Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: Climate Change Adaptation Practices -- Chapter 1: Monitoring and Evaluation of Climate Change Adaptation in Coastal Zones: Overview of the Indicators in Use -- Introduction -- Methodology -- A Conceptual Framework for CCA Issues -- CCA Indicators for Coastal Zones -- Governance and CCA Indicators in Coastal Zones -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: An Evaluation of the Community Land Model (Version 3.5) and Noah Land Surface Models for Temperature and Precipitat... -- Introduction -- Expected Climate Trends for Nebraska -- Case Study of Nebraska -- WRF Model -- Noah Land Surface Model -- Community Land Model (Version 3.5): CLM3.5 -- Results -- Maximum and Minimum Temperature -- Precipitation -- Verification of Temporal and Spatial Distribution of WRF-LSM Coupled Temperature and Precipitation -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Climate Change Frames in Public Health and Water Resource Management: Towards Intersectoral Climate Change Adaptati... -- Introduction -- A Brief Background on Frames and Frame Analysis -- Methods -- Findings -- Climate Change Frames from a Public Health Perspective -- Climate Change Frames from a Water Resource Management Perspective -- Discussion: Frames and Frame-Reflection as Innovative Tools for Climate Change Adaptation -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Rural Women Belief System and Attitude Toward Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies in Nigeria -- Introduction -- Women Development and Climate Change -- Theoretical Framework -- Applying Livelihood Profiles as Baseline for Vulnerability Analysis -- Methodology -- Study Area -- Sample and Sampling Techniques -- Research Instruments -- Sample Population (Sample Frame) -- Results and Discussion -- Socio-Economic Characteristics of Respondents -- Awareness of Climate Change. , Sources of Information -- Attitude and Belief System of the Women Towards Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies -- Factors Influencing Level of Awareness -- Conclusion and Recommendation -- Limitations of the Study -- References -- Chapter 5: Climate Change and Human Security in a Regulatory Multilevel and Multidisciplinary Dimension: The Case of the Arcti... -- Introduction -- Conceptual Background: Climate Change as a Threat to International Peace and Security -- The Concept of Security in the Arctic and From Whom -- Method -- Climate Change as a Threat to the International Regulation of the Arctic Environmental Ocean -- Arctic Ocean Security -- The United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) -- The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) -- The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) -- The Arctic Council (AC) -- Findings and Discussions: High Level of Exposure to Environmental Risks in Adaptation of the Arctic Environmental Ocean and th... -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Citrus and Tomatoes Response to Climate Change: Survey of Farmers´ Perception and Adaptation Strategies in Northern... -- Introduction -- Specific Objectives of the Study -- Research Hypotheses -- Methodology -- Study Area -- Sampling Techniques -- Instrument for Data Collection -- Limitation of the Study -- Results and Discussion -- Socioeconomic Characteristics of the Respondents -- Respondents´ Awareness of Changing Features of Climate Parameters -- Perceived Effect of Climate Change on Citrus and Tomato Farmers´ Production -- Perceived Effect Categories of Respondents in the Study Area -- Adaptation Strategies Used by Respondents -- Categorization of Respondents According to Adaptation Strategies -- Result of Binomial Logit Regression Showing Factors that Affect Respondents´ Choice of Adaptation Strategies -- Hypotheses Testing 1. , Adaptation Strategies Between the North-East and North-Central Zones of Nigeria -- Hypotheses 2 -- Perceived Effect Strategies Between the North-East and North-Central Zones of Nigeria -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 7: Local Networks of Resilience and Climate Adaptation: The Case of Istanbul -- Introduction: Protests and Conflicts -- Redesigning the City: Resilient or Dispossessed and Vulnerable? -- The Northern Forests and the Third Bridge: Water Resources, Wildlife and Livelihoods -- Urban Food as Part of Adaptation Measures and Istanbul Vegetable Gardens -- The Historic Vegetable Gardens of Yedikule -- The Kuzguncuk Vegetable Garden -- Local Networks and Grassroots Groups for a Socio-Ecological Resilient City -- Conclusion: Ecosystem Based Adaptation and Urban Green Spaces -- References -- Chapter 8: Extreme Weather Events and the German Economy: The Potential for Climate Change Adaptation -- Introduction -- The Modelling Challenge -- The Model PANTA RHEI -- Integration of Damages -- Scenarios: Exploring Consistent Future Developments -- Results I: Extreme Weather Events Compared to Reference Scenario -- Results II: Adaptation to Extreme Weather Events Compared to (a) Extreme Weather and (b) Reference Scenario -- A More Detailed Picture: Extreme Weather and Economic Sectors -- Effects of Adaptation to Extreme Weather Events on Economic Sectors -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Vulnerabilities to Extreme Climate Events -- Introduction -- Dealing with Present and Future Vulnerabilities -- Dealing with Local Vulnerabilities -- Adaptive Governance -- Some Challenges -- References -- Chapter 10: Adaptation Through Climate Smart Agriculture: Status and Determinants in Coastal Bangladesh -- Introduction -- Climate Change and Coastal Agriculture in Bangladesh: A Succinct Review. , Materials and Methods -- Designing the Research Instruments -- Selection of the Study Site -- Survey Methods and Data Collection -- Results and Discussion -- Adaptation Through Climate Smart Agriculture -- Strong and Weak Adopter of Climate Smart Agriculture -- Factors Influencing Adoption of CSA: Application of Probit Model -- Conclusion and Limitations of the Research -- References -- Part II: Fostering Resilience and Handling Hazards -- Chapter 11: Managing Natural Resources for Extreme Climate Events: Differences in Risk Perception Among Urban and Rural Commun... -- Introduction -- Research Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Recent Experience of an Event -- Livelihood Dependency -- Socio-demographics -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12: Integrating Microfinance, Climate Finance and Climate Change Adaptation: A Sub-Saharan Africa Perspective -- Introduction -- Climate Change Impacts on Food Security and Agricultural Development -- Climate Change Mitigation and Energy Access Policy Considerations -- A Microfinance-Climate Finance Framework for Inclusive Growth -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Climate Change Adaptation and Socio-Economic Resilience in Mexico´s Grijalva-Usumacinta Watershed -- Introduction -- Literature Review -- Methodological Approach -- Results -- Watershed Characterization -- Regional Climate Change Scenarios -- Climate Change Impacts on Agricultural Yields -- Adaptation Options -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14: Adaptive Strategies Building Resilience to Climate Variability in Argentina, Canada and Colombia -- Introduction -- The Wide Spectrum of Adaptations -- Methodology -- Findings -- Variability and Adaptations in Mendoza -- Adaptations and Resilience Beyond the Climate -- Variability and Adaptations in the Canadian Prairies -- Adaptations and Resilience Beyond the Climate. , Variability and Adaptations in Chinchin River Basin -- Discussion and Comparison -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 15: Adaptation of the Bulgarian Water Sector to Climate Change Extremes -- Introduction -- Data -- Methodology -- Driving-Pressure-State-Impact-Respond Research Framework (DPSIR) -- Climate Change Risk Assessment -- Climate Change Vulnerability Index (CCVI) -- Results -- Identification of Main Actors in Bulgarian Water Sector -- Assessment of Climate Change Sensitivity and Vulnerability of Bulgarian Water Sector -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 16: Adapting to the Inevitable: The Case of Tanbi Wetland National Park, The Gambia -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Site: Tanbi Wetland National Park (TWNP) -- Methodology -- Questionnaires -- Subject Groups (Interviewees) and Interviews -- Data Analysis -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 17: Climate Change Adaptation in Indian Agriculture- Assessing Farmers Perception and Adaptive Choices -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Results and Discussions -- Key Factors Affecting Adaptive Capacity of Farmers -- Socio-Economic Factors -- Institutional Factors -- Socioeconomic Factors Affecting Farmers´ Adaptation in Indian Context -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 18: Towards Enhanced Resilience: Monthly Updated Seasonal Rainfall ``Scenarios´´ as Climate Predictions for Farmers in... -- Introduction -- Climate Predictions -- Box 1: Some Illustrative Data of Climate Related Predictions -- Box 2: Some Other Agricultural Upheavals -- Further Matters That Should Be Known -- Short Term (Seasonal) Climate Predictions: A Case Study in Indonesia -- Farmer Questionnaire on the Monthly Updated Seasonal Rainfall Scenarios Provided -- Conclusions -- Appendix 1: Example of the Monthly NOAA/IRI ENSO Advisory/Prediction -- References. , Chapter 19: Fostering Resilience Among Artisanal Fishers in Peniche (Portugal): An Exploratory Study.