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  • Cambridge University Press (CUP)  (13)
  • 1
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    The association of maternal vitamin D status with infant birth outcomes, postnatal growth and adiposity in the first 2 years of life in a multi-ethnic Asian population: the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort study
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2016
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 116, No. 4 ( 2016-08-28), p. 621-631
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 116, No. 4 ( 2016-08-28), p. 621-631
    Abstract: Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy has been associated with infant birth and postnatal growth outcomes, but reported findings have been inconsistent, especially in relation to postnatal growth and adiposity outcomes. In a mother–offspring cohort in Singapore, maternal plasma vitamin D was measured between 26 and 28 weeks of gestation, and anthropometric measurements were obtained from singleton offspring during the first 2 years of life with 3-month follow-up intervals to examine birth, growth and adiposity outcomes. Associations were analysed using multivariable linear regression. Of a total of 910 mothers, 13·2 % were vitamin D deficient ( 〈 50 nmol/l) and 26·5 % were insufficient (50–75 nmol/l). After adjustment for potential confounders and multiple testing, no statistically significant associations were observed between maternal vitamin D status and any of the birth outcomes – small for gestational age (OR 1·00; 95 % CI 0·56, 1·79) and pre-term birth (OR 1·16; 95 % CI 0·64, 2·11) – growth outcomes – weight-for-age z -scores, length-for-age z -scores, circumferences of the head, abdomen and mid-arm at birth or postnatally – and adiposity outcomes – BMI, and skinfold thickness (triceps, biceps and subscapular) at birth or postnatally. Maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy did not influence infant birth outcomes, postnatal growth and adiposity outcomes in this cohort, perhaps due to the low prevalence (1·6 % of the cohort) of severe maternal vitamin D deficiency (defined as of 〈 30·0 nmol/l) in our population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114516000623
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 2
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    Urine phyto-oestrogen metabolites are not significantly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes: the Singapore Chinese health study
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2016
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 115, No. 9 ( 2016-05-14), p. 1607-1615
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 115, No. 9 ( 2016-05-14), p. 1607-1615
    Abstract: We evaluated the relationship between urine concentrations of phyto-oestrogens (isoflavones and lignans) and risk of incident type 2 diabetes in middle-aged and elderly Chinese residing in Singapore. Urine metabolites of isoflavones and lignans were assayed by HPLC among 564 diabetes cases and 564 matched controls in a case–control study nested within the Singapore Chinese Health Study cohort. Participants were free of diagnosed diabetes, CVD and cancer at morning urine collections during 1999–2004. Cases were participants who reported to have physician-diagnosed diabetes at follow-up visits during 2006–2010, whereas controls were randomly selected among those who remained free of diabetes and were matched to the index cases by age, sex, dialect group and date of urine collection. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate OR and 95 % CI with adjustment for potential confounders. The mean age of the participants at the time of urine collection was 59·8 years, and the average interval between urine collection and diabetes diagnosis was 4·0 years. The multivariate-adjusted OR for diabetes were 1·00 (reference), 0·76 (95 % CI 0·52, 1·11), 0·78 (95 % CI 0·53, 1·14) and 0·79 (95 % CI 0·54, 1·15) across quartiles of urine isoflavones ( P for trend =0·54), and were 1·00 (reference), 0·87 (95 % CI 0·60, 1·27), 1·10 (95 % CI 0·77, 1·56) and 0·93 (95 % CI 0·63, 1·37) for lignans ( P for trend =0·93). The results were similar in men and women, as well as for individual metabolites of isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, glycitin and equol) or lignans (enterodiol and enterolactone). The present study did not find a significant association between urine phyto-oestrogen metabolites and risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114516000581
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 3
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    Rice and noodle consumption is associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia in an Asian population
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2014
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 111, No. 6 ( 2014-03-28), p. 1118-1128
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 111, No. 6 ( 2014-03-28), p. 1118-1128
