Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- 1 General Strategies in Inflammasome Biology -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction: PRRs, PAMPs, and DAMPs -- 2 PRRs as Inflammasome Scaffolds -- 3 Inflammasome Activation Mechanisms -- 3.1 The NLRP3 Inflammasome -- 3.2 The NLRP1 Inflammasome -- 3.3 The NLRC4 Inflammasome -- 3.4 The AIM2 Inflammasome -- 3.5 The Pyrin Inflammasome -- 4 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Structural Mechanisms in NLR Inflammasome Assembly and Signaling -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overviews of NOD-Like Receptors -- 3 Auto-Inhibition Mechanism of NLRC4 -- 4 Mechanism of NAIP-NLRC4 Inflammasome Activation and Assembly -- 5 A Positive Role of the C-Terminal LRR Domain in the Activation of NAIP-NLRC4 Inflammasomes? -- 6 Activation of Other NLR Inflammasomes -- 7 Insights into the Assembly of ASC-Dependent Inflammasomes -- 8 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 3 Salmonella and the Inflammasome: Battle for Intracellular Dominance -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Salmonella -- 1.2 Inflammasomes -- 2 Salmonella and the Immune Cell Inflammasome -- 2.1 Macrophages -- 2.1.1 Naip1-6, hNAIP, and Nlrc4 -- 2.1.2 Nlrp3 and Asc -- 2.1.3 Caspase-11 -- 2.1.4 Other Inflammasomes Involved in Salmonella Detection -- 2.2 Dendritic Cells (DCs) -- 2.3 Neutrophils -- 3 Salmonella and the Intestinal Epithelial Inflammasome -- 4 Inflammasome Evasion by Salmonella -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 4 Activation and Evasion of Inflammasomes by Yersinia -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Evolutionary Relationships Among the Pathogenic Yersinia -- 1.2 Features of Yersinia-Induced Cell Death -- 2 Mechanisms of Yersinia-Induced Cell Death -- 2.1 YopJ-Induced Death via the Extrinsic Apoptosis Pathway -- 2.2 Inflammasome Sensing of Yersinia Infection and Its Evasion by YopK -- 2.3 Evasion of Inflammasome by YopM. , 3 Interactions Between Yersinia and Cell Death Pathways In Vivo -- 3.1 Impact of Yersinia-Induced Cell Death on Pathogenesis and Host Defense -- 3.2 Activation of Cell Death by Yersinia Virulence Factors In Vivo -- 3.3 In Vivo Interactions Between Yersinia and Inflammasome Responses -- 4 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 The Orchestra and Its Maestro: Shigella's Fine-Tuning of the Inflammasome Platforms -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Epithelial Cells -- 3 Macrophages -- 4 Neutrophils -- 5 Dendritic Cells -- 6 Lymphocytes -- 7 Shigella and the Inflammasome-Who's Holding the Conducting Baton? -- References -- 6 Inflammasome Activation by Helicobacter pylori and Its Implications for Persistence and Immunity -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 H. pylori Is a Prime Example of Chronic Infections and Gastric Disease Development -- 1.2 Host Genetic Polymorphisms Are Crucial for& -- !blank -- Gastric Pathology -- 2 Importance of IL-1β in Gastric Cancer Development -- 3 Inflammasome Responses During H. pylori Infection -- 3.1 Inflammasome Activation by H. pylori -- 3.2 Regulation of Inflammasome Activation upon H. pylori Infection -- 3.3 Inflammasome Activation-Mediated Host-Specific Immunity in H. pylori Infection -- 3.4 Inflammasome-Mediated IL-1β Secretion in Cultured Human and Mouse Cells -- 4 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 Listeria monocytogenes and the Inflammasome: From Cytosolic Bacteriolysis to Tumor Immunotherapy -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Overview -- 1.2 Life Cycle -- 1.3 Innate Immune Response -- 2 Activation of Different Inflammasomes -- 2.1 NLRP3 Activation -- 2.2 NLRC4 Activation -- 2.3 AIM2 Activation -- 2.4 Other NLR Engagement -- 3 Avoidance of Inflammasome Activation -- 3.1 Avoidance of NLRP3 -- 3.2 Avoidance of NLRC4 -- 3.3 Avoidance of AIM2. , 3.4 Active Inhibition of the Inflammasome -- 4 Role in Pathogenesis -- 4.1 Role of Caspase-1/11 -- 4.2 Role of ASC -- 4.3 Role of IL-1β and IL-18 -- 4.4 Innate Immune Cell Infiltrate -- 5 Adaptive Immune Response to L. monocytogenes -- 5.1 Protective Immunity -- 5.2 Influence of Cytokines -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 Inflammasome Recognition and Regulation of the Legionella Flagellum -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction: The Facultative Intracellular Pathogen Legionella pneumophila -- 1.1 Environmental Niches, Human Infection and Mouse Models -- 1.2 Intracellular Replication Within