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Introduction: COVID-19 and Its Influences on Sustainable Development -- Contents -- COVID-19 and Its Societal Impacts -- Sustainable Crises Management in Education During COVID-19 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Crisis Management in Education -- 3 Latvian Education Experience -- 4 Research Methodology -- 5 Research Findings -- 5.1 Challenges for Schools in Turbulent Times of Pandemic -- 5.2 Difficulties the Schools Are Facing and Mechanisms of Overcoming Them -- 5.3 Opportunities for Schools Created by Covid-19 -- 5.4 Sustainability Competencies for Crisis Management in the Complex Adaptive Framework -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- COVID-19 and Corporate Social Responsibility: A Canadian Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Corporate Social Responsibility: An Overview -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Results and Analysis -- 4.1 Expectations of the Corporation to Support CSR and COVID-19 Response/Recovery -- 4.2 Impact of COVID-19 on Core Business Operations -- 4.3 Impact of COVID-19 on CSR Initiatives -- 4.4 The Interaction Between Government and Business in Responding to COVID-19 -- 4.5 How Core Business Operations and CSR Programs Have Been Leveraged to Support COVID-19 Response Efforts -- 4.6 Whether Companies Utilized Their COVID-19 Response Efforts in Marketing Campaigns -- 4.7 The Role of Senior Corporate Leadership with Respect to CSR and COVID-19 Response -- 4.8 The Future of CSR Programs -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- COVID-19 and Pandemic Risk: The Link to SDG 13, Climate Change and the Finance Context -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Impact of COVID-19 on the Investors' Context -- 3 SDG 13 Targets and Climate Change: COVID-19 as an Opportunity for Investors and Companies to Preserve Our Planet -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- A Post COVID19 Blueprint for Sustainable Tourism in Small Island Developing States -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Caribbean. , 2.1 Post Covid-19 Blueprint for the Caribbean Region -- 2.2 A Post Covid-19 Blueprint for Indonesia -- 2.3 A Post Covid-19 Blueprint for Mauritius -- 3 Conclusions -- References -- Exploring Communication Framing Methods that Link Changes in Air Pollution Exposure and COVID-19 to Promote Post-pandemic Sustainability Policy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Methods for Reviewing Air Pollution Framing Approaches Applied During COVID-19 -- 4 Communication Frames for Air Pollution -- 4.1 Earth Observation -- 4.2 Photography and Video -- 4.3 Testimony -- 4.4 Environmental Health Surveillance -- 4.5 Health Disparities and Environmental Justice -- 4.6 Economic Justifications -- 4.7 Co-benefits: Putting the Evidence Together -- 4.8 Sustainability Policy and Advocacy Responses -- 5 Case Studies in Sustainability Policy and Activism -- 5.1 Cases of Cities and Their Sustainable Transportation Projects -- 5.2 Cases of Environmental Justice Organizations in Responding to Air Pollution and COVID-19 -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Achieving the UN's SDG 6 as a Means to Control the COVID-19 Pandemics in Brazil -- 1 Introduction -- 2 COVID-19 and Sanitation -- 2.1 UN SDG 6: Quality Water and Sanitation in Pandemic Times -- 2.2 The SDG 6 in Developing Countries: The Case of Brazil -- 3 Tackling the Challenge and Changing Paradigms -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Socioeconomic Pathways Toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Brazil During and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Anti-cyclical Economic Policies and Socioeconomic Impacts in Brazil -- 3 COVID-19 Impacts on SDGs in Brazil -- 4 Circular Economy for the Brazilian SDG Achievement -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Sustainable Development Goals and Women: An Initial Reflection on Domestic Violence in Times of a Pandemic Crisis -- 1 Introduction. , 1.1 Sustainability, SDG 05 and Domestic Violence Against Women -- 1.2 Being a Woman in the Context of the Pandemic -- 1.3 Methodology: A Brief Description of the Tools -- 2 Results Obtained -- 2.1 Covid-19: Confinement and Domestic Violence in the Global Context -- 2.2 Covid-19: Confinement and Domestic Violence in the Brazilian National Context -- 3 Conclusions -- References -- COVID-19 and Sustainable Tourism -- 1 The World's Fastest Growing Sector Comes to a Halt: Travel & -- Tourism Macro-Trends and COVID-19's Impact -- 2 React and/or Adapt: Travel & -- Tourism's Responses to the Pandemic and Re-Opening Efforts -- 3 Building Back Better: Reimagining Sustainable Travel and Tourism -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Fostering Innovation and Intercultural Exchange During a Global Pandemic: Lessons Learned from a Virtual Design Thinking Challenge in Nepal -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Methodological Considerations: A Case Study Approach -- 2 Virtual Impact Week to Fight COVID-19 in Nepal -- 2.1 Initiation of Nepal-Vs-COVID-19 -- 2.2 Framework of the Virtual Impact Week 'Country-Vs-COVID-19 -- 2.3 Design Thinking Method Application -- 2.4 Execution and Outcomes of Nepal-Vs-COVID-19 -- 3 Lessons Learned from the Initial Virtual Impact Week -- 4 Impact of Nepal-Vs-COVID-19 to Other Countries -- 5 Opportunities for Future Research and Applications -- 5.1 Limitations and Avenues for Future Research -- 5.2 Opportunities for Future Practice -- 5.3 Implications for Sustainability -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Labor Market Sustainability and Corporate Governance-COVID-19 a Game-Changer -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Economic and Social Institutions-Possible Framework for Developing the Socio-Economic Institutions of Sustainability -- 3 Reset and the 'New Labor Market' -- 4 Corporate Governance and COVID-19 Triggered Game Changes -- 5 Conclusions -- References. , Public Financing and Management for a Sustainable Healthcare Sector: Some Lessons from the Covid-19 Pandemic -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Review of Selected Fiscal Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic in 2020 -- 3 Micro-level Sustainability and Innovation Considerations in the Health-Care System -- 4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- COVID-19 and Sustainability Learning -- Innovative and Sustainable Research-Based Learning & -- Community Services During Lockdown by COVID-19 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Material and Methods -- 3 Tri-Centra Universal Education -- 4 Online Learning System in Higher Education -- 5 The Impacts of COVID-19 Towards Research Activities -- 6 Student Community Services During the Covid-19 Pandemic -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Challenging the Plague of Indifference: COVID-19 and Posthumanistic Education for Sustainability -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Reflecting on Caring and Kindness -- 3 Reflecting on Western Assumptions -- 4 Reflecting on the Anthropocene Epoch -- 5 Reflecting on Humanism, Discourses and Subjectivity -- 6 Reflecting on Educational Discourses -- 7 Reflecting on a Posthumanistic Education for Sustainability -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- The Impact of COVID-19 on the Progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 4 in the Early Years: A Rapid Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Early Childhood Education and Care -- 3 Methods -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 School Closure -- 4.2 Education and Technology -- 4.3 Impact on SDG4 -- 4.4 Direct and Indirect Impacts on Young Children -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- COVID 19: Causal Loop Diagramming (CLD) of Social-Ecological Interactions for Teaching Sustainable Development -- 1 From an Epidemiological to a Social-Ecological Systems Focus on EID -- 2 Social-Ecological Systems, Panarchy and Resilience -- 3 Causal Loop Diagrams and Archetypes. , 4 Existing SES Systems Modelling Examples of Zoonosis -- 5 Methodology: Causal Loop Diagram -- 6 Results -- 6.1 Balancing and Reinforcing Loops and Archetypes -- 6.2 Overall System CLD -- 6.3 System Narrative: Balancing Parsimony and Detail -- 6.4 Stocks, Rates and Auxiliaries and Parameters -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Environmental Education as a Tool to Improve Sustainability and Promote Global Health: Lessons from the COVID-19 to Avoid Other Pandemics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Environmental Mismanagement and Global Health Crises -- 3 Environmental Education: The Path to a Healthier Planet -- 3.1 Characteristics and Approaches -- 3.2 Environmental Education in Schools Worldwide -- 3.3 Succesful Initiatives During Pandemic Times -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Relationships Matter. New Paths for Tourism Beyond COVID-19 Pandemic. An Exploratory Research from Italy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Relational Tourism -- 2.2 The Role of Gastronomy and Local Food for Place Branding and Tourism -- 2.3 The Role of the Web (Network) to Support Relationality in Tourism: Network Relationality -- 2.4 The Outbreak of COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Technology in the Tourism Sector -- 2.5 COVID-19 Challenges: Tourism Trends, Global and Local Changes -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Findings -- 4.1 A "relational" Answer to COVID-19 Crisis: The Staffetta Della Cucina Ciocheciò -- 4.2 The Experience of Staffetta According to the Organisers -- 4.3 The Experience of Staffetta According to Participants -- 5 Tourism Implications -- 6 Discussion -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Managing the Impact of COVID-19 on the Education Plans and Activities of South African Schools -- 1 Background to the Problem and Contextual Factors -- 2 Related Literature and Theoretical Framework -- 3 Framework of the Department of Basic Education COVID-19 Sector Plan. , 4 Designation of Schools and Health Care Requirements.