    Abstract: High consumption of refined grains, particularly white rice, has been reported to be associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the association between rice and noodle consumption and markers of glucose homeostasis, inflammation and dyslipidaemia in an Asian population. We carried out a population-based cross-sectional study in 2728 Singaporean Chinese men and women aged between 24 and 92 years. Rice and noodle intake was assessed using a validated FFQ and studied in relation to glycaemic (fasting glucose, glycated Hb, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and HOMA index for β-cell function (HOMA-β)), inflammatory (plasma adiponectin and C-reactive protein (CRP)) and lipid (fasting TAG and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C)) markers. We used multiple linear regression analyses with adjustment for total energy intake and sociodemographic, anthropometric (BMI and waist:hip ratio) and lifestyle factors. Higher rice consumption was found to be associated with higher fasting glucose concentrations (0·81 % higher values per portion increment; 95 % CI 0·09, 1·54) and HOMA-IR (4·62 %; 95 % CI 1·29, 8·07). Higher noodle consumption was also found to be significantly associated with higher fasting glucose concentrations (1·67 %; 95 % CI 0·44, 2·92), HOMA-IR (6·17 %; 95 % CI 0·49, 12·16) and fasting TAG concentrations (9·17 %; 95 % CI 3·44, 15·22). No significant association was observed between rice and noodle consumption and adiponectin, CRP and HDL-C concentrations or HOMA-β in the fully adjusted model. These results suggest that high consumption of rice and noodles may contribute to hyperglycaemia through greater insulin resistance and that this relationship is independent of adiposity and systemic inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513003486
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 4
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    Association of Diet Quality with Hand Grip Strength Weakness and Asymmetry in A Multi-ethnic Asian Cohort
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Abstract: Hand grip strength (HGS) is an important diagnostic tool for sarcopenia and a reliable predictor for age-related chronic diseases and mortality. Interventions in nutrition have been shown as a low-cost strategy to maintain muscular strength and mass. However, there are limited data on the effect of diet on HGS in Southeast Asian populations. This study aims to investigate the association of diet quality with HGS weakness and asymmetry in a multi-ethnic population in Singapore. This cross-sectional study used data from the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort (n=1,547). Dietary data were collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and summarized as the Dietary Quality Index – International (DQI-I). HGS was calculated as the maximum value of six measurements from both hands. HGS weakness and asymmetry were defined using well-recognized criteria. Multivariable linear regression and logistic regression were utilized for continuous and binary outcomes respectively, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, physical activity, and smoking status. It was found that the highest quartile of DQI-I was significantly associated with higher HGS (β=1.11; 95%CI: 0.41, 1.82; p-trend 〈 0.001), and lower odds of HGS asymmetry (OR=0.71; 95%CI: 0.53, 0.94; p-trend=0.035) and both HGS weakness and asymmetry (OR=0.50; 95%CI: 0.32, 0.76; p-trend=0.004). Among the different components of DQI-I, only dietary adequacy was significantly associated with higher HGS (p-trend 〈 0.001) and lower odds for both HGS weakness and asymmetry (p-trend=0.006). Our findings support that DQI-I, an indicator of overall diet quality, can be used to provide dietary guidelines for prevention and management of muscle wasting, sarcopenia, and frailty.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114523002647
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 5
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    New approaches to the study of dietary patterns
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2005
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 93, No. 5 ( 2005-05), p. 573-574
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 93, No. 5 ( 2005-05), p. 573-574
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1079/BJN20051453
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 6
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    Urinary isoflavonoids and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective investigation in US women
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2015
    In:  British Journal of Nutrition Vol. 114, No. 10 ( 2015-11-28), p. 1694-1701
    Details
    In: British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 114, No. 10 ( 2015-11-28), p. 1694-1701
