Note: Intro -- Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science: Organic Synthesis in Water and Supercriti... -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Polymer synthesis in water and supercritical water -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Water in industries -- 1.2. Supercritical fluids -- 1.3. Properties of water and supercritical water -- 2. Polymerization in water medium -- 2.1. Emulsion polymerization -- 2.2. Photoactivated polymerization -- 2.3. Dispersion polymerization -- 2.4. Controlled/``living´´ radical polymerization -- 2.5. Radical polymerization -- 2.6. Oxidative polymerization -- 2.7. Solution polymerization -- 2.8. Enzyme-catalyzed polymerization -- 3. Supercritical water in polymer technology -- 3.1. Supercritical water in lignocellulosic polymers -- 3.1.1. Cellulose -- 3.1.2. Hemicellulose -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 2: Ring-opening reactions in water -- 1. N-nucleophiles -- 1.1. Aliphatic and aromatic amines -- 1.1.1. Racemic synthesis of β-amino alcohols -- 1.1.2. Enantioselective synthesis of β-amino alcohols -- 1.2. Azidolysis -- 2. O-nucleophiles -- 3. S-nucleophile -- 4. C-nucleophiles -- 5. Se-nucleophile -- 6. H-nucleophiles -- References -- Chapter 3: Cycloaddition reactions in water -- 1. Introduction -- 2. ``In-water´´ cycloaddition reactions -- 2.1. [4+2] Cycloaddition (Diels-Alder) reactions -- 2.2. Hydrophobicity effect on rate enhancement in water -- 2.2.1. Structure facilitated hydrophobic effect -- 2.3. Hydrogen-bonding effect on rate enhancement -- 2.4. Endo- vs exo-selectivity in intermolecular D-A reactions -- 2.5. Inverse electron demand D-A reactions in water -- 2.6. Asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions in water -- 2.7. Application to the total synthesis of natural products -- 2.8. Intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions in water. , 2.9. Aqueous intramolecular D-A reaction in the total synthesis -- 2.10. [3+2] Cycloaddition reactions in water -- 2.11. [4+3] Cycloaddition reaction -- 2.12. [2+2+2] Cycloadditions -- 2.13. [5+2] Cycloadditions -- 3. Cycloaddition reactions ``on-water´´ -- 4. Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4: Hydrogenation reactions in water -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Types of hydrogenation -- 2.1. Catalytic hydrogenation -- 2.2. Transfer hydrogenation -- 2.3. Asymmetric hydrogenation -- 2.4. Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation -- 2.5. Electrocatalytic hydrogenation -- 2.6. Selective hydrogenation -- 2.6.1. Chemoselective hydrogenation -- 2.6.2. Diastereoselective hydrogenation -- 2.6.3. Regioselective hydrogenation -- 2.7. Other hydrogenation -- 3. Water as hydrogen donor -- 3.1. Synthesis of aliphatic compounds -- 3.2. Synthesis of aromatic compounds -- 3.3. Synthesis of carbonyl compounds -- 3.4. Synthesis of alcohols, ethers, sugars, nitro and nitril compounds -- 3.5. Synthesis of bio-oils, fossil fuel, and cellulose -- 4. Water as solvent -- 4.1. Synthesis of aliphatic compounds -- 4.2. Synthesis of aromatic compounds -- 4.3. Synthesis of carbonyl compounds -- 4.4. Synthesis of alcohols, ethers, sugars, nitro, and nitril compounds -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Magnetically separable nanocatalyzed synthesis of bioactive heterocycles in water -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles -- 2.1. Synthesis of N-substituted pyrroles -- 2.2. Synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines -- 2.3. Synthesis of hexahydroquinoline carboxylates -- 2.4. Synthesis of quinolines -- 2.5. Synthesis of acridine-1,8(2H,5H)-diones -- 2.6. Synthesis of benzo[d]imidazoles -- 2.7. Synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines -- 2.8. Synthesis of quinoxalines -- 2.9. Synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles. , 2.10. Synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline and indeno fused pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines -- 2.11. Synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d:6,5-d]dipyrimidines -- 2.12. Synthesis of spiropyrazolo pyrimidines -- 2.13. Synthesis of spiro[indoline-3,5-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine] derivatives -- 2.14. Synthesis of 