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Sustainable Development -- The Role of Indigenous Communities of Practice in Fostering Community Engagement and Partnerships for Sustainable Development in Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Communities of Practice (CoPs) and Their Role in Community Engagement and Partnerships -- 3 The Link Between Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) and Sustainable Development -- 4 Indigenous Communities of Practice (iCoPs) as a Catalyst for Meaningful Community Engagement and Partnerships -- 5 Methodological Approach -- 6 Background and Context of the Two Identified iCoPs -- 7 Emerging Themes from Interviews -- 7.1 Meaning of Community Engagement (CE) -- 7.2 Sustaining Community Engagement and Partnerships Through Collaboration -- 7.3 Dialogue as a Way to Foster Community Engagement and Partnerships for Sustainable Development -- 7.4 Cultural Protocols as a Vital Aspect of CE and Partnerships -- 7.5 Language as a Key Element for Fostering Sustainable Development -- 8 Discussion and Implications for Sustainable Development -- 9 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Fostering University Contribution Towards Sustainable Development: The Instrumentality of Indigenous Knowledge System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Engaging Indigenous Knowledge (IK) for Sustainable Development -- 3 Contextual Background -- 4 Findings -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Relevance of Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Sustaining Agriculture Under Smallholder Farming in Sub-Saharan Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Indigenous Knowledge and Its Role in Sustainable Agriculture and Development -- 3 Indigenous Knowledge Systems as a Key Driver of Resilience and Sustainability in Smallholder Agriculture of SSA -- 3.1 Labour and Capital -- 3.2 Land -- 3.3 Indigenous Managerial Skills in Crop and Livestock Production. , 3.4 Indigenous Nutrient Cycling and Soil Fertility Maintenance Strategies -- 3.5 Indigenous Soil and Water Conservation (ISWC) as a Strategy of Sustainable Land Management -- 3.6 Indigenous Irrigation Practices in Sub-Saharan Africa Agriculture -- 3.7 Indigenous Pest Management Approaches -- 4 Contribution of Indigenous Plant and Animal Genetic Resources to Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture in Smallholder Farming Systems of SSA -- 4.1 Indigenous Food Crops as Components of Food Systems and Sustainable Smallholder Farming in SSA -- 4.2 Role of African Indigenous Vegetables (AIV) in Small Scale Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture -- 4.3 Indigenous Livestock and Their Role on the Sustainability of Smallholder Farming -- 5 The Power of Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Strengthening the Resilience of Smallholder Farming to Climate Change and Variability -- 6 African Indigenous Practices and Technologies of Post-Harvest Food Storage and Processing Enhance Household Food and Nutrition Security -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Women's Economic Empowerment for Sustainable Development through Indigenous Basket and Mat Weaving in Zimbabwe -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Women's Economic Empowerment and Sustainable Development -- 3 Addressing Women's Economic Empowerment -- 4 Non-formal Education and Informal Sector Employment -- 5 Theoretical Framework -- 6 Sample and Sampling Procedure -- 7 Methodology -- 8 Findings and Discussion -- 9 Non-formal Training of Indigenous Basket and Mat Weavers -- 10 Income Generation and Poverty Alleviation through Basket and Mat Weaving -- 11 Conclusion -- 12 Recommendations -- References -- The Role of Indigenous Social Protection Systems in the Sustainable Development of Contemporary African Communities -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Social Risk Management Framework -- 3 Indigenous Social Protection and Risk Management. , 3.1 Preventive Strategies: Age Grades -- 3.2 Mitigation Strategies - Rotating Savings and Credit Associations -- 3.3 Coping Strategies - Burial Societies -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Sustainable Quality Education Through Self-directed Multimodal Learning, for Open Indigenous Knowledge Co-creation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sustainable Development and Education in Africa -- 3 Self-directed Multimodal Learning -- 3.1 Self-directed Learning and Lifelong Learning -- 3.2 From Multimodality to Multimodal Learning -- 4 Open Education -- 4.1 Open Educational Resources -- 4.2 Open Educational Resources and Sustainability -- 5 Indigenous Knowledge in Education -- 6 Fostering Sustainable Development in Education Through Self-directed Multimodal Learning for Open Indigenous Knowledge Co-creation -- 7 Recommendations -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Integrating Indigenous Knowledge on Environmental Management Practices in the Teaching of Geography in Secondary Schools: A Case of Chimanimani Community in Zimbabwe -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background to the Study -- 2.1 Colonial Influences on Education and Environmental Sustainability -- 2.2 International Conventions and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) -- 2.3 Indigenous Methods on Sustainable Resource Management -- 2.4 Edward Said's Post-Colonial Theory -- 3 Statement of the Problem -- 4 Research Questions -- 5 Methodology -- 5.1 Research Design -- 5.2 Data Generation and Sampling Methods -- 5.3 Data Presentation and Analysis -- 5.4 Ethical Issues -- 6 Findings and Discussion -- 6.1 Indigenous Environmental Management Practices on Plant Species -- 6.2 Indigenous Environmental Practices on Animal Species -- 6.3 Indigenous Environmental Practices on Land Resources -- 6.4 Indigenous Environmental Practices on Weather and Climate Changes. , 6.5 Integrating IK on Environmental Management Practices with the Form 1-4 Geography Syllabus (2015-2022) -- 7 Conclusions -- 8 Recommendations -- References -- Sustainable Future for Early Childhood: Applying the African Ubuntu Philosophy to Contribute to the Holistic Development of Young Children -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Education for Sustainability in Early Childhood -- 3 Embedding Holistic Development in Ubuntu -- 3.1 Human Worth in Communal Relationships -- 3.2 Relationship Circle -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Educational Institutions, Approaches and Innovations -- Transdisciplinary Education: Enabling the Sustainable Development Goals Using the Fourth Industrial Revolution -- 1 Concept of Inequality -- 2 Research Context -- 3 Exploring the Constructs of Inequality -- 4 Exploring the Opportunity for Quality Education (SDG 4) to Reduce Inequality (SDG 10) -- 5 Transdisciplinary Methodologies to Accelerate Achieving SDGs -- 6 Accelerating the Attainment of the SDGs in the Context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Straddling the Divide: A Framework for Digital Skills Education in Support of Both the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Fourth Industrial Revolution in South Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Defining a Set of Consolidated Digital Skills for SDG and 4IR -- 3 Educational Implications of the Proposed Digital Skills Framework -- 3.1 Considerations Related to Scholarly Discourses on Digital Skills Education -- 3.2 SDG Education Implications -- 3.3 4IR Education Considerations -- 3.4 Implications for Digital Skills Education South Africa -- 4 Example: Digital Skills Education in South Africa Through NEMISA -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Case Study: Higher Education and the Education for Sustainable Development in Africa (ESDA) Program -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). , 3 Methodology -- 4 Education for Sustainable Development in Africa (ESDA) Academic Programs -- 4.1 Sustainable Urban Development (SUD) Programme -- 4.2 Sustainable Integrated Rural Development in Africa (SIRDA) Program -- 4.3 Mining and Mineral Resources (MMR) Program -- 5 The Next Generation Researchers (NGRs) Project -- 6 ESDA Sustainable Development Workshops -- 7 Key Lessons -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- The Challenges and Opportunities for Climate Change Education at Makerere University in Kampala Uganda -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Approach and Design -- 2.2 Sample Size and Sampling Procedures -- 2.3 Data Collection -- 2.4 Data Analysis and Interpretation -- 2.5 Ethical Considerations -- 3 Key Findings -- 3.1 The Study Context -- 3.2 Empirical Findings Regarding Challenges for Climate Change Education at Makerere University -- 3.3 Empirical Findings Regarding Opportunities for Climate Change Education at Makerere University -- 4 Discussion of Findings -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Possibilities of Translanguaging Pedagogy for Sustainable Education in Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Current Practices of the Language of Instruction in Education -- 3 Translanguaging: The Concept -- 4 The Study -- 4.1 Participants -- 4.2 Data Collection -- 5 Findings -- 5.1 Reasons for Language Shift -- 5.2 Benefits of Translanguaging -- 5.3 Challenges with Translanguaging -- 6 Discussion -- 6.1 Reasons for Language Shift -- 6.2 Benefits of Translanguaging Pedagogy -- 6.3 Limitations of Translanguaging Pedagogy -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Sustainable Development Through the Lens of Partnerships for Inclusive Education in Africa: A Case Study from North West Province, South Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Theoretical Framework -- 2 Sustainable Development (SD) -- 3 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) -- 4 Quality Education - SDG 4. , 5 Partnerships and Inclusive Education.