    Abstract: To examine the association between urinary excretion of isoflavonoids and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), we conducted a nested case–control study among 1111 T2D pairs identified during 1995–2008 in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and NHSII, who were free of diabetes, CVD and cancer at urine sample collection. Urinary excretion of daidzein and genistein, as well as their metabolites O -desmethylangolensin ( O -DMA), dihydrogenistein (DHGE) and dihydrodaidzein (DHDE) was assayed using liquid chromatography MS. Self-reported T2D incident cases were confirmed using a validated questionnaire. Higher urinary excretion of daidzein and genistein was associated with a lower risk of T2D in the combined cohorts. Comparing extreme tertiles of the urinary markers, the OR of T2D were 0·71 (95 % CI 0·55, 0·93) for daidzein and 0·74 (95 % CI 0·56, 0·97) for genistein, although the test for linear trend was not significant for genistein ( P trend =0·03 and 0·15, respectively). DMA, DHDE and DHGE were non-significantly associated with a lower T2D risk. The inverse association of daidzein with T2D risk was stronger among post-menopausal women who did not use hormone replacement therapy ( P interaction =0·001): the OR was 0·58 (95 % CI 0·34, 0·97) comparing extreme tertiles among these women. In conclusion, urinary excretion of isoflavones was associated with a lower T2D risk in US women, especially among post-menopausal women who did not use hormone. Further research is warranted to replicate these observations among western populations with similarly low overall isoflavone intake.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1145 , 1475-2662
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0007114515003359
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 7
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    Cash incentives for weight loss work only for males
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2021
    In:  Behavioural Public Policy
    Details
    In: Behavioural Public Policy, Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Abstract: When governments and healthcare providers offer people cash rewards for weight loss, an assumption is that cash rewards are versatile, working equally well for everyone – for example, for all genders. No research to date has tested for gender difference in response to financial incentives for weight loss. We show in an randomized controlled trial (RCT) ( n = 472) that cash incentives for weight loss only worked for males. The RCT consisted of a 3-month, self-administered online weight loss program. Offering a US$150 incentive for a 5% weight loss more than tripled the proportion of males who were successful, compared with a no-incentive Control arm (20.9% vs. 5.9%). On average, males in the incentive arm lost 2.4% of weight over 3 months, compared with 0.9% in the Control arm. The same incentive had no such effect on females: The average weight loss in the incentive arm was not significantly different than in the Control (1.03% and 1.44%, respectively), nor was the proportion of participants meeting the 5% weight loss goal (8.6% and 8.7%, respectively). This study shows that males respond better than females to financial incentives for weight loss.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2398-063X , 2398-0648
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/bpp.2021.20
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 8
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    Dietary changes during pregnancy and the postpartum period in Singaporean Chinese, Malay and Indian women: the GUSTO birth cohort study
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2014
    In:  Public Health Nutrition Vol. 17, No. 9 ( 2014-09), p. 1930-1938
    Details
    In: Public Health Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 17, No. 9 ( 2014-09), p. 1930-1938
    Abstract: To examine changes in food consumption during pregnancy and the postpartum period in women of major Asian ethnic groups. Design Using interviewer-administered questionnaires, we assessed changes in food consumption during pregnancy (26–28 weeks’ gestation) and the postpartum period (3 weeks after delivery) as compared with the usual pre-pregnancy diet. Setting Singapore. Subjects Pregnant women ( n 1027) of Chinese, Malay and Indian ethnicity (mean age 30·4 ( sd 5·2) years) who participated in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) study. Results During pregnancy, participants tended to increase their consumption of milk, fruit and vegetables and decrease their consumption of tea, coffee, soft drinks and seafood (all P 〈 0·001). Most participants reported adherence to traditional restrictions (‘confinement’) during the early postpartum period (Chinese: 94·8 %, Malay: 91·6 %, Indian: 79·6 %). During the postpartum period, participants tended to increase their consumption of fish and milk-based drinks and decrease their consumption of noodles, seafood, and chocolates and sweets (all P 〈 0·001). Ethnic differences in food consumption were pronounced during the postpartum period. For example, most Chinese participants (87·2 %) increased their ginger consumption during the postpartum period as compared with smaller percentages of Malays (31·8 %) and Indians (40·8 %; P for ethnic difference 〈 0·001). Similar ethnic differences were observed for cooking wine/alcohol, herbs and spices, and herbal tea consumption. Conclusions Marked changes in food consumption that reflect both modern dietary recommendations and the persistence of traditional beliefs were observed in Singaporean women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Traditional beliefs should be considered in interventions to improve dietary intakes during these periods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1368-9800 , 1475-2727
