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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A survey of 16S rRNA and amoA genes related to autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria of the β-subdivision of the class proteobacteria in contaminated groundwater
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2000
    In:  Canadian Journal of Microbiology Vol. 46, No. 11 ( 2000-11-01), p. 1012-1020
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Microbiology, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 46, No. 11 ( 2000-11-01), p. 1012-1020
    Abstract: In this study, we investigated the size and structure of autotrophic ammonia oxidizer (AAO) communities in the groundwater of a contamination plume originating from a mill-tailings disposal site. The site has high levels of dissolved N from anthropogenic sources, and exhibited wide variations in the concentrations of NO 3 - and NH 3 + NH 4 + . Community structures were examined by PCR-DGGE targeting 16S rDNA with band excision and sequence analysis, and by analysis of amoA fragment clone libraries. AAO population sizes were estimated by competitive PCR targeting the gene amoA, and correlated significantly with nitrate concentration. Most samples revealed novel diversity in AAO 16S rDNA and amoA gene sequences. Both 16S rDNA and amoA analyses suggested that all samples were dominated by Nitrosomonas sp., Nitrosospira sp. being detected in only 3 of 15 samples. This study indicated numerical dominance of Nitrosomonas over Nitrosospira in groundwater, and suggests that groundwater ammonia oxidizers are more similar to those dominating freshwater sediments than bulk soil.Key words: Nitrosomonas, Nitrosospira, nitrification, groundwater, amoA, 16S.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4166 , 1480-3275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/w00-099
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 280534-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481972-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Erratum: Linking environmental gradients, species composition, and vegetation indicators of sugar maple health in the northeastern United States
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2008
    In:  Canadian Journal of Forest Research Vol. 38, No. 9 ( 2008-09-01), p. 2551-
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 38, No. 9 ( 2008-09-01), p. 2551-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0045-5067 , 1208-6037
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/x08-907
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473096-0
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Factors associated with the decline disease of sugar maple on the Allegheny Plateau
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2000
    In:  Canadian Journal of Forest Research Vol. 30, No. 9 ( 2000-09-01), p. 1365-1378
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 30, No. 9 ( 2000-09-01), p. 1365-1378
    Abstract: Mortality of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) has reached unusually high levels across northern Pennsylvania since the early to mid-1980s. We evaluated the influence of glaciation, topographic position, foliage chemistry, defoliation history, and stand characteristics (species composition, structure, density) on the health of sugar maple in 43 stands at 19 sites on the northern Allegheny Plateau. Using percent dead sugar maple basal area as the measure of health, we found that all moderately to severely declining stands were on unglaciated summits, shoulders, or upper backslopes. Stands on glaciated sites and unglaciated lower topographic positions were not declining. The most important factors associated with sugar maple health were foliar levels of Mg and Mn and defoliation history. The lowest foliar Mg, highest foliar Mn, and highest number and severity of insect defoliations were associated with unglaciated summits, shoulders, and upper backslopes. Declining stands had less than ~700 mg·kg -1 Mg and two or more moderate to severe defoliations in the past 10 years; both conditions were associated with moderately to severely declining stands. The decline disease of sugar maple seems to result from an interaction between Mg (and perhaps Mn) nutrition and stress caused by defoliation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0045-5067 , 1208-6037
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/x00-057
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473096-0
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Comment on “Long-term decline of sugar maple following forest harvest, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire”
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2019
    In:  Canadian Journal of Forest Research Vol. 49, No. 7 ( 2019-07), p. 861-862
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 49, No. 7 ( 2019-07), p. 861-862
    Abstract: Cleavitt et al. (2018, Can. J. For. Res. 48(1): 23–31, doi: 10.1139/cjfr-2017-0233 ) report a lack of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) regeneration in Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), Watershed 5 (W5), following whole-tree clearcut harvesting and purport that harvesting-induced soil calcium depletion contributed to regeneration failure of this species. In New England, clearcutting is a silvicultural strategy used to promote less tolerant species, especially birch (Betula spp.; Marquis (1969), Birch Symposium Proceedings, USDA Forest Service; Leak et al. (2014), doi: 10.2737/NRS-GTR-132 ), which is just the outcome that the authors report. While this study reports an impressive, long-term data set, given broad interest in sugar maple and sustainability of forest management practices, we feel that it is critical to more fully explore the role of nutrition on sugar maple dynamics, both prior to and during the experiment, and to more fully review the scientific record on the role of whole-tree clearcutting in nutrient-induced sugar maple dynamics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0045-5067 , 1208-6037
