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  • 11
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    An Efficient Synthesis of a (−)-Physostigmine's Library for Identifying Potential Anti-Alzheimer's Agents (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: An efficient route for the synthesis of (−)-physostigmine analogs 1a – 1g and 2a – 2k is described. Analogs 1a – 1g were synthesized via copper(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition between the optically pure azide 10 and a variety of alkynes. Similarly, analogs 2a – 2k were prepared through ‘three-component Huisgen cycloaddition’ using various amines, propargyl bromine, and 10 in H 2 O. Facile preparation of 10 via MacMillan 's organocatalysis has made it possible to generate a great diversity of natural product-like compounds that can be screened for anti- Alzheimer 's effects.
    Print ISSN: 0018-019X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2675
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 12
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    Hydroconversion of waste cooking oil into biojet fuel over hierarchical NiMo/USY@Al-SBA-15 zeolite (2017)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-19
    Description: The direct conversion of waste cooking oil (WCO) into bio-jet fuel was investigated over the core-shell hierarchical USY@Al-SBA-15 zeolite supported NiMo catalyst. The core-shell structure showed better acid and pore size distribution. The synergetic effect of core-shell micropore and mesopore structure significantly contributed to enhance the selectivity of jet fuel (C 9-15 hydrocarbons) from 9.3% over NiMo/USY up to 35.7% over NiMo/USY@Al-SBA-15 with high isomerization ( iso/n- paraffins ratio=2.7) and moderate aromatic fraction (18.7%). The DCO 2 reaction was selectively enhanced. The optimal selectivity for jet fuel (39.7%) was obtained at 380 o C and high H 2 /oil ratio would decrease the yield of jet fuel. This catalyst showed excellent stability for hydroconversion of WCO to hydrocarbons.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 13
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    AlGaAs/Si dual-junction tandem solar cells by epitaxial lift-off and print-transfer-assisted direct bonding (2018)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-05
    Description: A novel method is developed to realize a III-V/Si dual-junction photovoltaic cell by combining epitaxial lift-off (ELO) and print-transfer-assisted bonding methods. The adoption of ELO enables III-V wafers to be recycled and reused, which can further lower the cost of III-V/Si photovoltaic panels. For demonstration, high crystal quality, micrometer-thick, GaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs films are lifted off, transferred, and directly bonded onto Si wafer without the use of any adhesive or bonding agents. The bonding interface is optically transparent and conductive both thermally and electrically. Prototype AlGaAs/Si dual-junction tandem solar cells have been fabricated and exhibit decent performance. A novel method is developed to realize an III-V/Si multijunction photovoltaic device by combining the epitaxial lift-off (ELO) and print-transfer-assisted bonding methods. The adoption of ELO enables III-V wafers to be recycled and reused, which is promising to further lower the cost of III-V/Si photovoltaic panels.
    Electronic ISSN: 2050-0505
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 14
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    Estimation of Land Surface evapotranspiration over the Heihe River Basin based on the revised three-temperature model (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-01
    Description: Evaporation and heat transfer mechanisms differ for different types of soils. In this study, Evapotranspiration (ET) models for the bare soil, vegetation land and the mixed regions were developed based on the Land Surface Energy Balance Theory. Surface energy fluxes and daily ET of the Heihe River Basin were estimated using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite data and meteorological observation data, including the daily duration time of the sun, air temperature, etc. based on the revised three-temperature model (3T model), and then the distribution map of ET were retrieved. Thereafter, Evaporator pan (E-601) measurements obtained from meteorological observation stations in the study area were chosen to validate the accuracy of the calculated ET. Results showed that the maximum absolute error was 1.70mm/d whereas the minimum was 0.05mm/d, which indicated that the revised 3T model was of adequate accuracy in estimating ET in the study area and could be extended to the regional scale. Also, the spatial distribution of surface ET was different in the upper, middle and lower reaches in the study area and fit with vegetation conditions. On the whole, the ET increased from desert of northeast to mountain of southwest. The results showed that the ET in the study area ranged from 0.06 to 7.00mm/d, with an average value of 2.43mm/d, on 2 August 2008. The highest ET values was from the forest or alpine meadow areas in the upper reaches, with more than 4mm/d, the lowest values was from the Gobi desert in the lower reaches, with below 2mm/d, and ET of oasis in the middle reaches was not only changed with the crop growth stage and vegetation conditions, but also controlled greatly by human activities, with more than 3.5mm/d. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 15