2-amino-tetrahydro-1H-spiro[indoline-3,4-quinoline] derivatives -- 2.15. Synthesis of spiro[indoline-3,2-quinoline] derivatives -- 3. Synthesis of oxygen-containing heterocycles -- 3.1. Synthesis of 4-methylcoumarins -- 3.2. Synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-chromenes -- 3.3. Synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromen-4-yl phosphonates -- 3.4. Synthesis of tetrahydro-1H-xanthen-1-one -- 3.5. Synthesis of pyran annulated scaffolds -- 4. Synthesis of nitrogen as well as oxygen-containing heterocycles -- 4.1. Synthesis of furo[3,4-b]quinoline derivatives -- 4.2. Synthesis of spiro[furo[3,4:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5,3-indoline] derivatives -- 4.3. Synthesis of spirooxindole derivatives -- 4.4. Synthesis of pyrrole fused heterocycles -- 4.5. Synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles -- 4.6. Synthesis of tetrahydropyrano[3,2-c]quinolin-5-ones -- 4.7. Synthesis of chromeno[1,6]naphthyridines -- 4.8. Synthesis of 1H-naphtho[1,2-e][1,3]oxazine derivatives -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6: Stereoselective organic synthesis in water: Organocatalysis by proline and its derivatives -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Reactions in homogeneous solution or micellar media -- 2.1. Aldol reaction -- 2.2. Knoevenagel condensation -- 2.3. Michael addition -- 2.4. Mannich reaction -- 2.5. Diels-Alder reaction -- 2.6. α-Aminoxylation -- 2.7. Asymmetric hydrogenation -- 3. Reactions catalyzed by solid-supported proline derivatives -- 3.1. Reactions catalyzed by silica-supported proline species -- 3.2. Reactions catalyzed by polymer-supported proline species -- 4. Summary and outlook. , References -- Chapter 7: CN formation reactions in water -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Homogeneous catalysts -- 3. Heterogeneous catalysts -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8: Regioselective synthesis in water -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Metal catalyzed regioselective organic synthesis in water -- 3. Regioselective organo-catalytic reactions in aqueous media -- 4. A catalyst-free regioselective reaction in aqueous media -- References -- Chapter 9: Aqueous polymerizations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Polymerization: Fundamentals and methods -- 2.1. Fundamentals of polymerization -- 2.2. Methods of polymerization: Solution polymerization -- 2.3. Methods of polymerization: Dispersion polymerization and polycondensation -- 2.4. Methods of polymerization: Suspension polymerizations and polycondensations -- 2.5. Emulsion polymerization and polycondensation -- 3. Free-radical polymerizations -- 4. Ionic polymerizations -- 4.1. Cationic polymerization -- 4.2. Anionic polymerization -- 5. Controlled radical polymerizations -- 5.1. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerizations -- 5.2. Nitroxide-mediated polymerization -- 6. Metal-mediated polymerizations -- 6.1. Atom transfer radical polymerization -- 6.2. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization -- 7. Polycondensation -- 8. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10: Microwave- and ultrasound-assisted heterocyclics synthesis in aqueous media -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Microwave-assisted heterocyclics synthesis in water -- 3. Ultrasound-assisted heterocyclics synthesis in water -- 4. Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- Chapter 11: Recent advances on carbon-carbon bond forming reactions in water -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Carbon-carbon coupling reactions -- 3. Couplings in water are biphasic -- 4. Heterogeneous catalysis. , 5. Factors affecting CC coupling reactions in water -- 5.1. Catalyst -- 5.2. Bimetallic catalysts -- 5.3. Base and concentration effect -- 5.4. Light water/heavy water -- 5.5. Energy source -- 5.6. Additives and transfer agents -- 6. Specific CC coupling reactions -- 6.1. Mizoroki-Heck reaction -- 6.2. Hiyama reaction -- 6.3. Suzuki-Miyaura reaction -- 6.4. Sonogashira-Hagihara reaction -- 6.5. Stille reaction -- 6.6. Negishi reaction -- 7. Applications in synthesis -- 7.1. Derivatization of biomolecules -- 7.2. Bioactive molecules -- 8. Conclusions -- References -- Index.