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Sustainability-Based Approach and Methods -- Moving Towards Sustainable Agriculture Through Higher Education -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Sustainable Agriculture -- 2.2 Agriculture and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals -- 2.3 Education for Sustainable Development and Adult Education: Role in Agriculture -- 2.4 Agriculture in Malta -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Challenges in Farming -- 4.2 Impacts of Farming on the Environment -- 4.3 Indigenous Farming Knowledge -- 4.4 A Sustainable Farming Future -- 4.5 Education for Sustainable Development and Farming -- 4.6 Discussion on Main Findings -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Balancing Sustainable Livelihoods and Conservation in the Marine Environment -- 1 Introduction to MPA Management and People's Livelihoods -- 2 Livelihoods and the Local Context -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Main Themes -- 4.2 Discussion and from the Thematic Analysis of Qualitative Data -- 5 Recommendations -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Linking Biodiversity and Human Health to Achieve Sustainability -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Maltese Context -- 2.1 The Maltese Environment and Biodiversity -- 2.2 Pollution and Health -- 2.3 Effects of Biodiversity on Human Health and Well-Being -- 2.4 Biodiversity, Stress and Mental Health -- 2.5 Biodiversity and Physical Health -- 2.6 Ecosystem Services -- 2.7 Loss of Human-Nature Connection -- 2.8 Sustainable Exploitation -- 2.9 Humans and Their Perceptions of Nature -- 2.10 Research Gaps Identified -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 The Interviews -- 3.2 Data Analysis -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Assessment of Study Findings -- 6 The Influence-Process-Action Model -- 7 Recommendations -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Understanding Scale in Wicked Problems of Sustainable Development: Who Needs Dedicated Courses in Higher Education?. , 1 Introduction -- 2 The Meaning of Scale -- 3 A Classification of Work Assignments -- 4 Learning to Solve a Complex Problem -- 5 Creating a Hierarchy of Problems -- 6 Using Scale in Assignments-Examples from Different Disciplines -- 7 Conclusion-Whom to Teach About Scale -- References -- Presenting an Interdisciplinary Teaching Approach to Involve University Students in Issues of Sustainable Development -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Concept of the Course -- 3 Feedback and Evaluation -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Methods of Transdisciplinary Collaboration Within Sustainable Research and Development Projects -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Description of Approaches for Transdisciplinary Research and Development -- 3 Application of the TDR Approaches in the Field of Climate Adaptation -- 3.1 Climate Adaptation as a Case Study -- 3.2 TDR Methods Applied in Three Projects Aimed at Climate Change Adaptation -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Universities as 'Global Citizens': Reflections and Learning from a Project on Female Leadership for Sustainable Development of Fishing Communities in Colombia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Project Background -- 2.1 Project on Sustainable Development and Women's Leadership -- 2.2 Community Based Participatory Research -- 3 Methods -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Analysis of Power Relations (Symmetrical and Asymmetrical) -- 4.2 Agency -- 4.3 Identity -- 5 Discussion and Conclusions -- 5.1 Agency and Identity and Their Links to Asymmetrical and Symmetrical Power Relations -- 5.2 The Role of HE as Global Citizen, Considerations and Potential Impact -- References -- Geography of Food Summer School: International Exchange for Sustainable Food Value Chains -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Geography of Food Education Programme -- 2.1 Background and Goals -- 2.2 Educational Concept -- 2.3 Course Phases and Content. , 2.4 Integration of Key Educational Elements into Course Phases -- 3 Experiences and Learnings -- 3.1 Implementation -- 3.2 Evaluation -- 3.3 Quality Assessment -- 4 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- The Role of Higher Education Stakeholder Networks for Sustainable Development: A Systems Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Stakeholder Networks as Drivers of Sustainable Development Implementation in Higher Education Institutions -- 3 Systems Thinking, Analysis and Assessment of Stakeholders' Networks in HEIs -- 3.1 Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) a Way of Enquiring About Complexity -- 3.2 Soft Systems Methodology (SSM): Managing and Controlling the Transformation Process -- 3.3 Measuring the Performance of a System with SSM: CATWOE, the Transformation Process and the Three 'Es': Efficacy, Efficiency and Effectiveness -- 3.4 Assessing the Performance of Stakeholder's Network: A Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) Model -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Corporate Sustainability Benchmarking in Academia: Green Campus, Living Labs, Socioeconomic and Socioenvironmental Initiatives in Brazil -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Climate Change -- 1.2 Green Campuses -- 1.3 Living Labs -- 1.4 Economic and Socioenvironmental Sustainability Initiatives -- 2 Methodology -- 2.1 Themes -- 2.2 Indicators -- 2.3 Obtaining Information -- 2.4 Selecting the Reference Universities -- 2.5 Selecting the Universities in Santa Catarina -- 3 Profile of the Selected Universities -- 3.1 European and North American Campuses (EACs) -- 3.2 Santa Catarina Campuses (SCCs) -- 4 Corporate Sustainbility Bench Marking -- 4.1 Green Campus -- 4.2 Living Labs -- 4.3 Economic and Socioenvironmental Sustainability for Society Initiatives -- 5 Conclusions -- References. , What About the Human Side of Climate-Induced Migration? The Role of Universities in Improving Refugees' Wellbeing by Implementing the Sustainable Development Goals -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Climate Change-Induced Migration, the Climate Refugees -- 2.2 Universities for the Sustainable Development Goals: Assisting the Climate Refugees -- 3 Methods -- 4 Results and Discussions: The Contributions of Universities to Implement the Sustainable Development Goals for Climate Refugees -- 5 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Critical Thinking, Moral Courage, and Sustainable Development Goals. Universities as a Driving Force for Societal Change -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Critical Thinking and Courage as Hallmarks of Higher Education -- 3 The Purpose of the University. Sustainability as the Teleological, Greater Good -- 4 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Sustainable Development: An Analysis Based on Conference Papers -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Method -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Citations Analysis from Conference Papers on Sustainable Development -- 4.2 Case Study of One International Conference in Brazil -- 4.3 Relevance for Society and Implementation of the SDGs -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Strategic Planning for a Sustainable Development Centre Using the Balanced Scorecard -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Reference -- 2.1 Balanced ScoreCard-BSC, Perspectives and Premises -- 2.2 BSC and Its Relationship to the Strategic Map -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Results and Analysis -- 4.1 BSC Greens Group: The Strategic Map -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Drawing Sustainability: Helping Students to Know What They Know -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Role of Business Schools in Education for Sustainability -- 3 The Importance on Learning Recognition -- 4 The Value of Drawing -- 5 Drawing Sustainability as a Learning Activity. , 6 Research Process -- 7 Results -- 7.1 Drawing Sustainability as a Tool to Benchmark Students' Knowledge -- 7.2 Recognition of Learning Through Drawing Sustainability -- 7.3 Other Learning Outcomes Recognised -- 8 Drawing Sustainability and Indicators of Learning -- 9 Impacts and Implications of Drawing Sustainability -- 10 Limitations Recognised in This Research -- 11 Conclusions -- References -- We Can Only Do It Together: Addressing Global Sustainability Challenges Through a Collaborative Paradigm -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Role of Higher Education in Addressing Global Challenges -- 3 Blueprint for a New Paradigm in HEIs -- 4 Knowledge and Policy-Which Knowledge Is Needed in a Time of Systemic Shifts? -- 5 Limits to and Risks with the "Technological" Approach -- 6 Particular Challenges for Universities -- 7 Why Do We Need Agile Learning Organisations in Higher Education? -- 8 A Role for the SDGs in Higher Education? -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- Change Project Approach for Reorienting University Teaching Towards the Implementation of Sustainability Principles -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Change Project Approach (CPA) as a Response to Socio-Economic Challenges of Sustainable Development -- 2.1 Change Project Action Research Cycle and Stages -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 3.1 Materials: Description of Cases -- 3.2 Methods: Case Study Analysis and Value Creation Conceptual Framework -- 4 Results and Discussion on CPA Case Study Analysis -- 5 Conclusions -- Annex: Change Project Value Creation Stories -- References -- Case Studies on Sustainable Development at Universities -- Education for Sustainable Development: A University Perspective -- 1 Introduction: Sustainable Development on the Political Agenda of Latvia -- 2 Sustainability and Universities -- 3 New Concepts-New Challenges -- 4 Conclusions -- References. , Students' Perception of Campus Sustainability in a Brazilian University.