimization -- 3.8 Multi-objective Invasive Weed Optimization for MRCPSP -- 3.9 Discrete Flower Pollination -- 3.10 Discrete Flower Pollination for RCPSP -- 3.11 Discrete Cuckoo Search -- 3.12 Discrete Cuckoo Search for RCPSP -- 3.13 Multi-agent Optimization Algorithm (MAOA) -- 4 Proposed Approach -- 4.1 RCPSP for Retail Industry. , 4.2 Cooperative Hunting Behaviour of Lion Pride -- 5 A Lion Pride-Inspired Multi-Agent System-Based Approach for RCPSP -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Application of Learning Classifier Systems to Gene Expression Analysis in Synthetic Biology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Learning Classifier Systems: Creating Rules that Describe Systems -- 2.1 Basic Components -- 2.2 Michigan- and Pittsburgh-style LCS -- 3 Examples of LCS -- 3.1 Minimal Classifier Systems -- 3.2 Zeroth-level Classifier Systems -- 3.3 Extended Classifier Systems -- 4 Synthetic Biology: Designing Biological Systems -- 4.1 The Synthetic Biology Design Cycle -- 4.2 Basic Biological Parts -- 4.3 DNA Construction -- 4.4 Future Applications -- 5 Gene Expression Analysis with LCS -- 6 Optimization of Artificial Operon Structure -- 7 Optimization of Artificial Operon Construction by Machine Learning -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Artificial Operon Model -- 7.3 Experimental Framework -- 7.4 Results -- 7.5 Conclusion -- 8 Summary -- References -- Ant Colony Optimization for Semantic Searching of Distributed Dynamic Multiclass Resources -- 1 Introduction -- 2 P2p Search Strategies -- 3 Nature-Inspired Ant Colony Optimization -- 4 Nature-Inspired Strategies in Dynamic Networks -- 4.1 Network Dynamism Inefficiency -- 4.2 Solution Framework -- 4.3 Experimental Evaluation -- 5 Nature-Inspired Strategies of Semantic Nature -- 5.1 Semantic Query Inefficiency -- 5.2 Solution Framework -- 5.3 Experimental Evaluation -- 6 Conclusions and Future Developments -- References -- Adaptive Virtual Topology Control Based on Attractor Selection -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Work -- 3 Attractor Selection -- 3.1 Concept of Attractor Selection -- 3.2 Cell Model -- 3.3 Mathematical Model of Attractor Selection -- 4 Virtual Topology Control Based on Attractor Selection -- 4.1 Virtual Topology Control. , 4.2 Overview of Virtual Topology Control Based on Attractor Selection -- 4.3 Dynamics of Virtual Topology Control -- 4.4 Attractor Structure -- 4.5 Dynamic Reconfiguration of Attractor Structure -- 5 Performance Evaluation -- 5.1 Simulation Conditions -- 5.2 Dynamics of Virtual Topology Control Based on Attractor Selection -- 5.3 Adaptability to Node Failures -- 5.4 Effects of Noise Strength -- 5.5 Effects of Activity -- 5.6 Effects of Reconfiguration Methods of Attractor Structure -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- CBO-Based TDR Approach for Wiring Network Diagnosis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Proposed TDR-CBO-Based Approach -- 2.1 Problem Formulation -- 2.2 The Forward Model -- 2.3 Colliding Bodies Optimization (CBO) -- 3 Applications and Results -- 3.1 The Y-Shaped Wiring Network -- 3.2 The YY-shaped Wiring Network -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Morphological Filters: An Inspiration from Natural Geometrical Erosion and Dilation -- 1 Natural Geometrical Inspired Operators -- 2 Mathematical Morphology -- 2.1 Morphological Filters -- 3 Morphological Operators and Set Theory -- 3.1 Sets and Corresponding Operators -- 3.2 Basic Properties for Morphological Operators -- 3.3 Set Dilation and Erosion -- 3.4 A Geometrical Interpretation of Dilation and Erosion Process -- 3.5 Direct Effect of Edges and Borders on the Erosion and Dilation -- 3.6 Closing and Opening -- 3.7 A Historical Review to Definitions and Notations -- 4 Practical Interpretation of Binary Opening and Closing -- 5 Morphological Operators in Grayscale Domain -- 5.1 Basic Morphological Operators in Multivalued Function Domain -- 5.2 Dilation and Erosion of Multivalued Functions -- 5.3 Two Forms of Presentation for Dilation and Erosion Formula -- 6 Opening and Closing of Multivalued Functions. , 7 Interpretation and Intuitive Understanding of Morphological Filters in Multivalued Function Domain.