Note: Intro -- Preface to "Egypt's Strategy to Meet the Sustainable Development Goals and Agenda 2030" -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1 Introduction to "Insights into Egypt's Strategy to Meet the Sustainable Development Goals and Agenda 2030: Researchers' Contributions" -- Abstract -- 1 Background/Overview -- 2 Themes of the Book -- 3 Chapter's Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 Overview of the Poverty, Food Security and Nutrition Situation in Egypt -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Poverty and Food Security -- 3 Poverty in Egypt -- 4 Study Results -- 4.1 Economic Reform in Egypt -- 4.2 Poverty Rate -- 4.3 Poverty and Deprivation in Rural Upper Egypt -- 4.4 Poverty in the Poorest Villages of Egypt -- 4.5 Egypt's Poverty Rate -- 4.6 Economic Reform Programme -- 4.6.1 National Reform Following the 2013 Revolution -- 4.6.2 Development of the Suez Canal Hub -- 4.6.3 National Sinai Development Project -- 4.6.4 The Million and a Half Million Acres Project -- 4.6.5 National Energy Project -- 5 Conclusions and Future Direction -- References -- 3 Long-Term Control of Desertification: Is Organic Farming Superior to Conventional? Soil and Established Arid Cultivation Practices at SEKEM, Egypt -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 SEKEM Agricultural Site -- 3 Organic-Biodynamic Cultivation Practices -- 3.1 Compost, Natural Fertilizing -- 3.2 Crop Rotation and Co-cultivation -- 3.3 Manual Tillage -- 4 Soil Properties in Organic Farming -- 4.1 Organic Carbon Content, Water Storage Capacity -- 4.2 Soil Parameters Related to Tilth -- 4.3 Soil Microbiology -- 4.4 Pesticides, Fertilizers and Soil Parameters -- 5 Farming System and Risk of Erosion -- 6 Synopsis: Organic and Conventional Farming in Desertification Control -- 7 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- 4 The Effect of COVID-19 on the Egyptian Education System and the Role of Digitalization. , Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Education and Sustainable Development -- 3 Resilience in Education: Lessons Learnt from COVID-19 -- 4 The Impact of the Coronavirus on the Educational Systems: Some Global Experiences and Egypt -- 5 An Overview of the Egyptian Policy Responses: The Education System Perspective -- 6 Matrix of Proposed Resilience Pillars and Execution Mechanisms -- 7 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Culture and Principles of Equity and Gender Equality as a Basis of Holistic Sustainable Development at SEKEM, Egypt -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 SEKEM Founder Developing His Vision of Society and Culture -- 1.2 Initiative for Holistic Sustainable Development -- 2 REVIEW: The Four Sustainability Dimensions at SEKEM -- 2.1 Economic Dimension of Sustainability -- 2.2 Ecological Dimension of Sustainability -- 2.3 Societal Dimension of Sustainability -- 2.3.1 Equal Society, Empowerment of Women -- 2.3.2 Partnerships, Financial Structure -- 2.4 Cultural Dimension: Equity in Education and Development -- 2.4.1 Cultural Core Program -- 2.4.2 Health Care Activities -- 2.4.3 Educational Programs -- 2.4.4 Nursery and Kindergarten -- 2.4.5 SEKEM School and School for Special Needs -- 2.4.6 Adult Education Program -- 2.4.7 Vocational Training Centre (VTC) -- 2.4.8 Research -- 2.4.9 Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development (HUSD) -- 3 SYNOPSIS: SEKEM-Status of Sustainability, Vision Until 2057 -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 Integrated Hydrological Modeling and Geoinformatics for Harvesting and Simulating Mountain Torrents on the Area Stretching Between Port Sudan and Ras Bennas, Red Sea -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Study Area and Its Problem -- 2.2 Research Approaches and Techniques -- 2.3 Integrated Methodology -- 2.3.1 Overall Resources and