Anmerkung: Intro -- Foreword: New Directions for Investigating Detrimental and Enabling Interactions Between Helicobacter pylori and Its Host -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Inflammation, Immunity, and Vaccine Development for the Gastric Pathogen Helicobacter pylori -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Host Immune Response to H. pylori Infection -- 3 Obstacles in Developing H. pylori Vaccine -- 4 Establishing the Principles for H. pylori Vaccination -- 5 Varied Vaccination Strategies Employed in Clinical Trials -- 6 Unique Aspects of a Successful Clinical Trial -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Impact of Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors on the Host Immune Response and Gastric Pathology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Vacuolating Cytotoxin -- 2.1 Heterogeneity and the Epidemiology of Gastric Disease -- 2.2 Animal Models and Cell Biology -- 3 Cag Pathogenicity Island -- 3.1 Epidemiology -- 3.2 Genetic Organization -- 3.3 T4SS -- 3.4 T4SS Effectors -- 3.5 Hijacking Host Signaling -- 4 Outer Membrane Proteins (OMPs) -- 4.1 Paralogous OMP Gene Families -- 4.2 H. pylori OMPs and Clinical Disease -- 4.3 OMPs and Pathogenesis -- 5 Modulation of the Host Response: Bacterial Virulence from the Bacterial Perspective -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Genetic Polymorphisms in Inflammatory and Other Regulators in Gastric Cancer: Risks and Clinical Consequences -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Gastric Cancer Development is Related to H. pylori Infection -- 3 H. pylori Virulence Factors and Gastric Cancer Risk -- 4 Host Genetic Susceptibility to Gastric Cancer -- 4.1 Immuno-Regulatory Cytokines -- 4.2 Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) -- 4.3 DNA Repair Enzymes -- 4.4 Genetic Polymorphisms in Other Factors -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- MALT Lymphoma as a Model of Chronic Inflammation-Induced Gastric Tumor Development -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Clinical and Pathological Features. , 3 Pathogenesis -- 3.1 First Step: Gastric Acquisition of MALT -- 3.2 Second Step: Acquisition of Genetic Abnormalities -- 3.3 Third Step: Dysregulation of NF-κB Signaling -- 4 Treatment and Follow-up -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Crosstalk Between DNA Damage and Inflammation in the Multiple Steps of Gastric Carcinogenesis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 H. pylori and Inflammation -- 3 Mechanisms of DNA Damage -- 3.1 Oxidative Stress -- 3.2 DNA-Modifying Enzymes -- 3.3 DNA Repair System -- 4 Genetic Alterations During Gastric Carcinogenesis -- 4.1 Mutational Landscape of Gastric Cancer -- 4.2 Stem Cells -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Importance of Toll-like Receptors in Pro-inflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Responses by Helicobacter pylori Infection -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview of TLRs -- 3 Lipopolysaccharide and TLR Interaction -- 4 TLRs and H. pylori Research -- 5 Microbes Drive TLR Evolution -- 6 TLR2/TLR10 and H. pylori LPS -- 7 TLR10 and Anti-inflammatory Responses -- 8 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Role of NOD1 and ALPK1/TIFA Signalling in Innate Immunity Against Helicobacter pylori Infection -- 1 Introduction -- 2 H. pylori Induction of NF-κB Signalling in Human Epithelial Cells -- 2.1 The H. pylori cagPAI Is Required for Induction of NF-κB Activation in Epithelial Cells -- 2.2 cagPAI-Encoded Proteins Associated with NF-κB Activation -- 2.3 H. pylori Activates the NF-κB Pathway in Epithelial Cells via NOD1 -- 3 Role of NOD1 in Host Immune Responses to H. pylori In Vivo -- 4 TIFA, A New Host Factor Mediating NF-κB-Dependent Responses to H. pylori Infection -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Carbohydrate-Dependent and Antimicrobial Peptide Defence Mechanisms Against Helicobacter pylori Infections -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Mucus, Mucins and Glycolipids -- 3 