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1 Conserving and Restoring Water-Related Ecosystems World-Widely: Have We Met the 2020s the Benchmarks of the Sustainable Development Goal Six? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Water Abundance, Distribution and Water Circulations -- 3 The Health of and Threats to Water Ecosystems -- 4 Water Ecosystems Across the Continents: Current Status -- 5 Conserving Water Ecosystems -- 6 Restoring Injured Water Ecosystems -- 7 Sustainability of Good Water Quality Across the Globe -- References -- 2 The Contribution of Geographical Information Systems-GIS in Water and Sewage Companies for Water Sustainability -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Mapping for Diagnoses and Land Use Policies, for Locational Alternatives, and Protection of Water Springs -- 3.2 Geospatial Models for Water and Energy Use Efficiency for Pumping and Supplying -- 3.3 Water and Sanitation in Informal Settlements -- 3.4 Partnerships for Geospatial Information Sharing -- 4 Final Considerations -- References -- 3 Towards Adaptive Water Governance in South America: Lessons from Water Crises in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Water Governance in Latin America -- 3 Lessons from Water Crises in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay -- 3.1 Chubut River (Argentina) -- 3.2 Piracicaba-Capivari-Jundiaí Rivers (Brazil) -- 3.3 Laguna del Sauce Lake (Uruguay) -- 4 Challenges Under Uncertainty -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4 Polycentric Water Governance in the Urban Global South -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Concept of Polycentric Governance: Potentialities and Limits -- 3 São Paulo Macrometropolis Water Governance in the Context of Climate Change and Water Crisis -- 4 The Challenge of Water Governance in the SPMM-Between Crisis Management, Integrated Long-Term Planning, and Democratic Deliberation. , 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 Land Use Change in Tropical Watersheds: Will It Support Natural Resources Sustainability? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Land-Use Change and Natural Resource Degradation -- 3 Land-Use Change and Watershed Hydrology -- 4 Land Use Change and Water Quality -- 5 The Dynamics of the Nutrient and Carbon Cycle in a Watershed -- 6 Integrated Watershed Management for Natural Resource Sustainability -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Soil and Water Conservation Planning Toward Sustainable Management of Upstream Watershed in Indonesia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Facing Upper Watershed Area in Indonesia -- 3 Soil and Water Conservation to Combat Soil Degradation -- 4 Development Micro Watershed Model -- 5 Participatory Planning of Upper Watershed Management -- 6 Collaborative Management to Guarantee Sustainability -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- 7 The Integration of Energy Planning and Urban Planning: A Synergies Analysis of the Achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Case Study: City of São Paulo -- 2.2 Design of Scenarios Modeled Through LEAP_SP -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 UEP and the Range of the SDGs -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- 8 Biopesticides and Sustainability in a Land Use Context -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Pesticides -- 2.1 Benefits and Disadvantages of Pesticides -- 3 European Union-Strategies and Regulations, a Brief Review -- 4 Biopesticides-The Solution? -- 5 Recent Works and Future Trends -- 6 Final Remarks -- References -- 9 Barriers to Sustainable Development in Agriculture -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Barriers to the Implementation of Sustainable Practices in Agriculture -- 3 Methods -- 4 Data Analysis and Findings -- 4.1 Perceived Semantic Barriers -- 4.2 Perceived Regulation Barriers -- 4.3 Perceived Individual Barriers. , 4.4 Perceived Macro-Systemic Barriers -- 4.5 Perceived Capital/Financial Barriers -- 4.6 Perceived Administrative/Organisational Barriers -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Sustainability Practices and Motivation for Adopting Organic Pineapple Farming in the Ekumfi District of the Central Region of Ghana -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Organic Farming -- 2.2 Sustainability Processes Under Organic Pineapple Farming -- 2.3 Farmer's Motivations for Engaging in Organic Farming -- 3 Study Area, Materials and Methods -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Background of Respondents -- 4.2 Motivations to Engage in Organic Farming -- 4.3 Sustainability Practices Undertaken by Organic Pineapple Farmers -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 11 The State of Agricultural Land Transformations in Asia: Drivers, Trade-Offs, and Solutions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The State of Agricultural Land Transformations in Asia -- 2.1 Agricultural Land-Use Change -- 2.2 Agricultural Intensification -- 3 Drivers of Agricultural Land Use and Intensification -- 3.1 Drivers of Land-Use Changes -- 3.2 Drivers of Agricultural Intensification -- 4 Socio-Economic and Environmental Trade-Offs -- 5 Measures for Easing the Pressure on Land -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Sustainable Land Management Paradigm: Harnessing Technologies for Nutrient and Water Management in the Great Lakes Region of Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sustainable Land Management: Definition and Pillars -- 3 Land Degradation Impacts and Solutions Relevant in Water and Nutrient Management for Sustainable Land Management -- 4 Practices and Technologies for Sustainable Nutrient Management and Soil-Water Conservation -- 5 Technologies for Sustainable Nutrient Management -- 6 Physical, Biological and Agronomic Technologies for Soil and Water Conservation. , 7 Integrating Soil Water and Nutrient Management Technologies -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- 13 Novel Climate Smart Water and Nutrient Conservation Technologies for Optimizing Productivity of Marginal Coarse-Textured Soils -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Climate Smart Soil Water and Nutrient Conservation Technologies for Rainfed Agriculture -- 2.1 Biological Techniques -- 2.2 Physical Techniques for Conserving Water and Nutrients Endemic to Sub-Saharan Africa -- 2.3 Novel Double-Dug Beds for Coupling Soil Subsurface Water and Nutrient Retention -- 2.3.1 Case Study in Uganda -- 2.4 Integration of Methods -- 2.4.1 Agroforestry -- 2.4.2 Integration of Cropping with Livestock and Fisheries -- 3 Conclusion -- 4 Research Imperatives -- References -- 14 Rural Land-Use Planning and Livelihood Dynamics in Post-2000 Zimbabwe -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Conceptual Framework -- 3 Literature Review -- 4 The Impact of the Triple Challenges of Climate Change, Economic Stress and Urbanisation -- 5 Rural Development and Practice in Zimbabwe Since 2000 -- 5.1 Evidence from Gokwe Rural District -- 5.2 Evidence from Nkayi Rural District -- 5.3 Evidence from Chipinge Rural District -- 6 Discussion -- 7 Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- 15 Identity and Environment: Historical Trajectories of 'Traditional' Communities in the Protection of the Brazilian Amazon -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Unpacking the Language: "Traditional Communities" -- 3 Indigenous Peoples of the Amazon -- 4 Amazonian Riverine Communities -- 5 Quilombolas Communities -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 16 Understanding and Defining Pathways for Ecosystems Services Decision Making, Sustainability and Livelihoods of Rural Communities of the Mozambique -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 The Case Study Area -- 2.2 Data Collection and Survey Design -- 2.3 Data Analysis. , 3 Results -- 3.1 Characterisation of Respondents -- 3.2 Socioeconomic and Well-Being Characterisation of the Communities -- 3.3 Ecosystem Services Benefits and Sustainability, Perceptions, and Values -- 3.4 Ecosystem Services Perception: Pearson's Chi-Squared Test Result -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix -- References -- 17 Addressing Rural Community's Risk Perceptions, Vulnerability, and Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change in Mozambique, Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Study Area -- 2.2 Sampling and Data Collection -- 2.3 Data Analysis -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Characterisation and Profile of Rural Communities (Respondents) -- 3.2 Analysis of Exposure -- 3.2.1 Occurrence of Extreme Climate Events -- 3.2.2 Forest Cover Change -- 3.2.3 Rainfall Variability -- 3.2.4 Adaptive Capacity -- 3.2.5 Perception of Climate Change and Climate Extremes Events -- 3.2.6 Local Adaptation Strategies -- 4 Discussion -- 4.1 Exposure, Sensitivity, Risks and Perception of Rural Communities on Climate Change and Climate Extreme Events -- 4.2 Adaptation Strategies and Implications for Adaptation Planning -- 5 Conclusion -- 6 Supplementary Information -- References -- 18 Adaptive Management as a Vehicle to Achieve Sustainability of Boreal Forests: A Historical Review from Fennoscandia to Minnesota -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Forest Management in Sweden and Finland in the Nineteenth Century -- 3.2 Twentieth and Twenty First Century: Changing Values and Climate -- 3.3 Management of Boreal Forests in Minnesota -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 19 Environmental Issues and Urban Expansion-A Study of the Atibaia River Basin in São Paulo, Brazil -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Urbanization and Socio-Environmental Issues -- 3 Study Area -- 4 Methods -- 5 Results and Discussion. , 6 Final Considerations.