Data Processing. , 2.3.2 Climatic Characteristics -- 2.3.3 Topographic Characteristics -- 2.3.4 Geological Characteristics -- 2.3.5 Soil Characteristics -- 2.3.6 Land-Use Data -- 2.3.7 Hydrological Modeling -- 2.4 Rain Probability for 100 Years -- 2.5 Rainwater Loss Estimation -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Morphometric Characteristics of the Basins -- 3.1.1 Area of the Basins -- 3.1.2 Drainage Network -- 3.2 Hydrological Characteristics of the Drainage Basins -- 3.2.1 Time of Concentration -- 3.2.2 Slowdown -- 3.2.3 Volume of Shallow Drainage of the Basins -- 3.3 Harvest of the Water Torrents -- 3.3.1 Dam Position Selection -- 3.3.2 Spatial Distribution and Characteristics of Dams -- 4 Priorities for Dam Creation -- 5 Discussion and Conclusions -- 6 Recommendations -- References -- 8 Resources of the Renewable Energy in Egypt -- Abstract -- 1 General Background -- 2 Energy Sources in Egypt -- 3 Renewable Energies Resources in Egypt -- 3.1 Small Hydropower Resources -- 3.1.1 Small Hydropower Engineering and the Technical Aspects -- 3.1.2 Small Hydropower Estimation -- 3.1.3 Site Characteristics -- 3.1.4 Existing of Hydropower Generation in Egypt -- 3.2 Solar Energy Resources -- 3.2.1 Solar Energy Engineering and the Technical Aspects -- 3.2.2 Solar Energy Estimation for Both -- CSP and PV -- 3.2.3 Site Characteristics -- 3.2.4 Projects of Solar Energy Generation in Egypt -- 3.3 Wind Energy Resources -- 3.3.1 Wind Energy Engineering and the Technical Aspects -- 3.3.2 Wind Power Estimation -- 3.3.3 Site Characteristics -- 3.3.4 Projects of Wind Energy Generation in Egypt -- 3.4 Bio Energy (Biomass) Resources -- 3.4.1 Biomass in Egypt -- 3.5 Geothermal Energy Resources -- 4 Geographic Information System and the Potential of Renewable Energies in Egypt -- 4.1 Potential of Small Hydropower -- 4.2 Potential of Solar Energy in Egypt -- 4.3 Potential of Wind Energy in Egypt -- References. , 9 Utilizing Renewable Energy as a Mean to Achieve SDGs -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Renewable Sources of Energy and Concentrated Solar Thermal (CST) -- 3 On the Concept of Levelised Cost of Electricity LCOE -- 4 Energy Storage Is the Key to Increasing Efficiency and Lowering Value (LCOE) -- 5 The Need for Energy in the Form of Heat in the Industry -- 6 How Can Heat Helps Implantation of SDGs -- 7 Financing Issue-Toward Constructing of a Business Model -- 8 Energy Use and Its Relationship to SDG -- 9 Electricity Generation Plant as Financing Tool for SDG -- 10 Conclusions -- 11 Recommendations/Future Prespectives -- References -- 10 Economic Growth, Employment and Decent Work as a Sustainable Development Policy for All -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Economic Growth -- 2.1 Promoting Sustained, Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth in Egypt -- 2.2 Promoting Egyptian Economic Growth -- 2.3 Measuring Economic Growth -- 2.3.1 Income Criteria -- Gross National Income (GNI) -- Expected Gross National Income (EGNI) -- Average Income (AI) -- 2.3.2 Social Criteria for Growth and Economic Development -- Health Standards -- Educational Standards -- Nutrition Standards -- 2.3.3 The Physical Quality of Life Index -- 2.3.4 Structural Standards -- 2.4 Economic Growth as a Sustainable Development Policy -- 3 Employment as a Sustainable Development Policy -- 3.1 Full Employment -- 3.2 The Ability of Economic Systems to Achieve a State of Full Employment -- 4 Decent Work as a Sustainable Development Policy -- 4.1 Empowering People Through Decent Work and Full Employment -- 4.1.1 Decent Work in Egypt -- 4.2 Creating Opportunities for All, Reducing Inequality and Ending Discrimination -- 4.3 Enhancing Productivity and Building Productive Capacity to Achieve Sustainable Development -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Recommendations -- References. , 11 Proposed Guidelines for Planning of Egyptian Fishing Ports -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Egypt 2030 Strategy Vision Towards Coastal Fisheries -- 3 Review of Fishing Port Planning Studies -- 4 Proposed Guidelines for Planning of Egyptian Fishing Ports -- 4.1 Basic Planning Concepts -- 4.1.1 General Consideration -- 4.1.2 Planning Process and Elements -- 4.1.3 Site Selection and Alternative Plans -- 4.2 Fishing Ports Planning -- 4.2.1 Water Area Planning -- 4.2.2 Land Area Planning (Facilities and Services) -- 4.2.3 Environmental Aspects for the Planning of Fishing Ports -- 4.3 Port Management -- 4.3.1 Environmental Management Practices -- 5 Conclusion and Recommendation -- References -- 12 The Impact of Human-Induced in Mining Operations on the Increased Risk of Torrents in the Wadi Allaqi Basin -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Study Area and Its Problem -- 2.2 Natural Characteristics of the Study Area -- 2.2.1 Identification of Study Area -- 2.2.2 Climate Characteristics -- 2.2.3 Geological Characteristics -- 2.2.4 Terrain Characteristics: -- 2.3 Hydrological Properties -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Random Mining Operation Deposits -- 3.2 Water Depth and Speed in the Stream -- 3.3 Ways to Cope with Torrential Hazards -- 4 Conclusions and Future Direction -- References -- 13 Climate Considerations in the Planning and Sustainability of Egyptian Cities -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Astronomical and Geographic Location -- 2.2 Egypt's Location -- 2.3 Land Forms -- 2.3.1 Delta and Nile Valley -- 2.3.2 Western Desert -- 2.3.3 Eastern Desert -- 2.3.4 Sinai Peninsula -- 2.4 City's Functional Structure -- 2.5 Egyptian City Categories -- 2.6 Population Functions -- 2.7 Urban Planning -- 2.8 Morphology of the City -- 2.9 The Physical State of the Buildings. , 2.10 Historical and Civilizational Buildings.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part IIntroduction -- 1 Introduction to "Environmental Remote Sensing and GIS in Tunisia" -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Themes of the Book -- 1.3 Chapters' Summary -- 1.3.1 Remote Sensing and GIS for Urban and Rural Applications -- 1.3.2 Remote Sensing and GIS for Mapping and Modeling -- 1.3.3 Remote Sensing and GIS for Natural Risks Applications -- 1.3.4 Soil Degradation and Drought -- 1.3.5 Remote Sensing and GIS to Assess and Monitor Dry, Arid and Wetlands -- References -- Part IIRS and GIS for Urban and Rural Applications -- 2 Approaching the Tunisian Human Environment by Using RS and the Dasymetric Method -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Portraying the Density of Population: An Overview of the Methods in Use -- 2.3 The Dasymetric Method -- 2.4 Related Cartographic Literature -- 2.5 Advantages of the Dasymetric Method Applied to the Tunisian Territory -- 2.6 Methodology and Methods Implementation -- 2.7 Results and Discussion -- 2.8 Conclusion -- 2.9 Recommendations -- References -- 3 The Role of GIS as a Planning Tool in a Tunisian Urban Landscape, Sfax City -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 GIS and Planning of Green Spaces -- 3.3 GIS Assessement of Natural Space Planning in Sfax City -- 3.3.1 GIS Assessement of Urban Sprawl and Consumption of Agricultural Spaces in Sfax City -- 3.3.2 GIS Assessment of Green Space Consideration in the Sustainable Development Context -- 3.4 Green Spaces Issues in the Actors' Discourses -- 3.4.1 Complicated Mission of Local Authorities -- 3.4.2 An Active and Influential Civil Society -- 3.5 Conclusion -- 3.6 Recommandations -- References -- 4 Spatio-Temporal Monitoring of the Meskat System Distribution in the Tunisian Sahel Region Using TM Landsat Images -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Meskat System. , 4.3 Recognition of the