Helicobacter pylori Components Involved in Adhesion. , 3.1 The Blood Group-Binding Adhesin BabA -- 3.2 The Sialic Acid-Binding Adhesin SabA -- 3.3 Other H. pylori Molecules Involved in Adhesion to Host Structures -- 3.4 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -- 3.5 Secreted H. pylori Proteins that Bind to Glycans -- 4 Regulation and Consequences of H. pylori Binding to Mucins -- 4.1 Infection Induced Changes in Mucin Production, Localization and Glycosylation -- 4.2 Competition Between Binding to Mucins and Glycolipids -- 4.3 Regulation of H. pylori Adhesin Expression -- 4.4 Effects of Glycans on H. pylori Growth -- 5 Antimicrobial Peptides in the Gastric Mucosa -- 6 Bactericidal Activity of AMPs Against H. pylori -- 7 H. pylori-Mediated Regulation of Defensin Expression -- 8 AMP Regulation of Immune Cell Functions -- 9 AMPs and Glycans as Therapeutics for Eradication of H. pylori -- 10 Concluding Remarks -- References -- The Sweeping Role of Cholesterol Depletion in the Persistence of Helicobacter pylori Infections -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Inflammation Induced by H. pylori -- 3 Epithelial Defense Molecules: Antimicrobial Potential Against H. pylori -- 4 Cholesterol Glucosides in H. pylori: Implications for Virulence -- 5 H. pylori Targets Host Cholesterol to Block the Epithelial Response to IFN-γ and Related Cytokines -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Helicobacter pylori Deregulates T and B Cell Signaling to Trigger Immune Evasion -- 1 Introduction -- 2 B and T Lymphocyte Development -- 2.1 B Lymphocyte -- 2.2 T Lymphocyte -- 3 B and T Lymphocyte Activation -- 3.1 B Lymphocyte -- 3.2 T Lymphocyte -- 4 T Cell Subsets and Reprogramming -- 4.1 T Cell Subsets -- 5 Reprogramming and Plasticity -- 6 H. pylori Induction and Evasion of the Host Immune Response -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Mechanisms of Inflammasome Signaling, microRNA Induction and Resolution of Inflammation by Helicobacter pylori. , 1 Introduction -- 2 Inflammasome Activation Through NOD2 and TLR2 Signal Transduction -- 3 Role of microRNAs in H. pylori Interaction with Host Cells -- 4 H. pylori Manipulates TLR Signaling and Bacterial Recognition -- 5 Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Cytokine Signaling by H. pylori -- 6 Resolution of Inflammation by H. pylori -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Impact of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome in Health and Disease: Co-evolution with the Host Immune System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Early Life Colonization and H. pylori Infection in Childhood -- 3 H. pylori and Immunoregulation -- 4 Helicobacter pylori and the Oesophageal Microbiome -- 5 Helicobacter pylori and the Gastric Microbiome -- 5.1 The Gastric Cancer Microbiome -- 6 Helicobacter pylori and the Colonic Microbiome -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Resolution of Gastric Cancer-Promoting Inflammation: A Novel Strategy for Anti-cancer Therapy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Inflammatory Mediators of Gastritis and the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) -- 2.1 Chronic Inflammation in H. pylori -- 2.2 The TME in Gastric Cancer -- 3 Anti-cancer Strategies Targeting the Pro-inflammatory Mediators in the TME -- 3.1 Cell Signaling Inhibitors -- 3.2 Cytokine Antagonists (IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, TNF) -- 3.3 Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs -- 4 Strategies Targeting Growth Factors Involved in Angiogenesis -- 4.1 Growth Factors as Target (VEGF/VEGFR2, CSF1/CSF1R, EGF/EGFR) -- 4.2 Strategies Inhibiting M1 to M2 Transitions and Promoting M1 Phenotype -- 4.3 Inhibition of Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) -- 4.4 Targeting Chemokines and Their Receptors -- 5 Enhancing Anti-tumor Immunity (Therapy-Induced Inflammation) -- 5.1 Checkpoint Inhibitors (Anti-PD-1/L1, Anti-CTLA4) -- 5.2 Other Immunotherapies-Immunoconjugates -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References.