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I Curriculum Innovation -- 1 Preparing Teachers for Sustainable Development in Higher Education -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Sustainable Educational Development: Cultural and Technological Issues -- 2.1 Cultural Issues and Definitions -- 2.2 Communication and Education Issues -- 2.2.1 Teacher's Roles -- 2.2.2 New Approaches: Connectivism, Transmedia, Digital Curation for Social Learning -- 2.2.3 Technological Issues: Mediating Education -- 3Professional Teacher Development: Government, University and Teachers Partnership -- 3.1 Methods -- 3.2 Preparation, Interlocution and First Findings -- 3.3 Discussion: Education for Sustainable Development Can It Be Effective? -- 4Conclusions -- References -- 2 A Minor Programme on Sustainability for the Engineering Curriculum at the University of Chile -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Engineering Curricula Description -- 3The Design Process Description -- 4Stage 1: Setting the Task Force -- 5Stage 2: The Design Process -- 6The Sustainability Minor Proposal -- 7Conclusions -- References -- 3 Food for Thought: A University-Wide Approach to Stimulate Curricular and Extracurricular ESD Activity -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Background -- 3Sustainability and Food -- 4Appetite for Change -- 4.1 Certificate Design and Promotion -- 4.2 Online Format -- 4.3 Pedagogical Approach -- 4.4 Content Design -- 4.5 Use of Digital Pedagogies -- 4.6 Video Assessment Piece -- 4.7 Sustainability as Interdisciplinary Working -- 4.8 Students as Co-creators of the Curriculum -- 5Sustain Yourself -- 6Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Sustainability and Employability: Alliances at the University of Bedfordshire -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Data Collection and Analysis -- 3Findings: Preliminary Stakeholder Analysis Reveals Potential Alliances. , 4Conclusions: Productive Synergies and Alliances -- References -- 5 The Environmental Sustainability of Brazilian Universities: Barriers and Pre-conditions -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2The Brazilian Universities -- 3Methodology -- 4Results and Analysis -- 4.1 Status of Sustainability in the Brazilian Universities -- 4.2 Barriers for the Sustainability in Brazilian Universities -- 4.3 Pre-conditions for the Sustainability in Brazilian Universities -- 4.3.1 Investing in Support -- 4.3.2 Know the Benefits -- 4.3.3 Educate and Train -- 4.3.4 Involve People/Stakeholders -- 4.3.5 Politics/Cooperation Networking -- 5Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Implementing a Sustainability Strategy: A Case Study from the University of Leeds -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Background -- 3Stakeholder Theory -- 4Organisational Sustainability and Strategy -- 4.1 Institutional Context -- 5The Engagement Process -- 5.1 Organisational Review -- 5.2 Stakeholder Engagement -- 5.3 Reflections on the Engagement Process -- 6Outcomes -- 6.1 An New Integrated Sustainability Strategy -- 6.2 The Engagement Process -- 7Conclusions -- References -- 7 It's Contagious! Developing Sustainability Perspectives in Academic Life at a UK University -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Background to the Futures Initiative -- 3Futures Initiative Projects -- 4Project Models -- 4.1 Stand-Alone and Static -- 4.2 Stand-Alone and Growing -- 4.3 Loose Clusters -- 4.4 Clustered and Interconnected -- 5Building Connections -- 6Theoretical Considerations -- 7Conclusion -- References -- 8 A Strategic Framework for Developing Interdisciplinary Minors on Climate Change and Sustainability Policy: The CLIMASP-Tempus Example -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2The Role of Higher Education -- 3The CLIMASP Tempus Initiative -- 4The CLIMASP Approach. , 5Design (December 2013& -- hx2013 -- June 2014) -- 6Develop (July 2014& -- hx2013 -- June 2015) -- 7Pilot and Implement (July 2015& -- hx2013 -- December 2016) -- 8Evaluate and Review (Whole Period of the Project) -- 9Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 Sustainable Development Integration Strategies in Higher Education: Case Study of Two Universities and Five Colleges in Quebec -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 2Strategies Used as Part of PACTE 2D -- 2.1 Assist and Support Professors -- 2.2 Approaching the Integration of SD at the Curriculum Level -- 2.3 Defining a Global Approach for SD Integration at the Institutional Level -- 2.4 Collaborating to Integrate SD into Education -- 3Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Assist and Support Professors -- 3.1.1 Collaboration with Resources from the Field -- 3.1.2 Contextualise -- 3.1.3 Involving Students, Inspiring Them to Take Action -- 3.1.4 Encourage Students to Get Involved with and Compare Their Views on SD -- 3.1.5 Using Non-intentional Learning and Managing the Class in a SD Perspective -- 3.2 Approaching the Integration of SD at the Curriculum Level -- 3.3 Defining a Global Approach for SD Integration at the Institutional Level -- 3.4 Collaborating to Integrate SD into Education -- 4Conclusion: Avenues for Reflection and Project's Follow up Actions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Making Money and Saving the World: Empowering Students for Sustainability Through Social Enterprise -- Abstract -- 1Social Enterprise -- 2Sustainability in Higher Education -- 3Social Enterprise, Students, and Understanding Sustainability at the University of Gloucestershire -- References -- 11 Promoting Education for Sustainable Development at the University of Prishtina, Kosovo -- Abstract -- 1Introduction: Education for Sustainable Development. , 2Education for Sustainable Development in University of Prishtina -- 3Kosovo Education for Sustainable Development---KESD -- 3.1 Promotion and Awareness of the Importance of Sustainable Development -- 3.2 Training and Capacity Building -- 3.3 Representation and Support -- 4Conclusion -- References -- 12 Increasing Global Environmental Literacy via Faculty Experiential Learning -- Abstract -- 1Introduction: The Tufts Environmental Literacy Institute---TELI -- 2TELI 2013 -- 3Analysis of TELI Goals -- 4Analysis of TELI Network -- 5Testing the Network of TELI 2013 -- 6Results and Discussion -- 7Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 13 What Does the Concept of Responsibility Contribute to the Teaching of Sustainability in Universities? -- Abstract -- 1The Challenge of Inter-disciplinary -- 2Responsible Tourism -- 3The Evolution of Masters Provision -- 4Conclusions -- References -- 14 The Road Less (Sustainably) Traveled: A Case Study of Academic Travel at Franklin University Switzerland -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 1.1 Definitions -- 1.2 The Tension Between Internationalizing and Greening Campuses -- 2Methodological Approach -- 2.1 Academic Travel at Franklin University Switzerland -- 2.2 Data Collection and Analysis -- 3Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Synthesis -- 3.2 Directions for Future Research -- 4Conclusions -- References -- 15 One Metaphor---Several Meanings: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Sustainable Development -- Abstract -- 1Introduction: One Metaphor---Several Meanings -- 2Different Perspectives on Sustainable Development -- 3Imbalance in the Discussion on SD -- 4The Imbalance Impedes a Full Understanding of the (Diverse) Challenges for SD -- 5Conclusion -- References -- 16 Campus Ecological Footprint Versus the Global Influence of Sustainability Related Campus Activities: How Do They Compare? -- Abstract. , 1Introduction -- 2World3 -- 3Technological Change -- 4Social Policy and Culture -- 5Quantitative Analysis -- 5.1 Technological Change -- 5.2 Social Policy and Culture -- 6Results -- 7Conclusion and Discussion -- References -- 17 Developing Action Strategies for Sustainable Living Amongst Employees -- Abstract -- 1Introduction -- 1.1 Education for Sustainable Development Within Organisations -- 1.2 Thinking Skills -- 2Employee Training and Sustainable Development at the Workplace: Constraints and Opportunities -- 2.1 Legal Obligations and Reporting -- 2.2 Maintaining Financial Sustainability -- 2.3 Social Responsibility of Organisations -- 2.4 Education for Sustainable Development for Employees -- 3Methodology and Study Design -- 3.1 Research Paradigm and Methodology -- 3.2 Research Context and Design -- 3.3 Triangulation and Sampling -- 3.4 Interviews -- 4Preliminary Results -- 4.1 Commitment to ESD -- Staff Development Programmes -- and Staff Initiatives -- 4.2 Strands in ESD -- Constraints and Opportunities -- Financial, Social and Environmental Considerations -- 4.3 Applicability of DeBono's Thinking Programmes to the Design of Employee Training -- and to a Sustainable Lifestyle -- 4.4 ESD for Employees -- Skills Needed for Sustainable Lifestyle -- and the Design Process of Needs-Based ESD Employee Training -- 4.5 Social Transformation and Institutional Change -- Transfer of Behaviour Changes Beyond the Workplace -- 5Conclusions -- 5.1 Limitations of This Study -- 5.2 Future Work -- References -- 18 An Instructor's Experience: Implementing Sustainable Development in the Curriculum -- Abstract -- 1Introduction: Applied Sustainable Education in Practice -- 1.1 Applied Degree Programs -- 1.2 Problem Solving Approach -- 1.3 Sustainable Education Developments in Canadian Community Colleges -- 2Curriculum Reform Procedures at Olds College. , 3Integrating Sustainability into Introduction to Horticultural Scientific Methods/Research Methods.