Meskat System Processing in Tunisian Sahel Region: Thematic Focus and Methodology -- 4.3.1 Study Area -- 4.3.2 Exploitation of Satellite Images -- 4.3.3 Methodology -- 4.4 Results and Discussion -- 4.4.1 Land Use Mapping -- 4.4.2 Spatio-Temporal Evolution of the Meskat System -- 4.4.3 Rate of Change of the Meskat System -- 4.5 Conclusion -- 4.6 Recommendations -- References -- 5 Spatial Distribution of Solanum elaeagnifolium in the Tunisian Arid Region Using GIS Tools -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Introducing Concepts and Terms -- 5.2.1 Definitions -- 5.2.2 Biological Invasion Process -- 5.3 Mapping Is an Effective Approach to Manage Invasive Alien Plants -- 5.4 Solanum elaeagnifolium Mapping Using GIS -- 5.4.1 Methodological Approach -- 5.5 Results and Discussion -- 5.5.1 EL Alam Land Cover Mapping in 2014-2015 -- 5.5.2 Solanum elaeagnifolium Spatial Distribution -- 5.6 Conclusions -- 5.7 Recommendations -- References -- 6 PROMETHEE and Geospatial Analysis to Rank Suitable Sites for Grombalia Aquifer Recharge with Reclaimed Water -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Method -- 6.2.1 Description of the Study Area -- 6.2.2 Methodology -- 6.2.3 Calculation of Surface Needed for Aquifer Recharge -- 6.3 Results and Discussions -- 6.3.1 Spatial Datasets Used -- 6.3.2 Constraints Layer -- 6.3.3 Suitable Sites Ranking -- 6.4 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Part IIIRS and GIS for Mapping and Modeling -- 7 Using RS and GIS to Mapping Land Cover of the Cap Bon (Tunisia) -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Objectives of the Present Study -- 7.3 Methodology -- 7.4 Documents Used -- 7.5 The Cap Bon as an Application Field -- 7.5.1 Overview of the Study Area -- 7.5.2 Model Space for a Better Understanding -- 7.5.3 The Conceptual, Logical and Physical Data Model -- 7.6 Creation of the Geodatabase -- 7.6.1 The Structure of the Geodatabase. , 7.6.2 The Image Processing and Loading of Datasets -- 7.6.3 The Implementation of the Geodatabase -- 7.7 Multiscalar Mapping of Land Cover and Land Use -- 7.7.1 Level 1 Mapping of the Land Cover and Land Use: Across the Cap Bon -- 7.7.2 Mapping Level 2 of the Land Cover and Land Use: Across the Plain of Grombalia -- 7.7.3 Mapping Level 3 of the Land Cover and Land Use: Local Delegation of Soliman -- 7.8 Conclusion -- 7.9 Recommendations -- References -- 8 A GIS Based DRASTIC, Pesticide DRASTIC and SI Methods to Assess Groundwater Vulnerability to Pollution: Case Study of Oued Laya (Central Tunisia) -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Assessment of Vulnerability of Shallow Aquifer to Pollution and Methodology -- 8.2.1 Study Area -- 8.2.2 Methodology -- 8.3 Results and Discussion -- 8.3.1 Thematic Maps Presentation -- 8.4 Standard DRASTIC Vulnerability Assessment -- 8.5 Pesticide DRASTIC Vulnerability Assessment -- 8.6 SI Vulnerability Assessment -- 8.7 Standard DRASTIC, Pesticide DRASTIC and SI Vulnerability Assessment -- 8.8 Conclusion -- 8.9 Recommendations -- References -- Part IVRS and GIS for Natural Risks Applications -- 9 Mapping Environmental Risk Degradation Under Climate Stress and Anthropogenic Pressure: Case Study of Abdeladim Watershed, Tunisia -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Methodological Framework -- 9.2.1 GIS: The Study's Relevance to Agricultural Productivity -- 9.2.2 The Steps of the Work -- 9.3 Conceptual and Methodological Framework -- 9.3.1 Sensitivity and Potential Sensitivity to Degradation: The Study's Interest in Preserving Agricultural Productivity -- 9.4 Abdeladim Watershed: A Fragile Natural Balanced Environment Undergoing Significant Anthropic Pressure -- 9.5 Trends in the Evolution of the River System/Hydrographic Network -- 9.5.1 Linear Erosion -- 9.5.2 Regressive Erosion -- 9.5.3 Lateral Erosion. , 9.6 Potential Sensitivity to