the Legionella-Containing Vacuole -- 1.3 The Biphasic Life Cycle of L. pneumophila -- 2 Modulation of Inflammasome Activity by L. pneumophila -- 2.1 Pattern Recognition Receptors Implicated in L. pneumophila Infection -- 2.2 Inflammasome Activation by L. pneumophila Flagellin -- 2.3 Regulation of Cell Death by Icm/Dot- Translocated Effectors -- 3 Regulation of Legionella Flagellin and Motility -- 3.1 Legionella Flagellin as a Transmissive and Virulence Factor -- 3.2 Regulation of Legionella Motility by the Signaling Molecule LAI-1 -- 3.3 The Flagellar Regulon of Legionella -- 4 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 Inflammasome Activation and Function During Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Early Events in M. tuberculosis-Infected Phagocytes -- 3 Regulation of Inflammasome Activation via the Mycobacterial Type VII Secretion System (T7SS) -- 4 M. tuberculosis Activates the Inflammasome in Macrophages -- 5 M. tuberculosis Triggers Inflammasome-Dependent and Inflammasome-Independent IL-1β Production in Various Myeloid Cells -- 6 Activation of Cytosolic "Non-Inflammasome" Sensors -- 7 Regulation of Inflammasome Activity During M. tuberculosis Infection. , 8 In Vivo Regulation of IL-1β and the Inflammasome in Host Protection -- 9 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 10 Role of Canonical and Non-canonical Inflammasomes During Burkholderia Infection -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Innate Immune Response to Burkholderia Infection -- 3 Role of Caspase-1 -- 4 Role of NLRC4 Inflammasome -- 5 Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome -- 6 Opposing Function of IL-1β and IL-18 -- 7 Role of the Caspase-11 Non-canonical Inflammasome -- 8 Different Contribution of the Canonical and Non-canonical Inflammasomes -- 9 Role of the Human Non-canonical Inflammasome -- 10 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 11 Inflammasomes in Pneumococcal Infection: Innate Immune Sensing and Bacterial Evasion Strategies -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Brief Overview of the Innate Immune Response to S. Pneumoniae Infection -- 3 Sensing of S. Pneumoniae by Inflammasomes -- 4 Role of Inflammasomes in Pneumococcal Infections -- 5 Evasion of Inflammasome-Dependent Sensing by Emerging Strains -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 Francisella Inflammasomes: Integrated Responses to a Cytosolic Stealth Bacterium -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The Francisella Genus -- 1.2 Francisella tularensis, the Agent of Tularemia -- 1.3 Intracellular Life Cycle -- 2 Overview of the Innate Immune Responses to Francisella Infection -- 2.1 TLRs and NF-κB Activation -- 2.2 Signaling Pathways Leading to Type I IFN Production -- 3 Francisella Activates the Aim2 Inflammasome in Murine Phagocytes -- 3.1 Aim2 Inflammasome and the IFN Requirement -- 3.1.1 In Vitro and In Vivo Role of the Inflammasome -- 3.1.2 Type I IFN Signaling Is Required for Francisella-mediated Inflammasome Activation -- 3.1.3 Aim2 Is the Inflammasome Receptor Detecting Francisella in the Host Cytosol. , 3.2 Gbp-mediated Bacteriolysis Is Required to Trigger Aim2 Inflammasome Activation -- 3.3 TLR2 Controls pro-IL-1β Level and the Kinetics of AIM2 Inflammasome Activation -- 4 Francisella and the Non-canonical Inflammasomes -- 4.1 Francisella LPS Escapes Caspase-11 Recognition -- 4.2 ASC-dependent Caspase-1-independent Pathways -- 5 Inflammasome Activation in Human Cells -- 6 Lessons from the Bacterial Side: Study of Hypercytotoxic Mutants -- 7 Hypervirulent Strains Escape Inflammasome Detection -- 8 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 13 Inflammasome Activation Can Mediate Tissue-Specific Pathogenesis or Protection in Staphylococcus aureus Infection -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Inflammasomes that are Activated by S. aureus -- 3 Role of Inflammasome Activation in Infection Models -- 3.1 The NLRP3 Inflammasome Responds to Hemolysins to Control S. aureus Dermal Infections -- 3.2 IL-1β Signaling Is Critical for Combating Soft Tissue Infections -- 3.3 S. aureus Hijacks the NLRP3 Inflammasome to Exacerbate Lung Infection Pathology -- 3.4 Microglia Activate NLRP3 In Vitro but Depend on AIM2 to Clear S. aureus Central Nervous System Infections -- 4 How the Host Inflammasome Can Affect Other Inflammatory Processes -- 5 Integrating Inflammasome Studies to Improve Patient Care -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References.