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    Impacts of climate abnormality on remarkable dust storm increase of the Hunshdak Sandy Lands in northern China during 2001–2008 (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-06
    Description: From 1961 to 2008, the overall frequency of dust storms in northern China has shown an unquestionable reduction. However, the Hunshdak Sandy Lands of northern China display an increasing frequency in dust storm activities, especially during the period 2001 to 2008. In an attempt to explore the cause of this increase, a comprehensive investigation was conducted by examining the climate variables, the average normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the local inhabitant migrations. The climate variables include local precipitation, temperature, aridity, evaporation, relative humidity, soil moisture and wind speed. Moreover, by analyzing the 2001–2008 average anomaly charts (relative to the 30 year climatology of 1971–2000) of the upper air and surface conditions, an advantageous atmospheric circulation background for drought development over the Hunshdak was confirmed. Meanwhile, a multivariable step-regression model was employed to distinguish the significant variables of the climate elements mentioned before. The model output suggests that aridity is the leading factor impacting the Hunshdak dust storm frequency. During 2001 to 2008, the lack of local precipitation, higher temperature and strong evaporation deteriorated the local surface condition to below that before 2000, which is verified by the reduction of vegetation cover (NDVI), soil moisture and relative humidity. Furthermore, compared to the 30 year climatology of the wind speed observed during dust storm occurrence time, the mean velocity of 2001–2008 was reduced by 3.0 m s −1 , indicating that even with relatively weaker winds, dust storms still occurred primarily due to the degeneration of surface conditions around the Hunshdak. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
    Print ISSN: 1350-4827
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-8080
    Topics: Geography , Physics
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  • 16
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    Predicting IDH mutation status in grade II gliomas using amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) MRI (2017)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-18
    Description: Purpose To assess the amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) MRI features of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype and IDH-mutant grade II gliomas and to test the hypothesis that the APTw signal is a surrogate imaging marker for identifying IDH mutation status preoperatively. Methods Twenty-seven patients with pathologically confirmed low-grade glioma, who were previously scanned at 3T, were retrospectively analyzed. The Mann-Whitney test was used to evaluate relationships between APTw intensities for IDH-mutant and IDH-wildtype groups, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance of APTw. Results Based on histopathology and molecular analysis, seven cases were diagnosed as IDH-wildtype grade II gliomas and 20 cases as IDH-mutant grade II gliomas. The maximum and minimum APTw values, based on multiple regions of interest, as well as the whole-tumor histogram-based mean and 50th percentile APTw values, were significantly higher in the IDH-wildtype gliomas than in the IDH-mutant groups. This corresponded to the areas under the ROC curves of 0.89, 0.76, 0.75, and 0.75, respectively, for the prediction of the IDH mutation status. Conclusion IDH-wildtype lesions typically were associated with relatively high APTw signal intensities as compared with IDH-mutant lesions. The APTw signal could be a valuable imaging biomarker by which to identify IDH1 mutation status in grade II gliomas. Magn Reson Med, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
    Print ISSN: 0740-3194
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2594
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 17
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    Impacts of climate abnormality on remarkable dust storm increase of the Hunshdak Sandy Lands in northern China during 2001–2008 (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-15
    Description: From 1961 to 2008, the overall frequency of dust storms in northern China has shown an unquestionable reduction. However, the Hunshdak Sandy Lands of northern China display an increasing frequency in dust storm activities, especially during the period 2001 to 2008. In an attempt to explore the cause of this increase, a comprehensive investigation was conducted by examining the climate variables, the average normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the local inhabitant migrations. The climate variables include local precipitation, temperature, aridity, evaporation, relative humidity, soil moisture and wind speed. Moreover, by analyzing the 2001–2008 average anomaly charts (relative to the 30 year climatology of 1971–2000) of the upper air and surface conditions, an advantageous atmospheric circulation background for drought development over the Hunshdak was confirmed. Meanwhile, a multivariable step-regression model was employed to distinguish the significant variables of the climate elements mentioned before. The model output suggests that aridity is the leading factor impacting the Hunshdak dust storm frequency. During 2001 to 2008, the lack of local precipitation, higher temperature and strong evaporation deteriorated the local surface condition to below that before 2000, which is verified by the reduction of vegetation cover (NDVI), soil moisture and relative humidity. Furthermore, compared to the 30 year climatology of the wind speed observed during dust storm occurrence time, the mean velocity of 2001–2008 was reduced by 3.0 m s −1 , indicating that even with relatively weaker winds, dust storms still occurred primarily due to the degeneration of surface conditions around the Hunshdak. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