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change by Developing Promising Strategies Using Analogue Locations in Eastern and Southern Africa: A Systematic Approach to Develop Practical Solutions -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Goals and Objectives of the Project -- Methodology -- Stakeholders -- Outputs -- Identification and Biophysical Characterisation of the Temperature Analogue Locations in Kenya and Zimbabwe -- Identification of the Temperature Analogue Locations -- Socio-economic Characterisation of the Temperature Analogue Locations -- Quantification of the Performance of Crop, Soil and Water Management, and Crop Genotype Adaptation Options -- Implications of Both Current and Future Climate Change Production Risks at the Study Locations in Kenya and Zimbabwe -- Hands-on Training of Local Scientists and Local Communities -- PhD Research in the Frame of the CALESA Project -- The Final CALESA Conference -- Other Promotion and Dissemination Activities -- Some Lessons Learnt -- Adapting Agriculture Practices to Climate Change -- Farming Systems and Adoption Constraints -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Improving Livelihoods in Semi-arid Regions of Africa Through Reduced Vulnerability to Climate Variability and Promotion of Climate Resilience -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Key Interventions -- Expected Outputs from the Interventions -- Expected Outcomes of the Interventions -- Expected Impact -- Proposed Theory of Change -- Partnerships -- References -- 3 Climate Change Adaptation Planning in Kenya: Do Scientific Evidences Really Count? -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussions -- Platforms for Knowledge Sharing on Climate Change -- Application of Scientific-Based Evidence in Adaptation Planning Process -- Conclusion and Recommendation -- Acknowledgment -- References. , 4 Situation Analysis of Climate Change Aspects in Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Material and Methods -- Results and Discussion of the Projects Survey -- Projects in Selected CC Thematic Areas -- Projects in Selected Productive Sectors -- Adaptation Projects in Selected Productive Sectors -- Mitigation Projects in Selected Productive Sectors -- Capacity Building Projects in Selected Productive Sectors -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Seasonal Rainfall Variability and Drought Characterization: Case of Eastern Arid Region, Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- The Study Area -- Data Analyses -- Results and Discussion -- Homogeneity Testing -- Rainfall Seasonality Patterns -- Trend of the Rainfall Events -- Variability and Anomalies in Seasonal Rainfall Amount -- Variations in Rainfall Amounts and Number of Rainy Days -- Monthly Variations in Seasonal Rainfall Amounts and Number of Rainy Days -- Probability and Frequency of a Dry-Spells and Implications on Crop Productivity -- Conclusion and Recommendations -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Addressing the Potential Impacts of Climate Change and Variability on Agricultural Crops and Water Resources in Pennar River Basin of Andhra Pradesh -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Site Description -- Results -- Model Evaluation -- Hydrological Model---SWAT -- Agricultural Model---EPIC -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 Grain Yield Responses of Selected Crop Varieties at Two Pairs of Temperature Analogue Sites in Sub-humid and Semi-arid Areas of Zimbabwe -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Site Description -- Experimental Design, Management and Data Collection -- Statistical Analysis -- Results -- Grain Yields at the Wetter Analogue Pair -- Grain Yields at the Drier Analogue Pair -- Discussion. , Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: An Evaluation of Yield Potential of Maize, Sorghum, Common Bean and Pigeon Pea Varieties in a Very Cool-Wet Region of Nyandarua County, Central Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Site -- Field Experiments -- Assessment of the Performance of Cereal and Legume Crop Varieties Under Very Cool Climate -- Determining the Effect of Water Conservation and Fertiliser Application on Productivity of Maize and Sorghum -- Determining the Effect of Water Conservation and Plant Population on Productivity of Common Bean and Pigeon Pea -- Results -- Performance of Crop Varieties -- Effect of Water Conservation and Nitrogen Fertiliser Application on Crop Yield -- Effect of Water Conservation and Plant Population on Crop Yield -- Discussion -- The Performance of Crop Varieties -- Effect of Water Conservation and Nitrogen Fertiliser Application on Crop Yield -- Effect of Water Conservation and Plant Population on Crop -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 An Assessment of Gender Sensitive Adaptation Options to Climate Change in Smallholder Areas of Zimbabwe, Using Climate Analogue Analysis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Results -- Characteristics of Households -- Crops Grown at Study Sites During the 2010/2011 Season -- Soil and Water Management Strategies Used by Households -- Discussion and Lessons Learned -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Impact of Climate Change and Adaptation Measures Initiated by Farmers -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Results and Discussion -- Perception of Farmers About Changes in Rainfall and Temperature -- Coping Mechanisms Adopted by the Farmers Due to Climate Change -- Micro-level Implications of Climate Change. , Effects of Climate Change on Health Aspects of Farm Women -- Synergies of Climate Change -- Conclusions -- Reference -- 11 In Situ Soil Moisture Conservation: Utilization and Management of Rainwater for Crop Production -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results -- Fanya Juu Terraces -- Contour Bunds -- Semi-circular Bunds (Hoops) -- Negarims -- Tied Ridges -- Trapezoidal Bunds -- Zai Pits -- Sub-soiling and Ripping -- Tumbukiza -- Deep Tillage -- Micro-catchments -- Discussion -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 Enhancing Food Production in Semi-arid Coastal Lowlands Kenya Through Water Harvesting Technologies -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Site Characterization -- Experiment 1 -- Experiment 2 -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 13 Opportunities for Coping with Climate Change and Variability Through Adoption of Soil and Water Conservation Technologies in Semi-arid Eastern Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Sites -- Crop Simulations Using APSIM Model and the Inputs -- Results and Discussion -- Maize Yields with and Without Fertilizers and Soil and Water Management Practice -- Maize Yields (kg/ha) with Farmers' Practice and Soil and Water Management Practice -- Application of Fertilizers and Use of Soil and Water Management Practices -- Conclusion -- References -- 14 Adoption of Water Resource Conservation Under Fluctuating Rainfall Regimes in Ngaciuma/Kinyaritha Watershed, Meru County, Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Data Collection -- Data Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Rainfall Trends for the Period 1986--2008 -- Perceived Indicators of Sustainable Water Conservation Practices -- Adoption Level of WC Practices and Constraints. , Correlation Analysis of Adoption Level of WC Practices and Selective Variables -- Conclusion and Recommendations -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 15 Effects of Integration of Irrigation Water and Mineral Nutrient Management in Seed Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Production on Water, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Use Efficiencies -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Potato Growth in the Field -- Water and Nutrient Use Efficiencies -- Water Use Efficiency -- Nitrogen and Phosphorus Use Efficiency -- Data Analysis -- Results -- Soil Analysis and Climatic Data -- Water Use Efficiency -- Nitrogen Use Efficiency -- Phosphorus Use Efficiency -- Discussion and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 16 Integrating Farmers and Scientific Methods for Evaluating Climate Change Adaptation Options in Embu County -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Site Location and Description -- Experimental Design -- Data Analysis -- Results -- Farmer's Evaluation on Treatment Performance -- Treatment Score by Gender -- Field Experiment Results -- Combination Effect -- Discussions -- Farmer's Evaluation on Treatment Performance -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 17 On-Station Evaluation of Maize Genotypes for Nutrient and Water Use Efficiency in the Semi Arid Lands of Coastal Kenya -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Experimental Procedures -- Data Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Recommendation and Way Forward -- References -- 18 Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.) Yield Performance under Elevated Dry Season Temperatures as an Adaptation to Climate Change in Tabora, Tanzania -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Area -- Climatic Conditions During Tomato Growing Period in Tabora, Region -- Field Experiments -- Results of the Field Experiment. , On-Farm Tomato Yield Performance Results.