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1368980013001730
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016337-X
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  • 9
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    Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and risk of pregnancy loss: a categorical and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2016
    In:  Public Health Nutrition Vol. 19, No. 7 ( 2016-05), p. 1233-1244
    Details
    In: Public Health Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 19, No. 7 ( 2016-05), p. 1233-1244
    Abstract: To assess the association between maternal caffeine intake and risk of pregnancy loss using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Design Categorical and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Setting Relevant articles were identified by searching MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases through 30 January 2015. Two authors independently extracted information from eligible studies. Random-effects models were used to derive the summary relative risks (RR) and corresponding 95 % CI for specific categories of caffeine consumption and for a continuous association using generalized least-squares trend estimation. Subjects A total of 130 456 participants and 3429 cases in fourteen included studies. Results Compared with the reference category with no or very low caffeine intake, the RR (95 % CI) of pregnancy loss was 1·02 (0·85, 1·24; I 2 =28·3 %) for low intake (50–149 mg/d), 1·16 (0·94, 1·41; I 2 =49·6 %) for moderate intake (150–349 mg/d), 1·40 (1·16, 1·68; I 2 =18·6 %) for high intake (350–699 mg/d) and 1·72 (1·40, 2·13; I 2 =0·0 %) for very high intake (≥700 mg/d). In the dose–response analysis, each 100 mg/d increment in maternal caffeine intake (~1 cup of coffee) was associated with 7 % (95 % CI 3 %, 12 %) higher risk of pregnancy loss. Our results may have been affected by publication bias, but the association remained significant for the subset of larger studies. Furthermore, adjustment for smoking and pregnancy symptoms may have been incomplete, potentially resulting in residual confounding. Conclusions Albeit inconclusive, higher maternal caffeine intake was associated with a higher risk of pregnancy loss and adherence to guidelines to avoid high caffeine intake during pregnancy appears prudent.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1368-9800 , 1475-2727
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1368980015002463
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 10
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    Identifying implementation gaps and priorities for the Singapore government to improve food environment policies: perspectives from a local expert panel
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2021
    In:  Public Health Nutrition Vol. 24, No. 4 ( 2021-03), p. 585-592
    Details
    In: Public Health Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 24, No. 4 ( 2021-03), p. 585-592
    Abstract: Singapore, an urbanised, developed nation, with a high reliance on food importation and a high prevalence of eating out is facing rising rates of obesity and diabetes. The objective of the current study was to characterise and evaluate the Singapore government’s policies to improve the food environment and to identify and prioritise concrete actions. Design: The Healthy Food Environment Policy Index tool and process were used. An expert panel rated the Singapore government’s implementation of forty-seven indicators compared with international best practice in 2018. Indicators were prioritised, and specific recommendations were proposed by panel. Setting: Singapore. Participants: Twenty experts primarily from academia. Results: As compared with international benchmarks, the level of implementation of most indicators (thirty-three indicators, 70 %) by the Singapore government was evaluated as being at least moderate. Highly rated indicators included those related to provision of healthier meals at school, supporting the use of healthier ingredients by food vendors and governmental leadership. More policy indicators (6, 26 %) as compared with infrastructure support indicators (2, 8 %) received a ‘very little or no implementation’ rating. After rating, the experts prioritised eleven indicators and proposed thirty-one actions informed by several considerations including those of effectiveness, political acceptability, feasibility and unique characteristics of food retail in Singapore. Conclusions: Supported by documented evidence, an independent expert panel identified areas of strengths and provided specific recommendations to meaningfully improve the Singapore food environment to facilitate healthier eating. Fundamental recommendations including improving nutrition profiling and strengthening monitoring systems have the potential to positively influence environments across policy domains.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1368-9800 , 1475-2727
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1368980020003468
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016337-X
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