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2018-0207
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473096-0
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Thirty-year effects of liming on soil and foliage chemistry and growth of northern hardwoods in Pennsylvania, USA
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2022
    In:  Canadian Journal of Forest Research Vol. 52, No. 4 ( 2022-04), p. 539-552
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 52, No. 4 ( 2022-04), p. 539-552
    Abstract: The longevity of a single 22.4 Mg·ha −1 application of dolomitic limestone at four northern hardwood stands was evaluated over 30 years (1986–2016) to determine whether changes in soils, foliage, and tree growth were sustained on the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau in northern Pennsylvania, USA. In limed plots, soils, sampled to 45–55 cm depth, and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) foliage had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) through 2016 compared with samples from unlimed plots. Ca and Mg capitals (g·m −2 ) in the Oi through A horizons combined were greater on limed plots than unlimed plots, largely due to increases in the thickness and nutrient concentration in the A horizon. Over 30 years, sugar maple basal area increment (cm 2 ·year −1 BAINC) was greater in limed plots (30.6 cm 2 ·year −1 vs unlimed 13.3), American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) BAINC was unaffected by lime application, and black cherry BAINC was reduced in limed plots compared with unlimed plots. The sustained effect of this one-time lime treatment shows the strong role of efficient nutrient cycling in forests and suggests that the benefits over a substantial portion of a stand rotation may increase the feasibility of operational liming.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0045-5067 , 1208-6037
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2021-0246
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473096-0
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Responses of northern red oak seedlings to lime and deer exclosure fencing in Pennsylvania
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2012
    In:  Canadian Journal of Forest Research Vol. 42, No. 4 ( 2012-04), p. 698-709
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 42, No. 4 ( 2012-04), p. 698-709
    Abstract: In Pennsylvania, two hypotheses compete to explain the chronic oak ( Quercus spp.) regeneration problem: excessive deer browsing and soil cation depletion. We tested these hypotheses by evaluating the effect of forest liming and deer exclosure fencing on northern red oak ( Quercus rubra L.) seedling growth and nutrition in five oak shelterwood stands in Pennsylvania over 6 years. In each stand, four planting plots were located inside a 2.4 m high woven wire fence and another four were established outside the fence. About 225 northern red oak acorns were planted in each plot in spring 2004. Dolomitic limestone was applied to randomly selected plots at rates of 0, 4.5, 9.0, and 13.5 Mg·ha –1 during May 2004. There were no statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) growth responses to lime applications. The only significant growth responses resulted from the fence versus no-fence treatment. A significant (P  〈 0.003) fence × year interaction for seedling height and root collar diameter indicates differential impacts of deer browsing. By 2009, seedlings inside fences averaged 32 cm tall, while seedlings outside the fences averaged 17 cm. Similarly, root collar diameter averaged 6.6 mm outside the fences and 9.1 mm inside fences.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0045-5067 , 1208-6037
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/x2012-025
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473096-0
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influence of nutrition and stress on sugar maple at a regional scale
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2006
    In:  Canadian Journal of Forest Research Vol. 36, No. 9 ( 2006-09-01), p. 2235-2246
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 36, No. 9 ( 2006-09-01), p. 2235-2246
    Abstract: Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) decline disease on the Allegheny Plateau (region 1) resulted in high levels of mortality during the 1990s. Sugar maple was predisposed to decline because of an imbalance in Mg, Ca, and Mn nutrition and incited to decline by repeated defoliation. We sampled 33 stands in New York, Vermont, and New Hampshire (region 2) to determine if this model of sugar maple decline applies to a broader region. Low Ca and Mg and higher Mn levels were correlated with poorer tree health in both regions, but region 2 stands had little defoliation and few dead trees, suggesting that both unbalanced nutrition and stress are required for mortality to occur. We predict that stands with low foliar Ca and Mg and high Mn levels would incur increased mortality if stressed. In region 2, relationships between Ca, Mg, and Mn levels and dieback suggested that impacts on sugar maple may be caused by nutritional imbalance alone. Partial correlation analysis suggests that antagonism between Mg and Mn is the most important nutritional factor in region 1, while Mn supply is most important in region 2. We suggest that more research is needed on the interacting roles played by Ca, Mg, Al, and Mn in sugar maple performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0045-5067 , 1208-6037
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/x06-120
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473096-0
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Linking environmental gradients, species composition, and vegetation indicators of sugar maple health in the northeastern United States
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2008
    In:  Canadian Journal of Forest Research Vol. 38, No. 7 ( 2008-07), p. 1761-1774