    Print ISSN: 1350-4827
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-8080
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 18
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    Diffusive boundary layer influenced by bottom boundary hydrodynamics in tidal flows (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2013-10-19
    Description: ABSTRACT Field measurements of the diffusive boundary layer (DBL) and bottom boundary layer (BBL) in two distinctly different coastal ocean environments are analyzed. The dynamic conditions of the BBL have a strong influence on the DBL thickness ( δ DBL ) and oxygen diffusive fluxes at the sediment-water interface. Three different estimates of the Batchelor length ( L B ) in the BBL are obtained from the measured dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy ( ε m ), turbulent friction velocity ( u * ), and tidal velocity ( U m ) and bottom roughness length ( z 0 ). The two estimates of L B from ε m and u * have low correlations with δ DBL . The estimate of L B from U m and z 0 has a higher correlation with δ DBL at both sites, suggesting a simple estimation of δ DBL .
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 19
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    A hybrid wavelet analysis- cloud model data-extending approach for meteorologic and hydrologic time series (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-17
    Description: For scientific and sustainable management of water resources, hydrologic and meteorologic data series need to be often extended. This paper proposes a hybrid approach, named WA-CM (Wavelet Analysis-Cloud Model), for data series extension. Wavelet analysis has time-frequency localization features, known as ‘mathematics microscope,’ that can decompose and reconstruct hydrologic and meteorologic series by wavelet transform. The cloud model is a mathematical representation of fuzziness and randomness, and has strong robustness for uncertain data. The WA-CM approach first employs the wavelet transform to decompose the measured non-stationary series and then uses the cloud model to develop an extension model for each decomposition layer series. The final extension is obtained by summing the results of extension of each layer. Two kinds of meteorologic and hydrologic data sets with different characteristics and different influence of human activity from 6 (3 pairs) representative stations are used to illustrate the WA-CM approach. The approach is also compared with four other methods, which are conventional Correlation Extension (CE) method, Kendall-Theil Robust Line method (KTRL), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method (BP, MLP and RBF), and single Cloud Model (CM) method. To evaluate the model performance completely and thoroughly, five measures are used, which are RE, MRE, SD-RE, RMSE and TIC. Results show that the WA-CM approach is effective, feasible and accurate, and is found to be better than other four methods compared. The theory employed and the approach developed here can be applied to extension of data in other areas as well.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 20
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    Computational Fluid Dynamics Hydrodynamic Analysis of a Cross-Orthogonal Fixed-Valve Tray (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2014-01-31
    Description: A computational fluid dynamics model was developed to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of a novel orthogonal fixed-valve tray, which offers a larger effective contact perimeter under the same orifice area than its previously reported counterparts. The liquid-gas phases were simulated in the Eulerian framework, with the interphase momentum transfer source term based on the experimentally obtained liquid hold-up correlation. The simulation results were consistent with the experimental data. In addition, the gas hold-up profile of this new design was compared with its triangular cousin under the conditions of a typical run, showing that the former has a higher froth height, which indicated better interphase contact on the tray. The hydrodynamics of a fixed-valve tray has great influence on the liquid-gas interaction. The characteristics of an orthogonal fixed-valve tray were modelled using computational fluid dynamics and an Eulerian framework. Comparison of the gas holdup profiles of the orthogonal and the triangular fixed-valve tray indicated better interphase contact on the tray for the cross-orthogonal design.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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