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I Plenary Lectures and InvitedContributions: SustainableDevelopment, Knowledge Societyand Knowledge-basedEconomy-Policy of Education,Research, and TechnologicalDevelopment -- 1 Challenges for Planetary Stewardship at the Entry of the Period of the Anthropocene -- Abstract -- 1 Humans Acting in the Environment---From Stone Ax to the Industrial Revolution -- 2 From the Onset of Sustainability into the Period of the Anthropocene -- 3 From Rural to Urban Futures---and Back -- 4 The Challenges of the Global Environmental Conditions -- 5 Regional Aspects in the Northern Europe---The Baltic Sea Region -- 6 Challenges in the Period of the Anthropocene -- 6.1 On Complexity and Uncertainty -- 6.2 Biosphere Services -- 6.3 Systems Concerns and Resilience -- 6.4 New Management and Governance Features -- 6.5 New Balances -- 7 Summary -- References -- 2 Is Local Energy Supply a Main Road to Sustainability? -- Abstract -- 1 Background and Some Definitions -- 2 Local Energy Supply as a Policy and/or Strategy Option -- 3 Local Energy Supply Today---The Case of Sweden -- 3.1 Heating -- 3.2 Electricity -- 3.3 Fuel for Transport -- 3.4 How Much Energy Is Produced Locally? -- 3.5 The Policy Steps to Promote Local Energy -- 4 Some Cases of Communities with Strong Local Energy Policies -- 4.1 Continental Europe---Austria and Germany -- 4.2 Sweden -- 4.3 Islands -- 5 Some Comments on Technical and Economic Developments for Local Energy Production -- 5.1 Energy Mapping -- 5.2 Solar Electricity -- 5.3 Heating -- 5.4 Biogas -- 5.5 Transport -- 6 Research Questions -- References -- 3 Introducing Education for Sustainable Development---Challenges for Students and Teachers -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Current Challenges in Higher Education -- 3 Higher Education and Sustainable Development. , 4 Learning Outcomes and Competences for Sustainability---Students -- 5 Competences for Education for and About Sustainable Development---Teachers -- 6 Do We Live as We Preach? -- 4 Innovation and Development in Latvia -- Abstract -- 1 Economic Growth, Development and Underdevelopment in the Knowledge Society -- 2 Knowledge Society and Information Society -- 3 Knowledge Society and Latvia: Underdevelopment -- 4 Final Remarks -- References -- Part IIPlenary Lectures and Invited Contributions: Worldwide Expertise and Expectations: Sustainable Development and Future Smart Manufacturing -- 5 Interplay Between Sustainable Development, Knowledge Society, and Smart Future Manufacturing Technologies in EU RTD Policy Documents, in the Work Program of FP7 and Horizon 2020 -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Interplay Between Sustainable Development and Knowledge Society in the Landscape European Research Area -- 3 Activities at the EU RTD Policy and Framework Programmes Level -- 3.1 FP6---Citizens and Governance in a Knowledge-based society -- 3.2 FP7 -- 3.3 Horizon 2020 -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- 6 NANOfutures, the European Technology Integrating and Innovation Platform: Nanotechnologies---Essential Part of Sustainable Development -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 NANOfutures: A Cross-European Technology Platform -- 3 Nanotechnology in H2020 -- References -- 7 Urban Development and the Environmental Challenges---``Green'' Systems Considerations for the EU -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Content of Grand Challenges---On Drivers and Their Implications -- 2.1 The World of 2025 and Beyond. A European Perspective -- 2.2 Specific Implications for Environment, Sustainability and ``Green Development'' -- 2.3 Implications for Urban Development -- 2.4 Natural Resources, Socio-economic Issues and the Urban Processes -- 2.5 The Urban---Rural Connection. , 2.6 Green Development and Urban Possibilities -- 3 Green Urban Principles and Goals in Contemporary Urban Planning -- 4 Moving Towards the Period of Anthropocene -- 5 Analysis in Terms of Perspectives -- 5.1 The Resource Flows---Natural Resources and Waste Flows -- 5.2 Climate and Energy -- 5.3 Housing Involving the Architectural Green Sustainability Oriented Technology -- 5.4 Technological Systems Solutions -- 5.5 Socio-Ecological Resilience Systems and Their Development in Time -- 5.6 Geographical Scaling Perspectives -- 5.7 The Politics and Institutions that Will Provide the ``Governance'' Capacities, Including Responses to Surprises -- 6 Some Issues of Importance -- 6.1 The Increased Importance of Green Areas Within the City Space -- 6.2 The Importance of Developing New and More Sustainability Oriented (Both Mid-term and Long-term) Indicators for Urban Space, i.e. a More Relevant ``Metrics'' -- 6.3 The Innovation Aspect to Urban ``Green Growth'' -- 6.4 The Role of the Economic Crises for Urban ``Green Development'' -- 6.5 Vulnerability and Resilience Considerations of Systems Nature -- 6.6 Time and Development Aspects -- 6.7 Norms and Values -- 7 Scenario Reflection on European Urban Futures -- 7.1 Green Technology Based Bio-economy (A) -- 7.1.1 Path and Characteristics -- 7.1.2 Bonuses and Problems -- 7.1.3 European Policy Demands -- 7.2 Value Oriented New Green Society (B) -- 7.2.1 Path and Characteristics -- 7.2.2 Bonuses and Problems -- 7.2.3 European Policy Demands -- 7.3 Traditional Industrial Growth (C) -- 7.3.1 Path and Characteristics -- 7.3.2 Bonuses and Problems -- 7.3.3 European Policy Demands -- 7.4 Tackling Acute Societal Pressures (D) -- 7.4.1 Path and Characteristics -- 7.4.2 Bonuses and Problems -- 7.4.3 European Policy Demands -- 8 Some Strategic Issues to Be Considered -- 8.1 Issues and Perspectives. , 8.2 Mobilising a ``Right Mind'' Set (Especially in Connecting ``The Local'' and ``The Global'') -- 8.3 Urban Policy as Seen from Inside-out with Regard to Cities, and from Outside-in -- 8.4 New Governance Structures (and Capacities to Match the Grand Challenges) -- 8.5 Need for Changes in the Knowledge Production System (Towards More of Systems Thinking) -- 8.6 Alertness to Demographic and Social Challenges -- 8.7 Not Forgetting Culture and Norms -- 8.8 Domains of Possible Surprises -- 9 Summary---Specific EU Concerns and Possibilities in Relation to Green Urban Challenges -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 Technological Development and Lifestyle Changes -- Abstract -- 1 Which Is First---Technology or Lifestyle Change? -- 2 Reproduction---from Large to Small Families -- 3 Mobility---Beyond Peak Car -- 4 Consumption---Owning or Sharing? -- 5 Working---Machines or People? -- 6 Food---Buying or Growing? -- 7 An Alternative View---Social Organisation -- References -- 9 Zero Emissions and Bio-refineries for Natural Fibres, Biomaterials and Energy: Genesis of Concepts. Review -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Zero Emissions and Blue Economy -- 3 The Bio-refinery Concept -- 4 Lignin Problem in Biorefinery. New Structural Approach to Understanding Lignin -- 4.1 General Approach -- 4.2 The Science of Complexity -- 4.3 Lignin as Ordered Structure -- 4.4 Experimental Difficulties and Complexity of Lignin -- 4.5 Conventional Biosynthetic Lignification (Freudenberg 1965 -- Sarkanen and Ludvig 1981 -- Higuchi 1985) -- 4.6 Coupling of the Free Radicals of Monolignols -- 4.7 Non-biological Factors Enhancing Heterogeneity of Lignin Macromolecules -- 4.8 Scaling and Lignin Fractals -- 5 Clustering Principle in Zero Emissions Biorefinery -- 6 Steam-Explosion Auto-hydrolysis as a Technology for Biomass Pretreatment. , 7 Some Case Studies of Laboratory of Biomass Eco-ficient Conversion of the Latvian Wood Research Institute -- 7.1 Natural Hemp Fibres Treated with Steam Explosion -- 7.2 Self-binding Boards of Grey Alder Particles Pre-treated by Steam Explosion -- 7.3 SE Hemp Shives as a Heat Insulating Composite (Andzs et al. 2012) -- 8 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Contribution to the Knowledge Development for Smart Cities -- Abstract -- 1 Urbanisation and City Labels -- 2 Between Smart Cities and Smart City Definitions -- 3 Complexity of Urban Energy Systems -- 4 Achieving Transformation Beyond the State-of-the-Art. How Do Cities Need to Change? -- 4.1 Concepts -- 4.2 Technologies -- 4.3 Processes -- 5 Barriers to Achieving Transformation Beyond State-of-the-Art---Experiences from Austrian Research -- 5.1 A New Urban Planning Practice Is Needed -- 5.2 From General Barriers to Examples of Specific Problems -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 11 Smart Cities---Imposed Requirement or Preferred Life-Style -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 How Can a ``Smart City'' be Defined? -- 3 Existing Initiatives and Experience -- 4 European-Wide Initiatives -- 4.1 Smart Cities and Communities Industrial Initiative -- 4.2 Joint Programme on Smart Cities -- 4.3 Smart Cities and Communities Stakeholder Platform -- 4.4 European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities -- 5 Smart Cities in Europe -- 5.1 Barcelona, ES -- 5.2 Copenhagen, DK -- 5.3 Linköping, SE -- 5.4 Lyon, FR -- 5.5 Rotterdam, NL -- 5.6 Jelgava, LV -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Exploring the Dependence of Urban Systems on the Environment -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 The Accounting Framework: SUMMA -- 2.2 Decomposition Analysis -- 2.3 Case Study Area: The City of Rome -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- References. , 13 Limits to Sustainable Use of Wood Biomass.