Degradation -- 9.6.1 Potential Sensitivity to Agricultural Land Degradation to Soil Quality Degradation -- 9.6.2 Sensitivity of Sloping Agricultural Land to Degradation by Soil Loss -- 9.6.3 Sensitivity to Watercourse Erosion Degradation -- 9.7 Measures to Combat the  Degradation of Agricultural Lands -- 9.7.1 The Extension of Information -- 9.7.2 Control of Potential Soil Quality Degradation -- 9.7.3 Control of Potential Degradation by Loss of Soil -- 9.7.4 Control of Potential Degradation by Stormwater -- 9.8 Discussions -- 9.9 Conclusion -- 9.10 Recommendations -- References -- 10 Application of Remote Sensing and GIS for Risk Assessment in Monastir, Tunisia -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Case Study: Monastir, Tunisia -- 10.3 Methodology -- 10.3.1 Conceptual Risk Framework -- 10.3.2 Workflow -- 10.3.3 Data Acquisition and Development of a Geodatabase -- 10.3.4 Land Use/Land Cover Analysis Based on the Urban Atlas Standard -- 10.3.5 Hazard Analysis -- 10.3.6 Exposure Analysis -- 10.3.7 Vulnerability and Integrated Risk Assessment -- 10.4 Results -- 10.4.1 Flash Floods and Coastal Erosion in Monastir -- 10.4.2 Exposure to Flash Floods -- 10.4.3 Social Vulnerability and Flash Flood Risk -- 10.4.4 Web-Based Information System -- 10.5 Discussion and Lessons Learned -- 10.6 Conclusions -- References -- Part VSoil Degradation and Drought -- 11 Monitoring of Land Use-Land Cover Changes and Assessment of Soil Degradation Using Landsat TM and OLI Data in Zarzis Arid Region -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Materials and Methods -- 11.2.1 Study Area -- 11.2.2 Land Degradation Constraints -- 11.2.3 Landsat Image Processing -- 11.3 Results and Discussion -- 11.3.1 ISOCLUST Classification -- 11.3.2 Land Use and Land Cover Maps of 2007 -- 11.3.3 Land Use and Land Cover of 2014 -- 11.3.4 Change Analysis Using the Land Change Modeler Tool. , 11.4 Conclusions -- 11.5 Recommendations -- References -- 12 Drought Assessment in Tunisia by Time-Series Satellite Images: An Ecohydrologic Approach -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Principles of the Ecohydrology -- 12.3 Remote Sensing Integration in Ecohydrological Approaches -- 12.3.1 Overview of Remote Sensing Principles -- 12.3.2 Concepts of Remote Sensing Uses in Ecohydrology -- 12.4 Humidity Canopy Assessment at the Ecoregion Level -- 12.5 Ecohydrology Equilibrium Assessment by Remote Sensing -- 12.5.1 Water Balance Modelling with Times-Series LAI-MODIS -- 12.5.2 Water Stress Index Effect on Ecohydrologic Equilibrium -- 12.6 Data Quality of MODIS -- 12.6.1 Calibration of LAI-MODIS -- 12.6.2 Quality Assessment of MODIS Time-Series Images -- 12.7 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Part VIRS and GIS to Assess and Monitor Dry, Arid and Wetlands -- 13 Monitoring of Dryland Vulnerability by Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Processing: Case of Wadi Bouhamed Watershed (Southern Tunisia) -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Global Overview of Dryland Degradation -- 13.2.1 Erosion -- 13.2.2 Desertification -- 13.2.3 Factors Affecting Land Degradation -- 13.3 Modeling and Mapping Land Degradation -- 13.3.1 Image Transformations -- 13.3.2 Image Classifications -- 13.4 Study Area: The Wadi Bouhamed Watershed -- 13.4.1 Climate Context of the Studied Area -- 13.4.2 Vegetation Cover -- 13.4.3 Slope -- 13.4.4 Human Issues -- 13.4.5 Soil Conservation Management -- 13.5 Land Degradation Over the Watershed of Wadi Bouhamed -- 13.5.1 Methods and Multi-sources Data -- 13.5.2 Land Uses Changes in Wadi Bouhamed Watershed as Inferred by Image Classification -- 13.5.3 Vegetation Cover in Wadi Bouhamed Watershed as Inferred by NDVI -- 13.5.4 Soils Distribution in Wadi Bouhamed Watershed as Inferred by Brightness Index -- 13.6 Conclusions -- 13.7 Recommendations. , References.