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 38, No. 7 ( 2008-07), p. 1761-1774
    Abstract: Sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marsh.) decline has occurred throughout its range over the past 50 years, although decline symptoms are minimal where nutritional thresholds of Ca, Mg, and Mn are met. Here, we show that availability of these elements also controls vascular plant species composition in northern hardwood stands and we identify indicator species of these nutrient thresholds. Presence and abundance of vascular plant species and data on 35 environmental variables were collected from 86 stands in New Hampshire and Vermont (NHVT) and Pennsylvania and New York (PANY). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination was used to determine which variables affected presence and abundance of species; both measures gave similar results. A base cation – acid cation nutrient gradient on axis one accounted for 71.9% (NHVT) and 63.0% (PANY) of the variation in the nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination. Measures of Ca, Mg, and pH formed the base end and Al, Mn, K, soil acidity, and organic matter the acid end in both subregions. In both subregions, sugar maple foliar Mg and Ca had the strongest association with the base end of axis 1; exchangeable Al in NHVT and foliar Mn in PANY were strongly associated with the acid end. McNemar’s exact test and indicator species analysis were used to determine which species were present in stands that met the nutritional thresholds for Ca, Mg, and Mn foliar chemistry. McNemar’s exact test identified 16 species in NHVT and PANY, 16 additional species in NHVT only, and 12 additional species in PANY only. Indicator species analysis identified a subset of these species with the highest frequency of occurrence. Indicator species could provide land managers with a diagnostic tool for determining where on the landscape sugar maple is “at risk” or likely to remain healthy in the face of stresses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0045-5067 , 1208-6037
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/X08-023
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473096-0
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Long-term impact of liming on growth and vigor of northern hardwoods
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2011
    In:  Canadian Journal of Forest Research Vol. 41, No. 6 ( 2011-06), p. 1295-1307
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 41, No. 6 ( 2011-06), p. 1295-1307
    Abstract: Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) is a keystone species in the northern hardwood forest, and decline episodes have negatively affected the growth and health of sugar maple in portions of its range over the past 50+ years. Crown health, growth, survival, and flower and seed production of sugar maple were negatively affected by a widespread decline event in the mid-1980s on the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau in northern Pennsylvania. A long-term liming study was initiated in 1985 to evaluate responses to a one-time application of 22.4 Mg·ha –1 of dolomitic limestone in four northern hardwood stands. Over the 23-year period ending in 2008, sugar maple basal area increment (BAINC) increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in limed plots from 1995 through 2008, whereas American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) BAINC was unaffected. For black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), the third principal overstory species, BAINC and survival were reduced in limed plots compared with unlimed plots. Foliar Ca and Mg remained significantly higher in sugar maple foliage sampled 21 years after lime application, showing persistence of the lime effect. These results show long-term species-specific responses to lime application.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0045-5067 , 1208-6037
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/x11-049
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473096-0
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measuring changes in stress and vitality indicators in limed sugar maple on the Allegheny Plateau in north-central Pennsylvania
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2002
    In:  Canadian Journal of Forest Research Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2002-04-01), p. 629-641
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2002-04-01), p. 629-641
    Abstract: A study established in 1985 in north-central Pennsylvania to determine effects of lime fertilization on declining sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) was evaluated in 1993 and showed that liming positively affected growth and crown vitality in sugar maple. This effect of lime on sugar maple offered an opportunity to assess other indicators of tree vitality and their response to lime additions. Foliar polyamines, starch and soluble sugars in root tissues, and cambial electrical resistance (CER) at breast height were evaluated. Foliar putrescine, soluble sugars, and CER decreased, while starch increased in lime-treated trees. Changes in these indicators were correlated with tree growth and crown vitality, which improved in limed plots. However, they were more highly correlated with lime-induced changes in foliar and soil elements and soil pH. Putrescine, soluble sugars, and CER decreased and starch increased, as Ca and Mg and molar ratios of Ca/Al and Mg/Mn increased and as Al and Mn decreased in both soil and foliage, and as soil pH increased. Results showed the beneficial effect of lime on tree vitality that was not reflected in visual assessments of crown vitality and demonstrated the potential utility of these physiological and biochemical measures as indicators of vitality in sugar maple.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0045-5067 , 1208-6037
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/x02-008
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473096-0
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